How to cite this paper
Hunsaker, W & Jeong, W. (2020). Engaging employees through spiritual leadership.Management Science Letters , 10(15), 3527-3536.
Refrences
Ahmed, U., Majid, A., Al-Aali, L., & Mozammel, S. (2019). Can meaningful work really moderate the relationship be-tween supervisor support, coworker support and work Engagement?. Management Science Letters, 9(2), 229-242.
Albrecht, S. L. (Ed.). (2010). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice. Glos, Eng-land: Edward Elgar.
Albrecht, S. L. (2012). The influence of job, team and organizational level resources on employee well‐being, engagement, commitment and extra‐role performance. International Journal of Manpower, 33(7), 840-853.
Albrecht, S., Breidahl, E., & Marty, A. (2018). Organizational resources, organizational engagement climate, and employ-ee engagement. Career Development International, 23(1), 67-85.
Arokiasamy, A., & Tat, H. (2020). Exploring the influence of transformational leadership on work engagement and work-place spirituality of academic employees in the private higher education institutions in Malaysia. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 855-864.
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engage-ment: A narrative synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31-53.
Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: Current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4-11.
Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4-28.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.
Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Daily job demands and employee work engagement: The role of daily transforma-tional leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 338.
Carasco-Saul, M., Kim, W., & Kim, T. (2015). Leadership and employee engagement: Proposing research agendas through a review of literature. Human Resource Development Review, 14(1), 38-63.
Chen, C., & Yang, C. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
Chen, S., Jiang, W., Zhang, G., & Chu, F. (2019). Spiritual leadership on proactive workplace behavior: The role of organ-izational identification and psychological safety. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1206.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Manage-ment, 31(6), 874-900.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burn-out. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36-62.
Ferguson, J., & Milliman, J. (2008). Creating effective core organizational values: A spiritual leadership approach. Intl Journal of Public Administration, 31(4), 439-459.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fry, L. W., & Kriger, M. (2009). Towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667-1696.
Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. (2013). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Stanford: Stanford Business Books.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and es-tablishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). London: Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2018). Workplace spirituality and well-being: Examining the relationship on employee engagement in south korea. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 11(5), 650-664.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2019). Spiritual leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of employee well-being and life satisfac-tion. Management Science Letters, 9(8), 1257-1268.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2020). Spiritual leadership and work–family conflict: Mediating effects of employee well-being. Personnel Review, doi:10.1108/PR-04-2019-0143
Hunsaker, W. D., & Nam, J. G. (2017). Counterproductive work behavior: Mitigating role of spiritual leader-ship. Advanced Science Letters, 23(3), 1656-1659.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Manage-ment Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
Kim, W., Kim, J., Woo, H., Park, J., Jo, J., Park, S., & Lim, S. Y. (2017). The relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment: Proposing research agendas through a review of empirical literature. Human Resource Development Review, 16(4), 350-376.
Lee, S., Lovelace, K. J., & Manz, C. C. (2014). Serving with spirit: An integrative model of workplace spirituality within service organizations. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 11(1), 45-64.
Liu, Y., Fuller, B., Hester, K., Bennett, R. J., & Dickerson, M. S. (2018). Linking authentic leadership to subordinate be-haviors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(2), 218-233.
Lowry, P. B., & Gaskin, J. (2014). Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) for building and testing behavioral causal theory: When to choose it and how to use it. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communica-tion, 57(2), 123-146.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psycholo-gy, 1(1), 3-30.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., & Gagne, M. (2008). Employee engagement from a self-determination theory perspective. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 60-62.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An explorato-ry empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A., & Kim, J. S. (2018). The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 56-65.
Park, J. G., Kim, J. S., Yoon, S. W., & Joo, B. (2017). The effects of empowering leadership on psychological well-being and job engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 350-367.
Pratt, M. G., & Ashforth, B. E. (2003). Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (pp. 309-327). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation mod-els. Behavior Research Methods, 36(4), 717-731.
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job perfor-mance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Reli-gion, 8(4), 317-340.
Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2014). What do we really know about employee engagement? Human Resource Develop-ment Quarterly, 25(2), 155-182.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psy-chology Unit, Utrecht University, Utrecht,
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burn-out: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.
Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Man-agement, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.
Albrecht, S. L. (Ed.). (2010). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice. Glos, Eng-land: Edward Elgar.
Albrecht, S. L. (2012). The influence of job, team and organizational level resources on employee well‐being, engagement, commitment and extra‐role performance. International Journal of Manpower, 33(7), 840-853.
Albrecht, S., Breidahl, E., & Marty, A. (2018). Organizational resources, organizational engagement climate, and employ-ee engagement. Career Development International, 23(1), 67-85.
Arokiasamy, A., & Tat, H. (2020). Exploring the influence of transformational leadership on work engagement and work-place spirituality of academic employees in the private higher education institutions in Malaysia. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 855-864.
Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engage-ment: A narrative synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31-53.
Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: Current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4-11.
Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4-28.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.
Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Daily job demands and employee work engagement: The role of daily transforma-tional leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 338.
Carasco-Saul, M., Kim, W., & Kim, T. (2015). Leadership and employee engagement: Proposing research agendas through a review of literature. Human Resource Development Review, 14(1), 38-63.
Chen, C., & Yang, C. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
Chen, S., Jiang, W., Zhang, G., & Chu, F. (2019). Spiritual leadership on proactive workplace behavior: The role of organ-izational identification and psychological safety. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1206.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Manage-ment, 31(6), 874-900.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burn-out. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36-62.
Ferguson, J., & Milliman, J. (2008). Creating effective core organizational values: A spiritual leadership approach. Intl Journal of Public Administration, 31(4), 439-459.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fry, L. W., & Kriger, M. (2009). Towards a theory of being-centered leadership: Multiple levels of being as context for effective leadership. Human Relations, 62(11), 1667-1696.
Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. (2013). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Stanford: Stanford Business Books.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and es-tablishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). London: Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2018). Workplace spirituality and well-being: Examining the relationship on employee engagement in south korea. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 11(5), 650-664.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2019). Spiritual leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of employee well-being and life satisfac-tion. Management Science Letters, 9(8), 1257-1268.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2020). Spiritual leadership and work–family conflict: Mediating effects of employee well-being. Personnel Review, doi:10.1108/PR-04-2019-0143
Hunsaker, W. D., & Nam, J. G. (2017). Counterproductive work behavior: Mitigating role of spiritual leader-ship. Advanced Science Letters, 23(3), 1656-1659.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Manage-ment Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
Kim, W., Kim, J., Woo, H., Park, J., Jo, J., Park, S., & Lim, S. Y. (2017). The relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment: Proposing research agendas through a review of empirical literature. Human Resource Development Review, 16(4), 350-376.
Lee, S., Lovelace, K. J., & Manz, C. C. (2014). Serving with spirit: An integrative model of workplace spirituality within service organizations. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 11(1), 45-64.
Liu, Y., Fuller, B., Hester, K., Bennett, R. J., & Dickerson, M. S. (2018). Linking authentic leadership to subordinate be-haviors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(2), 218-233.
Lowry, P. B., & Gaskin, J. (2014). Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) for building and testing behavioral causal theory: When to choose it and how to use it. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communica-tion, 57(2), 123-146.
Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psycholo-gy, 1(1), 3-30.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., & Gagne, M. (2008). Employee engagement from a self-determination theory perspective. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 60-62.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An explorato-ry empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A., & Kim, J. S. (2018). The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 56-65.
Park, J. G., Kim, J. S., Yoon, S. W., & Joo, B. (2017). The effects of empowering leadership on psychological well-being and job engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 350-367.
Pratt, M. G., & Ashforth, B. E. (2003). Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (pp. 309-327). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation mod-els. Behavior Research Methods, 36(4), 717-731.
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job perfor-mance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617-635.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Reli-gion, 8(4), 317-340.
Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2014). What do we really know about employee engagement? Human Resource Develop-ment Quarterly, 25(2), 155-182.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale: Preliminary manual. Occupational Health Psy-chology Unit, Utrecht University, Utrecht,
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burn-out: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.
Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Man-agement, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.