The basic principle of management is to manage resources of the organization effectively and efficiently to achieve the organization’s objectives. The function of management includes: planning, organizing, placing people, directing and controlling different tasks. The four important cases in improving education quality are, first, national policies which covers curriculum, national exam, teach-er’s distribution and recruitment. Second, headmaster’s leadership which covers financial transpar-ency, the ecosystem relationships which run in school between teachers and headmaster, parents with teacher, or teacher with students and all existing educational staffs in educational units. Third, infrastructure which covers facilities and infrastructures associated with class, laboratory, or infor-mational technology and communication. Fourth, fun learning process, innovation and creativity, potential, skill and teacher’s ability. The study provides an empirical view for the relationship be-tween educational learning and leadership management, learning teaching, school climate and overall quality of education in the region of Indonesia. Both CFA and structural equation modelling tech-niques are applied for the causal effects of the selected explanatory variables on quality of education. Findings of the study indicate that educational learning and leadership management, learning teach-ing and school climate influence on quality of education, positively.

The rate of foreign tourist arrivals coming to Vietnam as an emerging tourism market has been increased significantly bringing enormous benefits for improving the socio-economic indicators. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of exchange rate policy on the number of foreign tourist arrivals in Vietnam over the period 2006-2018. Our regression results show the exchange rate maintained a positive impact on the demand of foreign tourists and indicate that the domestic currency devaluation also had a positive effect on the number of foreign tourists to Vietnam. Besides, the quantitative result also indicates the number of foreign tourist arrival in the early periods had a positive impact on itself in the current period. Furthermore, the Granger causality test con-firms the existence of a one-way causal relationship between the exchange rate and the number of foreign tourist arrivals. Finally, the paper provides some implications for policymakers in order to efficiently use the exchange rate policy to increase the number of foreign tourist arrivals in the coming time.

Nowadays, Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play essential role for the development of the economy. Thus, any improvement on the performance of such organizations may contribute significantly on overall economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of business sphere on competitive advantage and business performance. In addition we study the effects of the competitive advantage on business performance of SMEs through a quantitative approach and by considering 50 businessman SMEs built by Surabaya Trade Service Department. Data collection in this study was prepared by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis technique used in this research is SEM analysis with PLS. The results indicate that: (1) business sphere influences on business performance of SMEs under the Surabaya Trade Service Department; (2) business sphere has substantial influence on competitive advantage of SMEs in the Surabaya Trade Service Department; (3) competitive advantage sphere has substantial influence to business performance of SMEs built by Surabaya Trade Service Department.

Students’ loyalty enhances sustainability and survival rate of higher education institutions. Successful university managers and higher education thrive to improve service quality and to build loyalty among local and international students to sustain under the globalization. The aim of this research was to investigate the mediation effect of some key long-term relationship antecedent variables such as trust, satisfaction, and commitment between the perceived service quality and student loyalty latent variables. The relationship between the constructs in the instrument was tested through Partial Least squares (PLS) structural equations methodology using SmartPLS 3 program. The results of this research show that perceived service quality impacts loyalty specifically through commitment. Students’ loyalty is significantly influenced by commitment. However, student satisfaction has no significant direct effects on loyalty. Student trust has a negative effect on student loyalty so the results indicate that commitment fully mediates the effects of perceived service quality on student loyalty. Hence, university managers revitalize and sustain students’ loyalty if along with high quality services they also stimulate bonds and students identification with the university by reinforcing emotional force such as commitment.

The telecommunications industry plays an important role in the socioeconomic development. In Vietnam, this is one of the industries with rapid growth but unsustainable, promoting the development in width without focusing on depth development. To aim for sustainable growth and deep development, every enterprise needs to consider and implement innovative work behavior (IWB). By both qualitative and quantitative methods, the author focused on researching IWB of Vietnam telecom-munications enterprise employees. The results showed that the behavior of innovation should be considered both the behavior of innovative work of individuals and the behavior of innovative work of individuals and colleagues. At the same time, the study also concluded that there were differences in gender, age, education qualification and working experience of Vietnam telecommunication enterprise employees when evaluating and scoring two scales of acts of innovation. Research results contributed both theoretically and practically to scholars and managers of Vietnam telecommunications enterprises.

