This study analyzes the influence of community-based business management, focused on vicuña conservation, on socioeconomic development in a National Reserve in Peru. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), a model integrating operations management (Oa), resource management (Ro), and environmental impact (Ia) was evaluated as determinants of business performance (De) and social welfare (Sc). The results reveal that the model has high explanatory power, with an R² of 0.63 for performance and 0.59 for socioeconomic development. Environmental impact was identified as the strongest predictor of community welfare (β = 0.420, t = 8.115), followed by operations management on organizational performance (β = 0.350, t = 7.778). All hypotheses were accepted with significance levels of p < 0.001, demonstrating that efficiency in vicuña fiber harvesting (chaccu) and sound environmental governance reduce the economic vulnerability of Andean populations. It is concluded that vicuña conservation is not only an ecological imperative but also a strategic asset that, under an organized community-based business structure, allows for poverty alleviation and the sustainability of livelihoods. The study provides empirical evidence for the design of public policies that harmonize biodiversity preservation with economic growth.

Achieving a more conscious Peruvian citizenry and strengthening prosocial values that allow for the construction of a more ethical and sustainable consumer culture in the country seems increasingly distant, but diagnosing the problem could be a first step. In this regard, this study carried out the process of translating and validating the ethical beliefs scale, which, after undergoing a restructuring process, consisted of 16 items and 3 dimensions. The participation of 500 Peruvian consumers was obtained. After statistical processing, an adequate model fit was found (CMIN/DIF = 3.85; CFI = 0.936; SRMR = 0.076; RMSEA = 0.076). The aim is to gain a better understanding of ethical consumption through the diagnosis of this variable. The results could serve as a basis for transforming the worldview of companies, government, and society in order to achieve fair consumption.

The objective of this research was to analyze the mediating role of academic motivation in the relationship between academic tutoring and academic performance among students at a private university in Huancayo. The study adopted a quantitative, explanatory, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 10,000 students, from which a stratified probability sample of 370 participants was obtained. Data collection was carried out using Likert-type questionnaires validated by expert judgment and with adequate internal consistency (α > 0.84). The analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), applying bootstrapping of 5,000 subsamples to evaluate the statistical significance of the coefficients. The results showed that academic guidance (β = 0.401, p < 0.001) and pedagogical support (β = 0.385, p < 0.001) significantly influence academic motivation, while the latter directly and significantly impacts academic performance (β = 0.540, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mediation effect of academic motivation was found to be partial, given that the dimensions of tutoring also had significant direct effects on performance. The structural model explained 58% of the variance in academic performance (R² = 0.58), indicating a substantial explanatory capacity of the set of variables included. It is concluded that academic tutoring is most effective when it strengthens students' internal motivational processes, consolidating an integrative approach to improving university performance.

In Peru, micro and small enterprises (MSEs) form the backbone of the economy. However, the reality is that this sector is characterized by informality, especially in more remote areas. Faced with this reality and the advancement of digital transformation, various digital financial services now exist that effectively contribute to the inclusion of these MSEs within the financial system through the payment and receipt of transfers, the issuance of electronic receipts and invoices, and the payment of tax obligations. The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of digital financial inclusion and the adoption of electronic invoicing on the level of formalization of MSEs in the Junín region. This research is quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional, with an explanatory design. Multiple linear regression was used for statistical analysis, with a sample of 381 formally registered micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the provinces of Huancayo, Tarma, Satipo, and Chanchamayo. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using standard econometric techniques The results obtained demonstrate that the adoption of electronic invoicing in SMEs has positive and significant effects on their level of formalization. It was also observed that the adoption of both tools generates a complementary effect greater than that of either tool alone. These results highlight the importance of integrating digital innovation policies, financial education, and tax simplification as a strategy to promote formalization. This research contributes new knowledge to previous studies on business formalization, as it is analyzed using multivariate evidence within a specific context and offers results that can be used to improve and strengthen formal businesses in areas with high levels of informality.

This article explores the impact of human capital on the process of economic expansion of Peru’s central region between 2009 and 2022, using data from INEI and MEF. A non-experimental design with panel data was applied, along with two econometric approaches: The Feasible Generalized Least Squares estimation method (FGLS) as well as the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimation, which was used to analyze how human capital stock and investment influence real GDP. The analyzed dimensions were education and health, measured through institutional indicators, teaching staff, health coverage, and public expenditure. The results reveal positive and significant effects, with the models explaining 82% and 78% of GDP variability, highlighting public spending on education as the main determinant. In summary, human capital—both in terms of stock and investment—constitutes an essential factor in regional economic growth, reinforcing the need to strengthen public and economic policies in Peru’s central macro-region.

