This study investigates the contribution of internal auditors to the enhancement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures along with the subsequent impact on the financial performance of firms that are listed on the Saudi Exchange (Tadawul). In the wake of government reforms set forth in Saudi Vision 2030, the study integrates CSR disclosures, audit effectiveness, and financial performance as interdependent constructs. Its findings are based on data that came from survey answers that were provided by 103 internal auditors and financial specialists (with an 81.1% response rate) as well as documentary evidence obtained from 45 firms on the Tadawul that were analyzed for the period 2021–2023 in order to create an index of CSR disclosure and calculate return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The statistical analyses relied on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fixed-effects panel regressions. The results demonstrate a negative correlation between CSR disclosure and financial performance for the entire sample, while the internal auditor construct does not show any significant direct influence. However, the study conducted a further analysis of the data based on company size that showed an important discrepancy: among the large companies there is a significant positive correlation between CSR disclosures and audit effectiveness in relation to ROA and ROE, while the overall correlation is negative. This conclusion allows for drawing the observation that the effects of CSR disclosure are shaped by company size and the specific pressures imposed by the post-COVID-19 recovery.

The objective of the study is to assess the impact of circular economy practices on financial performance of construction enterprises in Vietnam. The study conducted a survey in 3 months using a survey resulting in 233 valid surveys representing 233 construction enterprises in Vietnam. Using Smart PLS 4.1 software to analyze data, the results show that circular economy practice positively impacts financial performance of circular economy construction and innovation enterprises that play a mediate role in the relationship between circular economy practice and financial performance. Finally, enterprise size has a role to play in moderating impact of circular economy practices on financial performance of construction enterprises in Vietnam.

This study investigates the impact of earnings management on firms’ financial performance by distinguishing between accounting-based performance and market-based valuation, thereby shedding light on whether managed earnings reflect real economic improvements or merely influence reported outcomes in an emerging market context. Using an unbalanced panel of 474 non-financial listed firms in Vietnam over the period 2017–2023, the study employs Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimators. These approaches are particularly suitable for addressing endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and dynamic relationships inherent in earnings management research under a “large N, small T” panel structure. The results reveal that earnings management has a positive and statistically significant effect on accounting-based financial performance (ROA), while its impact on market-based performance (Tobin’s Q) is statistically insignificant. This divergence suggests that managed earnings tend to enhance reported operating performance without being fully capitalized by the market, reflecting persistent information asymmetry and limited market efficiency in the Vietnamese context. The study focuses on accrual-based earnings management and a single emerging market, which may limit generalizability. Future research may incorporate real earnings management measures and cross-country comparisons to strengthen external validity. By simultaneously applying advanced instrumental-variable and dynamic panel techniques, this study provides robust causal evidence on the asymmetric effects of earnings management on accounting versus market performance, contributing to the literature on earnings quality in emerging economies.

The study's objective is to verify the effects of strategic review on the financial performance and risk management of banks in PortSudan City- Sudan. The descriptive analytical approach was used to accomplish the study's goals. By designing and distributing 180 questionnaires, of which 170 were collected. They were analyzed using path analysis using the partial squares technique. The main results indicated a positive effect of a strategic review on the financial performance of Sudanese banks. It also showed the positive effects of a strategic review on the risk management of Sudanese banks. The value of these results is that improved financial performance will make financial reports more reliable and trustworthy; therefore, it may attract more funds from the public. Investors and other stakeholders are interested in the bank's financial position and expected future operating results. They will use this information to prepare risk reports or make important business decisions. Therefore, if external decision-makers provide a reliable positive return, improving risk management will also contribute positively to shareholder value.

This study uses the Resource-Based View (RBV) and technology, organization, and environment (TOE) theories to examine how smart supply chain (SSC) practices affect financial performance (FP) in enterprises of various sizes. Our results show that SSC benefits larger enterprises more financially than smaller firms. SSC has a statistically significant effect on green supply chain management (GSCM) and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP), and the strength of the relationship declines with a decline in firm size. Smaller enterprises are more receptive to competitive pressure and implement GSCM alongside SSC. Our findings show that SSCP improves financial performance, while GSCM does not, even in large enterprises. Further, mediation effects show that GSCM mediates the relationship between SSC and SSCP, whereas it does not mediate between SSC and FP across all sizes. The impact of SSC on FP is sequentially mediated via GSCM and SSCP. Using a non-linear approach (ANN), we also rank independent variables for small, medium, and large firms. Our research provides important implications.

