For many centuries, knowledge has been acting as the backbone of the progress of mankind but very recently it has been supplemented with the concept of management. Yet, the term knowledge management (KM) is being coined very recently and it has gained very huge popularity. Today, organizations have recognized the importance of knowledge management and are continuously working with it. The research paper is dedicated to different aspects of knowledge management and focuses on different views of the researchers on knowledge, knowledge management, KM processes, objectives, benefits, myths and errors.

This paper presents a survey on relationship between social capital and knowledge management for knowledge based organizations. This research is of descriptive-correlation one and the sample includes 100 faculty members of non-governmental institutes of Babol city. The instrument was questionnaire and the analysis performed using SPSS17 and Lisrel 8.8 software. Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis route analysis, and structural equations modeling were used as statistical tests. The research showed that social capital had direct and significant effect on knowledge management in 99% confidence interval. Among the dimensions of social capital, trust and social norms with knowledge application; trust with knowledge acquisition; trust and social norms with knowledge transfer; trust and networks association with knowledge creation; and trust, social norms and networks association with knowledge record had significant and positive effects in 95% confidence interval. Social capital was effective on knowledge management and knowledge based organizations could promote knowledge creation, acquisition, record, application and transfer process by improving social capitals.

The World Wide Web is a great source of information, which is nowadays being widely used due to the availability of useful information changing, dynamically. However, the large number of webpages often confuses many users and it is hard for them to find information on their interests. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system capable of guiding users towards their desired choices and services. Recommender systems search among a large collection of user interests and recommend those, which are likely to be favored the most by the user. Web usage mining was designed to function on web server records, which are included in user search results. Therefore, recommender servers use the web usage mining technique to predict users’ browsing patterns and recommend those patterns in the form of a suggestion list. In this article, a recommender system based on web usage mining phases (online and offline) was proposed. In the offline phase, the first step is to analyze user access records to identify user sessions. Next, user profiles are built using data from server records based on the frequency of access to pages, the time spent by the user on each page and the date of page view. Date is of importance since it is more possible for users to request new pages more than old ones and old pages are less probable to be viewed, as users mostly look for new information. Following the creation of user profiles, users are categorized in clusters using the Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and S(c) criterion based on their similarities. In the online phase, a neural network is offered to identify the suggested model while online suggestions are generated using the suggestion module for the active user. Search engines analyze suggestion lists based on rate of user interest in pages and page rank and finally suggest appropriate pages to the active user. Experiments show that the proposed method of predicting user recent requested pages has more accuracy and cover than other methods.

Network coding (NC) is an approach for increasing the throughput of communication networks. NC has been derived from the idea of combining packets and forwarding them to achieve higher throughputs. From the very beginning, NC has attracted the attentions of scholars since they could improve the throughput of wired networks. Previous works have focused on the improvement of network throughput. Some methods add artificial delay to send packets. The methods are used in order to gain coding time and to increase throughput but they could not be used in immediate applications. However, early packets dispatch or adding delay to packets, for increasing coding time, can influence on the jitter of sent data. On the other hand, jitter is an important parameter in determining multimedia broadcasting time. Unlike previous methods, this paper provides a jitter-based coding algorithm using Jacobsen method. In the proposed method, the selection priority is based on packets jitter so that a packet with the minimum jitter is considered as the first priority for coding. Related computations are performed through Jacobson algorithm. According to simulation results, selecting a proper coding pattern for jitter can improve jitter by 30% while the throughput of this method shows no considerable change compared with that of available methods.

Qom is one of the most important religious centers in the Shiite world and it is the second largest pilgrimage center in Iran with tourism capabilities. Tourists and visitors of the city can contribute for the development of city and it can help city & apos; s economy and create new job opportunities. However, achieving these benefits and suitability becomes possible as long as necessary civil and social infrastructures are provided. The purpose of this study is to provide strategic assessment and optimization strategies for development of tourism industry to reach sustainable tourism development in city of Qom metropolis. The study uses three techniques namely; Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), integrated environmental assessment (IEA) and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) to determine necessary guidelines for development of tourism in city of Qom, Iran. The study first uses SWOT to categorize different factors, IEA is applied to determine internal as well as external factors and finally QSPM is applied to prioritize various factors. The results indicate that the city has faced stronger weakness than strengths for development of tourism industry. However, in terms of external opportunities, there are several choices for city development.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the role of entry into regional markets in fulfilling brand promise. The study designs two questionnaires, one for measuring brand promise and the other for measuring export capabilities, in Likert scale and distributes it among 250 randomly selected producers who were involved in production and development of various products in city of Esfahan, Iran. Cronbach alphas were calculated for brand promise and export capabilities as 0.856 and 0.812, respectively. Using structural equation modeling, the study has detected seven factors including product development, public advocacy, strategic orientation, customer satisfaction, competitive pressures, organizational capabilities and distribution strategies.

Network coding is introduced as a technique to improve performance in communication networks. In network coding, intermediate nodes mix packets to enhance network performance. To increase throughput, several approaches have been proposed based on network coding. Many approaches use delay in sending packets to increase throughput. These approaches are not suitable for delay sensitive applications. To solve this problem, some methods make a tradeoff between delay and throughput. In this paper, unlike other approaches, network coding is used to reduce end-to-end delay in wireless networks. In our proposed approach, packets do not receive more delay and the priority of the selected packets for coding is based on their end-to-end delay. The packet that tolerates more delay has higher priority for coding with forwarding packet. Simulation results illustrate that using network coding compared with other approaches can reduce end-to-end delay.

This paper studies the effects of different factors on empowering employees in one of Iranian food makers named Razavi Foods Products Co. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 83 out of 105 employees who work for this food producer. Cronbach alpha is equal to 0.91, which is well above the minimum acceptance level. In addition, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test has indicated that all data were normally distributed. The results of Pearson correlation test has indicated that work place was the most influential factor affecting positively on empowering employees followed by having crystal clear objectives on responsibilities and employees’ authorities. In addition, the implementation of stepwise regression technique has indicated that work process was the most important factor followed by process optimization and having clear objectives.

This investigation tries to examine correlation between clandestine advertisement and organizational strategy in brand management via available sources and by using a field study. In fact, it intends to raise the question “Are clandestine advertisement and organizational strategy effective in management of products brands?” This is an applied and descriptive-approaching study. The study chooses a sample of 171 regular customers who do their day-to-day banking business activities through an Iranian bank named Sepah bank in city of Tehran, Iran. Using structural equation modeling, the study confirms a positive and meaningful relationship between clandestine advertisement and organizational strategy in brand management.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of electronic banking devices such as automated telling machines (ATM), Point of sales (POS) and Pin Pad on profitability and market share in Iranian banking industry. The population of this study considers the information of 16 banks, five governmental and eleven private, over the period 2007-2012. Using two regression techniques, the study has detected that while Pin Pad may influence on return of assets positively, ATM and POS may not have any meaningful impact on profitability. Moreover, in our survey, none of technological facilities had a meaningful impact on market share but there was a positive and meaningful relationship between bank size and market share.