Assembly buildings, in the context of the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry, achieve superior outcomes in terms of carbon emission reduction, enhancement of building uniformity, and optimization of resource utilization as compared to traditional buildings. However, the supply chain for assembly building is marked by a significant susceptibility to risk and a need for timely fulfillment of requirements. This paper examines the risk of disruption and capacity limitations in the assembly building supply chain resulting from supply disruptions. It establishes a three-tier supply chain for assembly buildings, including primary component suppliers, backup suppliers, assembly manufacturers, and retailers. The study compares the optimal decision-making and coordination strategies of the supply chain members under centralized, decentralized, and joint agreements. The supply chain dual-source procurement decision coordination model is constructed by incorporating capacity constraints and analyzing the effects of supply disruption probability, repurchase coefficient, revenue sharing coefficient, cost, and other parameters on the expected profits of the supply chain members using arithmetic simulation. Research has indicated that when the likelihood of a disturbance occurring rises, the anticipated financial gain for the main provider decreases, while the predicted financial gain for the secondary supplier increases. The implementation of a collaborative agreement between the assembly maker and the parts backup provider would result in much greater anticipated profits compared to the decentralized decision-making approach. The impact of the revenue sharing coefficient on the predicted earnings of retailers and assembly manufacturers is more significant compared to the repurchase coefficient. The selection bias between NA and NB techniques under capacity constraints mostly arises from the assertiveness of the wholesale asking prices of inexpensive component suppliers, leading assembly manufacturers to increasingly prefer the NA option. This paper's research successfully achieves the contractual coordination of the assembly building supply chain, enhances the resilience of the assembly building supply chain, and promotes the long-term sustainable development of the assembly building supply chain.

The objective of the study is to assess the impact of circular economy practices on financial performance of construction enterprises in Vietnam. The study conducted a survey in 3 months using a survey resulting in 233 valid surveys representing 233 construction enterprises in Vietnam. Using Smart PLS 4.1 software to analyze data, the results show that circular economy practice positively impacts financial performance of circular economy construction and innovation enterprises that play a mediate role in the relationship between circular economy practice and financial performance. Finally, enterprise size has a role to play in moderating impact of circular economy practices on financial performance of construction enterprises in Vietnam.

A thorough analysis of developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies for skin cancer diagnosis is provided in this research. It investigates how ML and DL could improve the precision and effectiveness of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma detection. By looking at current studies, the study emphasizes the use of neural networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVM), random forests, and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) in the diagnosis of skin cancer. Key findings show that DL models, including VGG, ResNet, and Inception benefit from huge datasets and sophisticated data augmentation strategies to attain high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The paper also discusses the challenges and limitations associated with these technologies, such as the requirement for extensive annotated datasets. The study concludes with a call for collaboration to overcome current challenges and enhance the practical application of ML and DL in skin cancer detection.

With the rapid development of the courier industry, customers are placing higher demands on the cost and delivery time of courier services. Therefore, this paper focuses on the bi-objective express transportation network design problem (BO-ETNDP) to minimize the operation cost and maximum arrival time. A multi-structure parallel design methodology (MS-PDM) is proposed to solve the BO-ETNDP. In this methodology, all topological structures commonly used in designing transportation networks are sorted out. For each topological structure, a novel bi-objective nonlinear mixed-integer optimization model for BO-ETNDP is developed considering the impact of the hub’s sorting efficiency on the operation cost and arrival time. To solve these models, a preference-based multi-objective algorithm (PB-MOA) is devised, which embeds the branch-and-cut algorithm and Pareto dominance theory in the framework of this ranking algorithm. In the case study, the applicability of the proposed methodology is verified in a real-world leading express company. The results show that our methodology can effectively avoid the limitation of solving the BO-ETNDP with a specific structure. Besides, the suitable topology for designing express transportation networks in different scenarios are explored through the sensitivity analysis.

This study aims to investigate the strategies employed by halal food manufacturers in Malaysia to mitigate operational supply risks. This study selected a sample of 369 respondents using a simple random sampling method to participate in the main survey. The collected dataset was analysed using covariance-based software (AMOS-SEM)) to test the study hypotheses. The findings of this research highlight that halal food manufacturers in Malaysia proactively adopt measures to manage operational supply risks from suppliers. Notably, they utilize behaviour-based and buffer-based strategies to effectively minimize the impact of these risks. This study focused on supply-related risks. To secure the integrity of halal, the firms must address demand-related risks and governmental and organizational risks to ensure the halalness of halal products. Therefore, it is crucial to consider risk management for all parts of the supply chain to guarantee the halal compliance of food products. The study highlights halal firms' need for behaviour-based and buffer-based risk management strategies to mitigate price, quality, and delivery risks while ensuring brand reputation and consumer trust through collaboration, information sharing, and supplier performance evaluation. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the operational supply risks faced by halal food manufacturers, offering insights into the unique challenges and vulnerabilities within the halal food supply chain. By specifically focusing on Malaysia, this research contributes to the limited existing literature in this specific context, further enriching our knowledge in this field.

