Management is the basis of all necessary changes required for any organization. In order to reach organizational objectives, it is necessary to use human resources as effectively as possible. All management team members need to know about their own thinking as well as their ideas on reaching common objectives with better outcomes. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to study the relationship between leadership style and perceived organizational effectiveness by directors and managers in organizations. The proposed study distributes a questionnaire consists of 37 questions among some management team of Agricultural ministry in one of the provinces of Iran. The main hypothesis of this survey examines the positive relationship between leadership style and perceived organizational effectiveness. The other hypothesis is associated with the supportive leadership style and perceived organization effectiveness and the third question is associated with democratic leadership style and perceived organization effectiveness. The results of Spearman-Pearson test confirm all three results, which indicate there is a meaningful and positive relationship between leadership style and perceived organizational effectiveness.

In this paper, we perform an empirical investigation to examine the impact different factors on compatible and discordant couples. The survey is performed in one of western regions of Iran near the city of Esfahan. In our study, we choose two groups of people from the population with no family dispute and from the people who have requested divorce. They are asked to fill in a questionnaire and the results are analyzed. We used Chi-square tests to verify any meaningful difference between compatible and discordant couples on different issues. The survey concludes that compatible and discordant couples were different in their motivation, marital satisfaction, continued incentive generation, finding better position among relatives and accomplishing their religious duties to get married.

Service quality represents a modern approach for quality in enterprises and organizations and serves the development of a truly customer-focused management and culture. Measuring service quality offers an immediate, meaningful and objective feedback about clients & apos; preferences and expectations. In this paper, we study the relationship between customer perceptions from service encounter quality and loyalty of customer to organization and employees. The proposed study is implemented for banking sector in Iran using SERVQUAL factors and considers various factors influencing the quality of service. The results of the survey indicate that service quality systems, customer satisfaction are the most desirable factors based on the feedback we received from the customers. In addition, response to customers and loyalty to employees, service encounter quality, service and loyalty to organization, arrangements are in the next levels, respectively.

International film market of Iran (IFM) is one of the most important presenters of different films and television programs to be sold in the world market especially in Middle East. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate different methods to promote this market. The study uses a questionnaire and distributes it among buyers and sales agents of IFM. The results of hypothetic tests prove that the socio-cultural factors are the most important reasons for the participants. Another important criterion promoting sales of movies is different awards from various movie festivals dedicated to moviemakers. The opening date and place of market, publication and publicity are other important criteria influencing sales of movies. The paper illustrates film-marketing mix for film marketers. Indicators, which are important for participants in international film festivals, are also illustrated for international film market holders.

Green management plays an important role having better environment friendly industry and it is one of the prominent methods for reducing future issues surrounding our planet. The present study presents an empirical study of the implementation of green management for a real-world case study of steel industry. The study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among some experts from a steel industry. One of the main objectives of the survey is to investigate whether the firm is in good conditions in terms of green management perspective and the preliminary results of our survey indicate that the company received 340.6 points out 1000 points, which means the present conditions of the firm is quite unfavorable. There are many reasons describing the present conditions of the firm such as the lack of an integrated responsibility, weak management support and involvement, shortage of financial support, etc. The study also provides some guidelines for having better green management outcomes, which are setting better accounting procedures for evaluating the cost/benefit of projects and priding sufficient financial support for projects.

Sport tourism plays an important role on developing economy and it can create tremendous opportunities for developing non-industrial regions. It is also the fastest growing sector in the global travel industry and generates hundreds of billions of dollars per year. The proposed study of this paper surveys different factors influencing sport tourist activities. The study distributes a questionnaire among 100 randomly chosen tourists in the province of Ardebil, Iran and the results are analyzed. The results indicate that Cronbach Alpha is 87.7 percents, which validates the reliability of our results. Based on the results, the region has tremendous opportunities for sport tourism such as water treatment. There are other opportunities in the province such as beautiful nature, historical monuments, mountains, etc. Unfortunately, the survey reveals that people are not aware of these places and governmental media must spend more efforts on introducing these opportunities.

Recreational activities play important role on workers & apos; health conditions and improve people & apos; s creativity. Steel industry is one of industries, where workers mainly face with hard working conditions. There are various techniques to help human resources increase their potentials such as providing recreational centers, athletic facilities, etc. In this paper, we study the impact of regular swimming exercises on improving the efficiency of employees in management level in a steel complex unit called Mobarakeh Steel Complex. In this company, there were about 85 middle level managers and supervisors and the proposed study selects 30 people, randomly and divides them into two equal groups. In the first stage of the study, questionnaire of vocational relation are distributed among the participants of this study and some important factors, which could improve vocational relationships are measured. Next, the experimental groups are invited to take part in some selective aerobic programs for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week and 1 hour and 15 minutes per session, regularly. Finally, we repeat the same experiments after the aerobic programs end and compare the results with the first one. The preliminary results indicate that the routine swimming programs have increased people self confidence, creativity and working group skills.

The main objective of the present research is to examine trends change in climatic elements in the north of Iran. The daily data of minimum and maximum temperatures and precipitation of 6 stations of the area under study are retrieved from Iranian meteorological organization and the are used to calculate other parameters such as average and range of temperature in seasonal and annual scale. Then, Mann Kendal and T-test methods are used for cal-culating the change in aforementioned climatic parameters on seasonal and annual scale. The results of the research indicate a meaningful increasing trend in minimum, maximum and mean temperature and a meaningful decreasing trend in temperature range. Precipitation on seasonal and annual scale do not have significant trends.

In this paper, we present an empirical study for ranking different barriers on developing e-business in one of the free zones called Kish Island in. This Island is located in south part of Iran and it is one of the most beautiful free zones of this country with tremendous opportunities for tourism industry. The proposed study gathers important factors in five different groups of economical, social and cultural, political, technology and software packages. In each group, decision makers determine various influencing factors and after three rounds of brainstorming, analytical hierarchy process is used to rank these factors. Based on the results, the lack of a good infrastructure (0.206), the lack of good culture among ordinary people to use e-businesses (0.205), the lack of good knowledge on internet services among ordinary people (0.204) are some of the most important factors preventing e-business in this region.