Like freedom of India, the demonetization reform was also unveiled in India during the midnight by the Indian Government and it was declared that one thousand and five hundred rupee notes would no longer be legal tender effective from 8th November 2016. At the same time, the Reserve Bank of India issued new two thousand rupee notes and new five hundred rupee notes on November, 10, 2016. This initiative was taken by the Central Government with the aim of preventing corruption, reducing black money and counterfeit currency notes. There was a significant impact on the entire Indian economy system and it was urged the citizens to switch to alternative modes of payment due to non-availability of hot currency i.e., e-payments, hence people faced many problems in all transactions after demonetization especially in service sectors. This paper performs a questionnaire based survey by collecting the necessary data from 629 beneficiaries/customers of service sector organisations in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu state, India during November-December 2017 to measure the effects of demonetization after a year. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Structural Equations Model) was used to analyse the relationship between the effect, sustainability and the impact on the customer satisfaction. The study found that demonetization based on Adoptability, Implementation, Readiness and Acceptance of new payment methods significantly influenced the customer satisfaction under service sector. The effects of different factors such as Approach, Availability, Time, Delivery and Infrastructure also had significant contribution towards the customers’ satisfaction.

This study examines the effect of strategic management on work performance through organizational commitment, and the influence of strategic management and organizational commitment on employee performance who worked at Muhammadiyah University of Indonesia. The sample used according to the calculation of cluster sampling probability proportionate to size model (PPS) with the formulation of Slovin which yielded 386 employees at 12 muhammadiyah universities in Indonesia. The developed instrument combines part of the existing questionnaire related to strategic management, organizational commitment, and work performance, using the Likert Method of Suc-cessive Interval (MSI) scale. The data were analyzed by regression equation using SPSS 21 soft-ware. The findings of this study concluded that strategic management and organizational commit-ment affect the performance of employees. Moreover, strategic management along with organiza-tional commitment affect the performance of employees. Finally, the effect of strategic management factors under the title of understanding of planning, adequacy to company, and utilization along with organizational commitment is observed positive on the work achievements. For the better un-derstanding, the effects of these factors should also be observed as presented through regression findings of the study. Based on such findings, it is suggested that management of the selected universities should consider the integration between strategic management, organizational commitment, and work achievements.

This paper examines the relationship between public policy and education management in Indonesia by looking at various indicators influencing the public policy and the education management. For education management, factors like education achievement at elementary & higher school, college enrolment, job market in both local and international levels and social development are observed. Public policy is studied through work force development, higher education, brain drain, public safety, constitutional convention, job approval, legislature and operation policies. To examine this association, a survey questionnaire is developed and presented on various respondents regarding public policy and education management. A sample of 327 respondents is empirically examined and it is observed that the effect of work force development on elementary school achievement was significant while the effect of brain drains, job approval and legislature were crucial for the presented indicators of education management. Further studies can be conducted while considering other aspects of both public policy and education.
The editors of Management Science Letters retract this article [1] due to severe irrelevant and unusual citations on this paper from other sources.

High rates in turnover of skilled employees can turn to be a very significant concern in organizations world-wide. Turnover affects productivity, product or service quality and of course profitability. As Human Resources (HR) activities can be considered as a primary source of sustainable competitive advantage in organisations, it would also play a major role in employees’ intention to stay or to leave. This paper examines the influence of different human resource practices on employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment and eventually on job turnover with a focus on the governmental sector in the State of Qatar. In order to develop such investigation, a model was suggested and an online questionnaire was developed and distributed. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of more than 250 highly ranked employees in Qatar. Statistical correlations were conducted to examine the relationships among variables under investigation. The results show that positive relationships were observed between the HR practices under investigation and job satisfaction and organizational commitment which indicate intention to stay.

This study was conducted to measure the level of economic linkage in key economic zones in central Vietnam generally and to measure the level of economic linkage in the tourism sector. Secondary data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook published by the General Statistics Office and the Local Bureau of Statistics and primary data collected from surveys of 102 hotels and tourism firms in the center of Vietnam. We used the Moran Index (I) to quantify overall economic aggregation across the region and that scoring method was used to measure the degree of linkage in regional tourism. The results show that the level of overall regional economic linkages was very low and this was also relevant when analyzing the tourism sector in some areas of the center of Vietnam. Based on the results, some recommendations are given for strengthening economic linkages in key economic regions of Vietnam.