The COVID-19 phenomenon led to an increase in the digitalization of the tourism sector, reducing the demand for services and affecting business performance. There is no doubt that leadership plays a fundamental role in the management of organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to delve deeper into the study of the collaborative style to build social capital and measure the impact it can generate on the performance of tourism companies. The influence of collaborative leadership, in its dimensions of resources and work environment, as well as the mobilization of interest groups, on financial and non-financial performance was analyzed, in addition to the mediation of social capital in this relationship. It was carried out under a quantitative approach, not experimenting in the design, taking the data only once, the sample was made up of 782 representatives of Peruvian tourism companies, using self-administered questionnaires and SEM for the analysis. The results indicate that resources and the work environment positively impact financial performance, but not social capital. Furthermore, stakeholder management influences both non-financial performance and social capital. Likewise, it is confirmed that social capital positively affects both dimensions of organizational performance. A partial mediation of social capital was found, as stakeholder management was associated with non-financial performance, with no mediation in the relationship between resources and work environment on financial performance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen collaborative leadership to improve the performance levels of companies that provide tourism services.

Servant leadership is a leadership approach that focuses fundamentally on service to others. In educational contexts, servant leadership has become an attractive topic for research. The main objective of this research was to analyze the last 11 years of scientific production from the Scopus database on servant leadership in educational settings (2013-2023). 48 publications analyzed using bibliometric indicators were taken as a data source. The analysis includes visualization, bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence, and co-authorship analysis. The results of the study show that collaborative research networks between countries around the world were examined, with the United States emerging as the dominant contributor, followed by Indonesia, India, China, and Peru, with the period 2020 and 2022 being those with the highest scientific production, also validating that K. Dahleez, KF Latif, and F. Marimon were the most influential contributors in scientific production and citations; however, A. Abbas has made a greater contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 4, Quality education. The major legacy has focused on two main thematic areas, the Social Sciences and Business, Management and Accounting. The analysis of the main keywords revealed a deep research interest, highlighting the extension and diversity of the concepts of servant leadership, higher education, education, teachers, knowledge hiding, learning, leadership and life satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of international cooperation in the field of cultural research and the need for countries to develop research capital to address knowledge gaps. These findings reveal research trends for future studies, influential authors, and co-authorships across countries, helping researchers identify gaps and future directions. The findings may facilitate the development and use of servant leadership in educational settings to improve outcomes as a sector.

This study analyzes the effects of external debt management—specifically debt-for-education swaps—on educational outcomes in native communities of the Central Peruvian Jungle. Based on cross-sectional data from 22 educational jurisdictions, the research applies a multivariate framework incorporating financial, institutional, and governance variables. Multiple linear regression models reveal that both the number of debt-financed educational projects and the volume of swapped debt are significantly associated with reductions in illiteracy and improvements in enrollment and completion rates. The analysis further indicates that institutional design plays a critical role: simplified contractual arrangements and higher perceived transparency correlate with better educational performance, whereas overly complex agreements tend to reduce program effectiveness. Although the model demonstrates explanatory strength regarding infrastructure and access, its predictive capacity is limited in the case of Intercultural Bilingual Education, suggesting the need for complementary cultural and pedagogical strategies. The findings underscore the strategic value of debt swaps as equity-oriented financing tools and contribute to broader debates on the role of fiscal instruments in advancing inclusive human capital development in structurally excluded regions.

University Social Responsibility (USR) programs are closely linked to comprehensive student education, as they integrate academic learning with ethical, social, and civic development; these programs not only strengthen students' technical knowledge, but also promote values such as solidarity, commitment, and empathy by involving them in community actions and projects oriented to the common good; This study sought to establish the degree of connection between USR and comprehensive university education. A basic type study with a quantitative approach and correlational level, the survey technique and the instrument were used, the questionnaire called University Social Responsibility and Comprehensive Student Education. The population consisted of 221 students from the Faculty of Engineering of a public university in the department of Junín - Peru , the inclusion criterion being enrolled in the 2025-I academic period. The data were processed through structural equations (SEM); Within the results, we can see a Spearman Rho correlation coefficient of 0.831 with a significance level of 0.001, which demonstrates a positive and strong association between the variables studied. Furthermore, the general hypothesis of a significant relationship between University Social Responsibility and the comprehensive development of students is validated.

Social media plays a fundamental role in shaping eating habits, especially among young people, since their use through digital platforms has transformed the way they access information about nutrition, recipes, diets, and healthy lifestyles. Constant exposure to visual content and messages related to food directly influences daily decisions about what, how, and when to eat. The study aimed to establish the relationship of social media with eating habits in university students from a private university in the city of Huancayo, located in the Junín region of Peru. The research was basic under a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional section, the population was made up of 311 university students enrolled in the 2025-I academic period. The results were processed through structural equations using the Jamovi program. These results indicate a high degree of relationship between the study variables, given that the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient was 0.832 and 0.000 as the significance level, demonstrating a strong, positive relationship. The study concluded that there was a strong, significant relationship between the dimensions of the social media use variable (network use, platform type, social interaction, and personal and social impact) and eating habits.