The research aims to examine the role of supply chain strategy on eco-friendly commodity products and competitive advantage to improve financial performance of plastic recycling industries, export commitments and circular economic regulations as an intervening variable to see whether it will be better. This research involved a saturated sample of 176 employees in plastic recycle industries. Quantitative analysis was carried out through a survey approach using questionnaires and the Smart-PLS model structural analysis method. The interesting finding of this study is the eco-friendly commodity supply chain strategic and competitive advantage of plastic recycling products has a positive effect to improve financial performance. The circular economy regulation has a positive support also in this effect as well without any export commitment to the Indonesia plastic recycling industry. The importance of optimizing local resources in the eco-friendly commodities as recycling products to become a competitive advantage will be potentially in the export market.

Financial performance is an evaluation of a company's assets, liabilities, equity, expenses, revenues, and profitability. This evaluation provides an overview of the company's overall financial health during a certain period. Resource Based Theory states several factors that can affect financial performance, namely intellectual capital and competitive advantage. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The observed population of this research is all BPRs in Bali Province which are still operating in 2017 - 2021. Determination of the sample in this study using the census method or saturated sample so that the sample used in this study was 133 BPRs in Bali Province. The analysis technique used in this research is path analysis with Eviews version 9.0 software. The test results show that intellectual capital has no effect on financial performance, intellectual capital has a positive effect on competitive advantage, competitive advantage has a positive effect on financial performance and competitive advantage is able to mediate the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance. The results of this study are expected to contribute to various interested parties, namely the development of Resource Based Theory as a theoretical benefit and BPR management, government, OJK, society and the banking industry as practical beneficiaries.

The economy of Bali heavily relies on the tourism sector, leading to economic vulnerability. There are numerous challenges in Bali's economy, with COVID-19 being one of the most prominent examples. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bali's economy experienced the deepest contraction and slowest recovery compared to other provinces in Indonesia. Amid this economic vulnerability, it is important to conduct research on the financial resilience of SMEs in Bali. This research aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy on financial resilience, as well as the mediating role of financial performance and fintech adoption on the impact of financial literacy on financial resilience among SMEs in Bali. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a sample of 177 SMEs in Bali, selected through non-probability sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with SEM-PLS in SmartPLS 3.0 program. The test results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant influence on financial resilience, financial performance, and fintech adoption. Financial performance and fintech adoption also have a positive and significant impact on financial resilience. Furthermore, financial performance and fintech adoption can partially mediate the influence of financial literacy on financial resilience in SMEs in Bali. The findings of this research are beneficial for the development of Knowledge-Based View theory and Technology Acceptance Model, as well as for SMEs in Bali and the government as policy makers in efforts to enhance financial resilience.

Several models have been developed to predict financial difficulties and corporate bankruptcy. In this research various models were employed, including the Altman model (referred to as the Z-Score), the Springate model (known as the S-Score), the Zmijewski model (designated as the X-Score), and the Grover model (referred to as the G-Score). These techniques serve the purpose of evaluating the likelihood of encountering financial difficulties, which in turn determines the probability of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk going bankrupt. The study utilized secondary data sourced from financial statements spanning the years from 2020 to 2022. The application of the Altman model for bankruptcy prediction revealed that PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero), Tbk experienced financial distress throughout the period from 2020 to 2022. According to the Springate model, the company was in a state of distress and declared bankruptcy in 2020 and 2022, while 2021 fell into a grey area. The Zmijewski model indicated that the company was on the brink of bankruptcy, with financial difficulties and a potential risk of bankruptcy within the next three years. Grover's model predicted bankruptcy for the company in 2020 and 2022, but indicated safety in 2021. Notably, the Taffler model emerged as the most accurate in forecasting bankruptcy, boasting a 100% accuracy rate with no errors. Meanwhile, the Zmijewski model achieved an 81.25% accuracy rate with an error rate of 18.75%, and the Springate model exhibited the lowest accuracy in bankruptcy prediction, scoring only 12.50% accuracy with an error rate of 87.50%.

This study examines how corporate governance dimensions relate to financial performance in Jordanian firms and whether ownership structure moderates these relationships. Quantitative analysis was conducted using secondary data on 69 companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2017-2022. Multivariate regression tested effects of board, transparency, ethics, and compliance indices on performance measured by Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE. Moderated regression analyzed the contingency role of ownership concentration. Board size, independence, transparency, ethical conduct and legal compliance had significant positive impacts on valuations and profitability, supporting agency and stakeholder perspectives. Ownership concentration strengthened board monitoring but dampened transparency effects. The findings highlight the importance of governance practices like board oversight, disclosure and ethics for improving Jordanian firms' performance. Ownership contingencies suggest adapting governance mechanisms to concentrated structures. This study provides rare empirical evidence on the under-researched Jordanian context. Examining interactive effects of ownership brings new insights regarding concentrated emerging markets.