The scaling of social innovation is an important issue in social enterprises for sustainability. The scenario is due to the social enterprise capabilities to ensure the social program’s impact on society to become wider and deeper. Thus, social innovation helps to identify the social problems and target actions to address the social complex problems by social enterprise capabilities. This study investigates the factors of social enterprise capabilities in enhancing social innovation for sustainabil-ity and for eliminating the social barriers. In addition, the study discusses the relationship between social enterprise capabilities to scale social innovation. The study uses cross-sectional design and collects the necessary data from 136 social enterprises in Malaysia for the survey. The findings show that social enterprise capabilities for earning generation, replicating, and stimulating had a positive relationship with scaling social innovation when the level of significance was 0.05. Accordingly, the social enterprise owners are required to improve their capabilities to reach a higher scale of social innovation for growth and sustainability.

The constrained applications of conventional machining processes in generating complex shape ge-ometries with the desired degree of tolerance and surface finish in various advanced engineering materials are being gradually compensated by the non-traditional machining (NTM) processes. These NTM processes usually have higher procurement, maintenance, operating and tooling cost. Hence, in order to attain their maximum machining performance, they are usually operated at their optimal or near optimal parametric settings which can easily be determined by the application of dif-ferent optimization techniques. In this paper, 133 international research papers published during 2012-16 on parametric optimization of NTM processes are extensively reviewed to have an idea on the selected process parameters, observed responses, work materials machined and optimization techniques employed in those processes while generating varying part geometries for their industrial use. It is observed that electro discharge machining is the mostly employed NTM process, applied voltage is the identified process parameter with maximum importance, surface roughness and material removal rate are the two maximally preferred responses, different steel grades are the mostly machined work materials and grey relational analysis is the most popular tool utilized for para-metric optimization of NTM processes. These observations would help the process engineers to attain the machining performance of the NTM processes at their fullest extents for different work material and shape feature combinations.

Increased demand for transportation is inevitable along with the growth of social welfare and economic development. Furthermore, providing cheap transportation services has brought about a bulk of benefits in the ever-expanding development of countries. Therefore, the optimization of fuel consumption in the transportation sector is essential for the continued low cost of transportation and reduced amount of pollution caused by the traffic. A major strategy for optimizing fuel consumption and transportation costs in the transportation of goods and passengers is the proper design of transportation networks. Accordingly, in this study, hub covering location problem is modeled taking into account the queuing system in order to minimize the cost of the whole network as well as to minimize emissions of greenhouse gases. The model presented in this study includes uncertain parameters of demand and transportation costs. To control the parameters, a robust-box optimization method is used. As the hub covering network model is multi-objective and NP-hard, three meta-heuristic algorithms; namely MOPSO, NSGA II and MOALO are presented. Computational results show the high efficiency of the MOALO algorithm for obtaining efficient problem-solving in large sizes.

Poor urban planning and traffic congestion lead to excessive delays in workers’ transit times and decrease their quality of life, especially in emerging countries. Several medium and large companies have a need to hire a transport service for their staff. In this type of transportation system, there is a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, which are assigned to a set of predefined routes. However, the total transport delay can be even greater if the private transportation system is inefficient or not controlled. The approach proposed in this study seeks to optimize the private transport service by defining the best allocation of its fleet to its routes. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize user wait times. This approach is validated using real data obtained from a transport company in Co-lombia. The results demonstrate the quantitative benefits that can be achieved when the proposed approach is implemented, represented by a considerable reduction in user wait times.

Financial management faces 3 important decisions, namely funding, investment and dividends. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the fundamental factors such as leverage in financial management. Leverage is one of the factors of funding, investment and dividends that interdependently affect the value of the company. The method used in this study uses 2SLS (two-stage least square). There are 4 (four) equations in this study, namely the equation of leverage, investment, dividend and company value. Interdependence is shown based on leverage, investment and dividends. In the interdependence equation leverage, investment and dividends not only on one side act as endogenous variables but also act as exogenous variables on the equation of the company values. The results of the research on leverage equations show that investment affects leverage but dividends do not affect leverage. The investment equation shows the results of both leverage and dividend variables would not affect investment decision. Dividend equation also shows that leverage and investment variables also do not affect dividends. Moreover, the results of the company value equation show that the leverage variable would not affect the value of the company. But in-vestment and dividend variables affect the value of the company. The conclusion of this study is that there was a mutually influential relationship between the three variables of financial management before influencing company value.