Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer necessary information, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to various objects. This paper presents a survey to study the role of different factors influencing on RFID implementation in after sales services in auto industry. The study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 20 managers who work for after sales services in auto industry located in city of Tehran, Iran. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.74, which is well above the minimum acceptable level. Using the existing literature as well as a survey with experts, the study has detected four important factors including management, technical, economic and environmental factors. We also weight all factors and sub-factors using Shannon entropy method.

This study investigates the effect of stock liquidity and stock liquidity risk on information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies. In this study, the bid-ask spread is considered as the criterion of information asymmetry. In addition, stock trade volume and the number of stock trades are considered as the criteria of stock liquidity. Some variables such as size, stock price, beta and growth are also considered as control variables. To test the hypotheses of the survey, 202 TSE listed companies over the period 2007-2012 are considered based on the multiple regression (Panel) method. The evidence shows that both proposed criteria, stock liquidity criterion as well as the stock trade volume and the number of stock trades, had negative effects on information asymmetry, but this effect is not statistically meaningful. In addition, evidence shows that stock liquidity risk had positive effect on information asymmetry, which is statistically meaningful. Research results also show that firm size and beta had positive and meaningful effects on information asymmetry. Finally, the results show that growth and stock price had negative meaningful effects on information asymmetry.

This paper investigates the role and the effect of the life cycle theory on explanation of dividend payout policy in Tehran Stock exchange listed companies over the period 2006-2011. For measuring the firm’s life cycle, two criteria namely retained earnings to equity ratio and retained earnings to assets ratio have been used as proxies of firm’s life cycle. The findings of this research show that only retained earnings to assets ratio has a meaningful and positive effect on dividend payout policy; In the companies that are growing, retained earnings to assets ratio is low; Whereas this ratio is high in the more mature companies and these firms have abundant retained earnings, hence they are good candidates to pay dividends. However, there was no meaningful relationship between another life cycle criteria namely retained earnings to equity ratio and dividend payout policy.

Capital employed efficiency is one of the intellectual capital components based on value added intellectual capital model. It is calculated by dividing value added on capital employed. Operational cash flow is made from operating activities. It is expected that created value added from capital employed could make more operational cash flow. This paper investigates the relationship between capital employed efficiency and operating cash flow. To test this hypothesis, data has been collected from a sample of 161 firms in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2008-2012. Results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between capital employed efficiency and operational cash flow. In other words, more cash flow from operational is created through increasing the amount of value added based on capital employed.

This study investigates the explanatory power of leverage and cash flows in future cash flow prediction in Tehran Stock Exchange by considering Signaling Theory and Pecking Order Theory. Based on theoretical foundations, the regression models of leverage and cash flow with a set of control variables was developed. Statistical samples consist of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2005- 2011. The results show that there was a negative relationship between cash flow and leverage levels in contemporary time. This is consistent with pecking order behavior. While at intertemporer level, there was a positive relationship between current leverage and the firm & apos; s cash flows in the future. This is consistent with signaling theory.

This study examines the relationship between earnings management and information asymmetry based on some companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2005-2010. The study only uses qualified samples by taking into account all limitations and necessary criteria. Based on the results of this survey, we can conclude that there is not a significant relationship between earning management and information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange. There is also not a significant relationship between low or high earning management and information asymmetry. Estimated dividend announcement has information content and it can influence on information asymmetry. Finally, in Tehran Stock Exchange, there is information asymmetry and after dividend announcement, its value is more than before.