Automotive industry in Malaysia started in 1985 with the launch of the first national car. However after thirty years, overall performance of the industry is still far behind the neighboring countries like Thailand and Indonesia which ranked first and second top producers in the automotive industry. In order for the automotive players in Malaysia to be globally competitive, innovation is an important element to drive competitiveness. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between NAP strategies and innovation performance in the Malaysian automotive component industry. NAP was launched in 2006 with six main directions and strategies. Study is focused on local automotive vendor and a completed survey was completed with 300 respondents. Data was ana-lyzed through structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0. Empirical evidence shows that NAP supports all types of innovation among automotive vendors in Malaysia. The study also found innovation mediates between National Automotive Policy (NAP) and vendor’s performance except in the process innovation. This supported previous research in this area where government policy partially mediates on firm competitiveness. The finding of the study suggests NAP is still relevant for the automotive vendors in Malaysia in improving innovation and performance.

The aim of this study was to test the impact of organizational values on employee performance in banking industry in Kurdistan region. Four groups of organizational values are identified in this study based on a study accomplished by Woodcock and Francis (1989) [Woodcock & Francis, 1989).Unblocking organizational values. 1st ed., USA.]; namely managing tasks values, managing environment values, managing organization values, and managing relationship values. These were determined as independent variables and employee performance was considered as a dependent variable. Researchers assumed there is a statistically significant correlation between organizational values and employee performance. The primary data used in this study were collected from a sample of 75 employees in different banks in Kurdistan region. The data were analyzed by using correlation and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS software. The results illustrate that organizational values were significantly and positively associated with employee performance in banking industry in Kurdistan region, and the strength of the correlation coefficient vary from one variable to another. Managing tasks received the highest value, with a correlation coefficient of 0.636 when the level of significant was one percent.

A noteworthy feature in the monetary policy decision making is that interest rate can play a significant role in addressing economic uncertainty. Although the empirical studies on monetary policy reaction function routinely include the output gap and the inflation, not many studies take into account the exchange rate uncertainty and terms of trade uncertainty. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper examines the monetary policy reaction function by including the external economic uncertainty. Based on 30 selected countries, the estimation is relaxed by using the panel heterogeneous cointegration technique. The findings suggest that (i) the interest rate can serve as an important instrument for the central bank policy decision making to combat the economic uncertainty arising from output, inflation, exchange rate and terms of trade (TOT), and (ii) the economic uncertainty (i.e., output uncertainty, inflation uncertainty, exchange rate uncertainty and TOT uncertainty) can serve as a useful information for monetary policy action to avoid and/or mitigate a negative impact of uncertainty.

The study aims to examine the volatility transmission between the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price returns and the U.S. stock market (S&P500 index) returns for the period 2006-2016. In the empirical analyses, univariate GARCH and multivariate GARCH (BEKK-GARCH) models are employed to investigate potential volatility spillover effect of crude oil price returns on the S&P500 index returns or vice versa. The results of GARCH methods reveal that (i) volatility spill-over effect of S&P500 index returns on the crude oil returns is more significant than the volatility spillover effect of crude oil on the S&P500 index returns by using univariate GARCH model; and (ii) there is a one way volatility spillover effect that runs from S&P500 index returns to crude oil returns when we apply multivariate BEKK-GARCH model. These findings have implications for in-vestors and oil-stock portfolio holders for their portfolio decisions in order to manage their risks on their international investments. Further, crude oil investment participants should consider the changes in U.S. stock market index returns in order to predict the expected volatility in the crude oil returns.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to identify the effects of different factors on the performance of North western public hospitals in Vietnam. Data were collected by using questionnaire delivered to 426 participants drawing from 42 public hospitals in the Northwest provinces of Vietnam. The study used correlation regression to determine the effects of different factors on the performance of the hospitals. The study used balanced score card method to study the effects of non-financial along with financial factors on the performance of the hospitals. The results show that financial figures were the most important factors influencing on the performance of the hospitals followed by customer, mission, internal process, training and staff development. Based on the research results, some key recommendations were proposed aiming to improve the performance of the public hospitals in Vietnam.