This study analyzes the effects of intangible resources on competitive advantage in the banking sector of Nigeria. The marketing related, technological and structural dimensions of intangibles are employed while differentiation and cost leadership strategy are used as components of competitive advantage. The population of the study consists of bank employees of ten deposit money banks in Benin City, Nigeria. A sample size of 300 is adopted for this study. The instrument is a modified 35 item structured questionnaire previously validated by other studies. The study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation technique to evaluate the validity of the measurement and structural model. The hypothesized relations are tested using regression analysis. The results confirm that marketing related, technological and structural categories of intangible resources promoted competitive advantage. It is recommended that bank management should promote the development of their intangible resources.

The speed of mobility of public funds by the banking sector implies the conditions of economic liquidity and internal bank liquidity. The faster the mobility of funds, the more the availability of liquidity for the community, the higher banking profitability, and the lower bank's internal liquidity. The uncontrolled mobility of funds can have severe consequences for both banks and society. As an intermediary financial institution, banking plays the main role to be the intermediary institution between surplus units and deficit units. This study aims to find out the factors influencing funds mobilization by Regional Development Bank (RDB) in Indonesia. The data research is quarterly financial statement secondary data of Indonesian regional banking from 2010 to 2017. There are 26 RDBs as the sample and this research uses regression as the research method. The result shows that regional external economic variables such as GDP, Exchange Rate and Inflation, market concentration, and banking characteristics affected the funds mobilization of Indonesian RDBs. This means the pricing strategy must consider more to external and internal variables of economics. In the future, Indonesian RDBs need to develop specific deposits and credits products to maintain and increase the mobilization of funds function.

To meet the needs of innovation, to improve the competitiveness of information technology based on the professional abilities and resources, internal business is not enough, but there is a need to seek external support through business support services such as market search support, trade promotion, legal advice, human resource training, support supply and technology transfer support. There are several services to support businesses and to increase efficiency when they are developed in both quantity and scale of service provision and quality, as well as service structure. So how do we analyze the factors that affect information technology support services in Vietnam? Answering this question helps to suggest solutions and policies to promote the development of the business support service sector and contributes to the rapid development of information technology enterprises in Vietnam. This paper uses information from a survey data of 315 Vietnamese information technology (IT) of small and medium sized enterprises and 460 support service providers in 2018. Data are processed through STATA software version 14.0, and SPSS 20.0 software. The results indicate the Vietnamese business units need to improve to develop the information technology service market, significantly.

This study aims to investigate employee motivational and environmental factors and their effects on employee retention and organizational performance. Employee retention is predicted by organizational environment, intrinsic motivation, organizational learning, knowledge management, entrepreneurial orientation, external connect and explained R2=76.3% of the variance in employee retention. Therefore, organizational performance is predicted by competitive advantage and employee retention and explained R2=19.9% of the variance in organ-izational performance. Effect size analysis indicates that intrinsic motivation had substantial effect on size when compared with other exogenous variables. The predictive relevance of the model was found substantial revealed Q2=40.5% relevance to predict employee retention. The moderating role of the competitive advantage was confirmed and directs that the positive relationship between employee retention and organizational performance will be stronger when competitive advantage is higher. Finally, results showed that intrinsic motivation had the highest importance level when compared with other constructs. Therefore, manager and policy makers should take into consideration intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership in order to boost employee retention and organizational performance.

This paper investigates factors affecting the profitability of real estate firms in Vietnam by using data of 55 real estate firms listed on Hochiminh and Hanoi stock exchanges over the period 2010-2018. The study applies estimation using panel data which consists of Pooled Regression model (POLS), Fixed Effects model (FEM) and Random effects model (REM). Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is also implemented to resolve some problems such as autocorrelation among the residuals, heteroscedasticity and other potential endogenous problems. In this study, firm profitability is measured by return on assets. Like earlier studies, the findings indicate that the factors determining firm profitability were leverage, age of the firm, current ratio and inflation rate. Moreover, the results also show the impact of economic growth rate on firm profitability. The paper of-fers strong implications for the authorities, real estate firms as well as investors.

