Intellectual capital plays essential role in corporate performance and this paper examines the impact of intellectual capital and its components on the ratio of corporate operating profit on sales as an indicator of economic performance. The study was accomplished among 1035 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and by using the Pulic-2004 model over the period 2005-2012. The results indicate that intellectual value added coefficient, as an indicator of intellectual capital efficiency, preserves a positive effect on sales and efficiency of structural capital and capital employed maintains a positive and meaningful effects on different financial ratios.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices, which is implemented to rank countries into different items of human development including life expectancy, education, living standards. This paper uses fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to rank five influencing factors including income, culture, healthcare, knowledge and civil rights in Iran. Using a questionnaire in linguistic form, the study asks some experts to make judgment about the relative importance of each pair of five items and it ranks them based on fuzzy AHP technique. The results indicate that income is number priority followed by knowledge, culture, civil rights and healthcare affairs.

This study investigates the effect of stock liquidity and stock liquidity risk on information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies. In this study, the bid-ask spread is considered as the criterion of information asymmetry. In addition, stock trade volume and the number of stock trades are considered as the criteria of stock liquidity. Some variables such as size, stock price, beta and growth are also considered as control variables. To test the hypotheses of the survey, 202 TSE listed companies over the period 2007-2012 are considered based on the multiple regression (Panel) method. The evidence shows that both proposed criteria, stock liquidity criterion as well as the stock trade volume and the number of stock trades, had negative effects on information asymmetry, but this effect is not statistically meaningful. In addition, evidence shows that stock liquidity risk had positive effect on information asymmetry, which is statistically meaningful. Research results also show that firm size and beta had positive and meaningful effects on information asymmetry. Finally, the results show that growth and stock price had negative meaningful effects on information asymmetry.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of relationship marketing on customers’ frequent use of services provided by an Iranian bank named Eghtesad Novin (EN). The present study was a correlational-applied study. The population of this study was all customers who had more than two years of collaboration with the EN Bank and were living in Tehran. Therefore, those branches located in diverse districts of Tehran were selected from all branches across the country. Since each branch was associated with one of quadripartite districts, five branches were selected randomly from each district. Multi-phase cluster random sampling was carried out in these districts. To obtain a sample size, formula of ratio estimation with a relative error of 0.05 and a maximum variance value of 0.50 were used so that the total size of sample was determined as 400 approximately. This study utilized the descriptive survey method. For this purpose, researcher-made questionnaires were used. In order to determine the reliability of the above-mentioned questionnaires, Cronbach & apos; s alpha coefficient was used and it was determined as 0.813, which confirmed the questionnaires. In addition, the validity of these questionnaires was reviewed and confirmed using expert opinions and viewpoints of professionals working in the banking sector as well as respectful professors. Inferential statistics as well as SPSS and LISREL software were used in order to design the research model. To this end, the effect of the foundation of relationship marketing including commitment, trust, communication and conflict-handling on customer loyalty, the importance of these factors from the perspective of the customers and the bank & apos; s success in creating any of the variables was examined and the data was analyzed using multiple regression method. The results showed that, except commitment, other foundations of relationship marketing had significant and positive effects in this bank.

Market segmentation plays essential role on understanding the behavior of people’s interests in purchasing various products and services through various channels. This paper presents an empirical investigation to shed light on consumer’s purchasing attitude as well as gathering information in multi-channel environment. The proposed study of this paper designed a questionnaire and distributed it among 800 people who were at least 18 years of age and had some experiences on purchasing goods and services on internet, catalog or regular shopping centers. Self-organizing map, SOM, clustering technique was performed based on consumer’s interest in gathering information as well as purchasing products through internet, catalog and shopping centers and determined four segments. There were two types of questions for the proposed study of this paper. The first group considered participants’ personal characteristics such as age, gender, income, etc. The second group of questions was associated with participants’ psychographic characteristics including price consciousness, quality consciousness, time pressure, etc. Using multinominal logistic regression technique, the study determines consumers’ behaviors in each four segments.

This paper presents an empirical survey to study the relationship between knowledge sharing and workforce agility among regular employees of Malek Ashtar University of Technology located in city of Tehran, Iran. The study uses two questionnaires for measuring knowledge sharing and workforce agility in Likert scale. In our survey, knowledge sharing consists of three dimensions of cognitive, structural and relationship while workforce agility includes seven dimensions including intelligence, maturity, perseverance and hard-working, creativity and innovation, being responsive, flexibility and information and communication. Using Pearson correlation ratio, the study has detected positive and meaningful relationships between various components of knowledge sharing, structural, relational and cognitive, and workforce agility (r = 0.708, P-value = 0.001).

Measuring the relative efficiency of banking industry has been a popular subject among both practitioners and academicians. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been widely applied for different purposes. This paper presents an empirical investigation to measure the relative efficiency of various banks located in province of Semnan, Iran. The proposed study uses DEA method to rank all units and using Anderson and Peterson method (1993) [Andersen, P., & Petersen, N. C. (1993). A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 39, 1261-1264], we provide some super efficiency for inefficient units. The study also provides reference numbers for inefficient units and gives some target values for all inefficient units.

During the past few years, Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) has been changed into one of the most popular places to invest and index has been quadrupled in fewer than three years. As a result, many people have been attracted to invest on TSE market. This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of investors’ personal characteristics including financial management skills, wealth and financial intelligence on investors’ risk tolerance among 384 randomly chosen investors who were active on TSE market in city of Esfahan, Iran. Using structural equation modeling, the study has determined that financial management skills, wealth and financial intelligence influence positively on investors’ risk tolerance.

This paper studies the impacts of different factors influencing on perceived organization change in municipality organization in city of Tehran, Iran. The proposed study uses two questionnaires, one for measuring the effects of five factors including partnership, communication, training, believe in change and organization commitment and the other for organizational change in Likert scale. The study has been implemented among 147 regular employees of municipality organization in city of Tehran, Iran. Using simple regression analysis, the study has detected that all mentioned factors influence organizational change, positively. In addition, Freedman test indicates that partnership maintains the highest impact followed by believe in change, communication, organizational commitment and training.

This paper studies the impacts of four components of organizational culture on brand promise in one of Iranian producer of detergent and sanitary products. The proposed study uses two questionnaires, one for measuring the effects of organizational culture and the other for brand promise in Likert scale. Cronbach alphas for organizational culture and brand promise are calculated as 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. The study has been implemented among 211 regular customers of producer of detergent and sanitary products. Using Spearman correlation ratio as well as stepwise regression analysis, the study has detected that three components of organizational culture including tribal culture, entrepreneurial culture, and market culture influence positively on brand promise and bureaucratic culture influences negatively on brand promise.