Having a sustainable growth in economy of developing countries requires appropriate infrastructures and part of it depends on gaining market share in international market. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to find out the effects of various factors on helping export for small and mid-cap firms. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale consists of 70 questions and distributes it among some randomly selected small and mid-cap firms. The study considers whether or not improving relationships between countries positively influences on empowering firms and export capabilities. In addition, the study also considers whether or not improving national strategies for developing exports positively influences on empowering firms and export capabilities. The study also tries to find out whether or not changes on rules and regulations harms export capabilities. Using structural equation modeling, the study confirms that empowering small and mid-cap firms contributes the whole economy through boosting export.

Knowledge plays important role on having continuous improvement within organization. Highly skilled employees normally contribute their knowledge within organizations and help others. In this paper, we perform an empirical investigation to find important factors influencing expediting knowledge distribution in one of Iranian organizations. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among a randomly selected employees and using some statistical test, the relationship between knowledge distribution as dependent variables with eight independent variables are investigated. The results of our survey confirm that informal mechanism, building a good trust within organization, having a good interaction among different units of organization, hiring highly committed employees, improving innovation, and learning capabilities within organization may help expedite distribution of knowledge within organization. However, the survey does not find any statistical evidence to believe that formal mechanism, having a good identity and stating objective had any meaningful impact on distributing knowledge within organization.

World Trade Organization (WTO) has been established to facilitate fringe trade in the world and there are many studies associated with the effect of WTO membership on export of various countries. This paper presents an empirical investigation to find the effect of WTO membership on export of Iranian handmade carpet. The survey uses insights from 80 experts who have at least ten years of related job experiences in carpet industry by performing an expletory and using descriptive and quantitative method for analyzing the data. The results of the survey indicate that Iran's membership in WTO will most likely reduce the sales price of handmade carpet. In addition, Iran's membership in WTO will increase scientific and professional power in handmade carpet. It will also help industry get more exposure into international market.

A healthy and good work condition is often involved with other factors such as leadership style, management, etc. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to study the effects of the quality of work life on job satisfaction. The study uses a standard questionnaire and distributes it among all 86 full time employees of two governmental agencies in Iran, Supreme Audit Court and Interior Ministry, and Cronbach alphas has been calculated as 0.92. The main hypothesis of this survey considers the relationship between job satisfaction and quality of work life and there. There are also eleven sub-hypotheses associated with this survey including fair and sufficient payment, safe and healthy work conditions, equal job opportunities, rule of law, service training, integration and social cohesion, human development capabilities, organizational structure, delegation of authority, job satisfaction and employee participation. The results of survey have confirmed that there were some meaningful relationships between the quality of work life on job satisfaction in both organizations.

This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of perception and marketing expenditures as well as financial and non-financial promotions on brand equity. The proposed study of this paper prepares a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among regular customers of three types of Shampoo in city of Tehran, Iran. The implementation of structural equation modeling for the proposed study of this paper has been accomplished based on LISREL software. The results of the survey on testing various hypotheses indicate that perception on marketing expenditure, financial as well as non-financial promotion and word of mouth advertisement influence positively on brand awareness and negatively on non-financial promotions (?=0.01). In addition, brand awareness influences positively on perception quality (?=0.01). Brand awareness as well as brand associate also influence on brand loyalty (?=0.01).

This paper presents an empirical investigation on the effects of brand experience, trust, perception image and brand satisfaction on creating customer loyalty on Iranian laptop market. The proposed study of this paper prepares a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among some university students in province of Qazvin, Iran. The implementation of structural equation modeling for the proposed study of this paper has been accomplished based on LISREL software. Cronbach alphas for experience, satisfaction, loyalty, trust and perception from brand are calculated as 0.71, 0.83, 0.76, 0.69 and 0.86, respectively and they validate the overall questionnaire. The results of the survey on testing various hypotheses indicate that brand experience has positive and meaningful relationship with brand satisfaction, trust, perception image and loyalty. In addition, satisfaction, perception image and trust have positive meaningful with brand loyalty.

In some decades, capitalism countries have suffered from financial crises and the financial crises have created economic recession started from the country of origin and distributed to other counties. The purpose of this paper is to study the global financial crisis effects on the stock price as well as operating profit of some listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE). This research shows the difference between operating profit and the price of the products of the firms before and after the global financial crisis. The aim of this research is to study the effects of the global financial crisis on 133 TSE firms over the period 2004-2011 by considering two periods: Before/after crisis, i.e. 2004-2008 and 2008-2011. The results of testing different hypotheses show that there was a significant difference between the operating profit and the stock price of the firms before and after the global financial crisis on the different industries of the Iranian companies.

Replacement in organization’s employees can results in knowledge loss and turnover faces a serious problem in knowledge based organizations such as knowledge based sectors of governmental organizations. The increases in sizes of some governmental organizations in recent years have increased their structural and contextual dimensions. One of the biggest problems in governmental organizations is employee turnover, which could result to knowledge loss. By using knowledge management it is possible to decrease this phenomenon. This survey identifies the effective factors in implementation of knowledge management system as a solution for preventing knowledge loss. By far this study is the first of its kind in the context of information technology sectors of governmental organizations of ARAK Province of Iran.

Earnings management via discretionary accruals is a manager's instrument for changing stock holders’ expectations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of discretionary accruals in the earnings management of Iranian firms. There are two hypotheses associated with this study on the relationship between income smoothness and discretionary accruals and the proposed study is implemented on selected firms from Tehran Stock Exchange. The result of the first hypothesis indicates the relationship between earnings smoothness and discretionary accruals variables. It means that discretionary accruals (DA) leads to the converse relationship among discretionary accruals variation and current and future cash flow. The result of the second hypothesis indicates that the firms with high variation in Iran utilize more discretionary accruals compared with the firms with lower variation.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) has become a necessary in many organizations and many business units have been trying to emerge into an integrated system. There are many advantages on having an efficient ERP but many corporations fail to reach a full operational ERP for many reasons. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to find important factors influencing ERP implementation in one of the biggest Iranian automakers named Iran Khodro. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale consists of 46 questions, distributes it among some managers in this firm. Cronbach alpha is calculated as 0.802. In addition, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Approx. Chi-Square are 0.788 and 1677.307, respectively. Based on the results of our survey, we have derived eight factors including intelligence information, customer comfort, structure oriented, resource management, process oriented, customer oriented, flexible structure and knowledge management.