This study evaluates the impact of project procurement strategies on supply chain efficiency in the Jordanian construction industry, with vendor relationship management as a mediating variable. The target population was the 25000 construction industry specialists in Jordan. According to purposeful sampling technique and more specifically, stratified random sampling, 454 subjects were asked to complete questionnaires. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed for the analysis of data for the test of the hypotheses. This research also revealed that the project procurement strategies which are Just-In-Time, Multiple Sourcing, and Single Sourcing have positive impacts with a statistical significance to the supply chain efficiency dimensions of Demand Forecasting, Supply Chain Integration and Collaboration and Communication. Vendor relationship management was also a partial mediator to these relations. These implications can be summed up for the construction firms and policymakers in Jordan to understand how strategic procurement approach and proper relations with the vendors can improve the performance of the supply chain. This work aims to benefit the academia as it fills a gap in the existing literature by analysing the relationship between procurement strategies, its actors (vendors), and supply chain performance within a developing country environment. The analysis with the help of PLS-SEM enables us to look at both the direct and the indirect effects in such relationships.

The paper presents a fresh empirical approach for clarifying the impact of Jordan's most prevalent forms of ownership on the link between the “fair value (FV)” model share of assets and auditing costs. Using information gathered from 105 Jordanian financial listed companies spanning 2005 to 2018, ordinary least squares regression is applied in this paper. While financial institution ownership variables cause the opposite to be observed, family ownership decreases the link among the share of assets at FV and audit expenses. Family ownership results in decreased auditing costs paid only for “Level 1” assets; conversely, the extremely uncertain FV assets “Level 2 & 3” show the opposite. Financial institutional ownership demonstrates that auditing FV Level 1 leads to higher auditing costs. When relating FV Levels 2 and 3, the moderating effect of financial institutional ownership was significantly negative. No significant moderating effect of government ownership is confirmed. The inconclusive and limited empirical explanation of audit costs resulting from the FV model from a Western setting motivates our investigation. This study is considered as a unique study as it takes into account the most prevalent types of ownership in the Jordanian context in the FV studies reviewing auditees in Jordan. New evidence is generated by documenting audit characteristics of Jordan, a developing country, and its institutional environment and compliance with the FV model. The results are useful to regulators and policymakers in regulating the auditing profession and resolving FV audit-related conflicts and issues.

Low-speed impacts are common occurrences in industries such as aviation, automotive, and marine. Yet they have received relatively little attention compared to medium and high-speed impacts. Understanding the behavior of materials under low-speed impact is crucial for ensuring impact resistance and damage absorption in engineering structures. This study presents an experimental investigation into the low-speed impact behavior of 1050 aluminum alloy plates. Impact tests were conducted using a CEAST 9340 drop-weight testing machine, varying impact energies and temperatures to analyze their effects on the material. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the dynamic response of engineering materials under low-speed impact loading conditions. The insight gained from this study informs the design and optimization of aerospace and automotive structures to enhance their impact resistance and structural integrity. The results of the study indicate an inverse relation between the temperature of the impacted specimen and the maximum contact force.

The interconnected usefulness of titanium grade 5 is amplified by the improved mechanical ability and sustainable applications in various industries like the aerospace, medical industry and many more. Despite the profound properties of Ti6Al4V, it is worthy of intellectual study to investigate the possible performance improvement of the material for better operational application. This study adopted the use of RF magnetron sputtering to deposit the target on the substrate material under varying temperatures and deposition power. A total of four samples and control were analyzed for a surface morphological examination and post-sputtering chemical compositional analysis via SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDX (energy dispersive x-ray analysis). Further investigation on the samples' crystallites was done using XRD (X-ray diffractometer). The SEM images showed low agglomeration and most of the samples were void of pores, cleft and crevices, which implied homogeneous distribution of the target (Inconel thin film) on the titanium substrate. The EDX of the Inconel coated titanium samples revealed elements such as Ti, Si and C, which are beneficial to the properties of the materials. The XRD profiles of the Inconel coated titanium samples disclosed intensities of high peaks, which indicated stability, chemical and microstructural homogeneity of the thin film.

This study tries to explore how distinctive or not the Vietnamese students are in learning English, thus investigating factors influencing the language proficiency of Vietnamese students. The study suggests the significance of five intrinsic factors related to the students’ characteristics (which are learning purpose, learning ability, learning method, hard-working, and self-awareness) and three extrinsic factors that are related to demographic factors, parental indicators, and schooling-environment in determining the English proficiency of Vietnamese people. Data was collected from online questionnaires sent to more than 2500 students from eight famous universities in Vietnam and converted into an excel version before translated into SPSS and EVIEW. Research results show that intrinsic factors, especially learning methods, play a vital role in shaping Vietnamese students’ capability to learn a second language. From educators’ perspectives, the higher level of English exposure the students are equipped at school, the higher their language proficiency. Finally, we compare the difference in learning language ability among genders and ages. The findings suggest that girls and minorities are less proficient in language than others.