The problems of the foreign exchange market and the global financial crisis, the European public debt crisis in 2008-2011 made the economy of Vietnam facing many macroeconomic instabilities. The escalating inflation in 2008 and 2011 posed many challenges for macroeconomic management, especially controlling inflation in Vietnam. The realization of macroeconomic stability and inflation control at a reasonable level from 2012 in Vietnam was assessed to bring about remarkable results. In this article, the authors reviewed the studies of International and Vietnamese inflation, pointed out to the macroeconomic factors affecting inflation in Vietnam. At the same time, the authors used the VAR model to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors including money supply, credit, exchange rates, interest rates, real gross domestic product, international prices, inflation and give some discussions from the VAR model results.

This study investigates the impact of market power on bank financial stability using bank-level data from 24 banks in Vietnam over the 2008-2017 period. In order to measure the degree of market power in the Vietnam banking sector, we compute the separated Lerner index by fixed effect model, random effect model, and Z-score as a measure of financial stability. We use the static and dynamic panel data regression methods to esti-mate the relationship between market power and financial stability. Our results support the “competition - sta-bility” view and show that Vietnamese commercial banks facing little competition tended to be less stable. We also find that size had a positive effect on stability while loan growth rate had a negative effect on financial stability. The study suggests some important policy implications for improving bank stability in Vietnam.

Organizational justice (OJ) has a significant impact on employees' job satisfaction which means the importance of caring and using it in any organization. OJ shows the importance of showing clear interest regarding the procedures related to work such as clearing the rights and duties for employees, providing the employees with opportunities to complain about the decisions, representations of information related to work, decisions and alternatives. Numerous studies are available on this, but Jordan scenario is different due to Arab economic and political conditions. Middle East is recognized due to richness of oil and transportation of oil to other parts of the world. Therefore, the performance of employees directly affects the whole world if the oil industry under performs. The proposed study of this paper is a quantitative survey that empirically verifies whether organizational justice has significant influence on job satisfaction. Data are collected from employees of logistic sector of Jordan city and they are analyzed by multiple regressions through SPSS. The results indicate that organizational justice has a significant impact on employees' job satisfaction. The distributive justice has no impact on job satisfaction which means that there is no effect of delegating authorities and sharing them with employees and no impact of distributing equal opportunities and work schedules on job satisfaction. The procedural justice had an impact on job satisfaction, which means the importance of showing clear interest regarding the procedures related to work. The effect of interactional justice on job satisfaction is found to be relatively high. The study recommends the managers to encourage working by team sole and build good relationships with all the workers, helping the employees to evaluate themselves and seeking to solve the disputes and conflicts fairly.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different factors influencing on employment of accounting graduates in Hanoi, Vietnam. The necessary data were collected using some questionnaires from ac-counting graduates working for enterprises in the area of Hanoi, Vietnam. Based on the data collected, Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and regression model were implemented for learning the effect of each independent variable on employment of accounting graduates. The results show that five determinants including accounting student factor (ASPF), Part-time work before graduation (PWBG), information technology (IT), University factors (UF) and Related legal and policy environment (RLPE) had posi-tive relationships with the employment of accounting graduates. Based on the findings, some recommenda-tions were given for improving the employment of accounting graduates in the area of Hanoi, Vietnam.

Kuwait’s SMEs contribute to the economic growth of the country by creating productive jobs for Kuwaiti youth and professionals and improving income diversification. SMEs in Kuwait are faced with numerous challenges and these problems must be addressed to achieve and ensure longer-term success and better performance. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between the determinants of organizational performance such as entrepreneurial leadership (EL), learning orientation (LO), and innovation capacity (IC) of Kuwaiti's Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study used a quantitative method. A survey questionnaire was administered to gather the data, where the useable data was obtained from 384 of the 500 SME owners and CEOs in Kuwait. The outcomes of this study indicate that entrepreneurial leadership and learning orientation had positive and significant implication on organizational performance. Moreover, the innovation capacity is also found to be a significant mediator in the relationships.