How to cite this paper
Hunsaker, W. (2019). Spiritual leadership and job burnout: Mediating effects of employee well-being and life satisfaction.Management Science Letters , 9(8), 1257-1268.
Refrences
Babakus, E., Yavas, U., & Ashill, N. J. (2010). Service worker burnout and turnover intentions: Roles of person-job fit, servant leadership, and customer orientation. Services Marketing Quarterly, 32(1), 17-31.
Bae, J., Chen, S. J., & Rowley, C. (2011). From a paternalistic model towards what? HRM trends in Korea and Taiwan. Personnel Review, 40(6), 700-722.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psycholog-ical research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bell, D. A., & Hahm, C. (2003). Introduction: The contemporary relevance of Confucianism. In D. A. Bell, & C. Hahm (Eds.), Confucianism for the modern world (pp. 1-30). New York: Cambridge Uni-versity Press.
Benefiel, M., Fry, L. W., & Geigle, D. (2014). Spirituality and religion in the workplace: History, theo-ry, and research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 175-187.
Bodla, M. A., & Ali, H. (2012). Workplace spirituality: A spiritual audit of banking executives in Paki-stan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11), 3888-3897.
Cha, J. H. (1994). Aspects of individualism and collectivism in Korea. In U. Kim (Ed.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 157-174). New York: Sage.
Chan, D. W. (2011). Burnout and life satisfaction: Does gratitude intervention make a difference among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong? Educational Psychology, 31(7), 809-823.
Chen, C., & Yang, C. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
Cho, Y. H., & Yoon, J. (2001). The origin and function of dynamic collectivism: An analysis of Korean corporate culture. Asia Pacific Business Review, 7(4), 70-88.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2008). The Oldenburg burnout inventory: A good alternative to meas-ure burnout and engagement. In J. Halbesleben (Ed.), Handbook of stress and burnout in health care (pp. 65-78). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A thorough inves-tigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2000). A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(2), 454-464.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M., & Mansfield, L. R. (2012). Whistle while you work: A re-view of the life satisfaction literature. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1038-1083.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fry, L. W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State-of-the-art and future directions for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman, & L. Tischler (Eds.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice and future di-rections (pp. 106-124). New York: Palgrave.
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hour cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265-278.
Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. (2013). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Stanford: Stanford Business Books.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Giacolone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Gia-colone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor-mance (pp. 3-28). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Gill, A. S., Flaschner, A. B., & Shachar, M. (2006). Mitigating stress and burnout by implementing transformational-leadership. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(6), 469-481.
González-Romá, V., Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Lloret, S. (2006). Burnout and work engage-ment: Independent factors or opposite poles? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 165-174.
Han, G., & Shin, S. (2000). A cultural profile of Korean society: From vertical collectivism to horizontal individualism. Korean Social Science Journal, 27(2), 69-96.
Hemmert, M. (2012). Tiger management. New York: Routledge.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2016). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Relationship with Confucian values. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 13(3), 206-225.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2014). Relationship of Confucian values to spiritual leadership in a south Korean con-text. Asian Social Science, 10(12), 130-141.
Hunsaker, W. D., & Nam, J. G. (2017). Counterproductive work behavior: Mitigating role of spiritual leadership. Advanced Science Letters, 23(3), 1656-1659.
Jeon, K. S., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342-357.
Jones, M. D. (2006). Which is a better predictor of job performance: Job satisfaction or life satisfac-tion? Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 8, 20-42.
Judge, T. A., & Locke, E. A. (1993). Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(3), 475-490.
Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(10), 1266-1276.
Lee, H., Hwang, S., Kim, J., & Daly, B. (2004). Predictors of life satisfaction of Korean nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 632-641.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happi-ness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause stress and what to do about it. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Con-sulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Michel, J. S., Mitchelson, J. K., Kotrba, L. M., LeBretron, J. M., & Baltes, B. B. (2009). A comparative test of work-family conflict models and critical examination of work-family linkages. Journal of Vo-cational Behavior, 74, 199-218.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work atti-tudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The 'what', 'why', and 'how' of employee well-being: A new model. Social Indicators Research, 90(3), 441-458.
Paik, Y., & Sohn, J. H. D. (1998). Confucius in Mexico: Korean MNCs and the maquiladoras. Business Horizons, Nov/Dec, 25-33.
Pfeffer, J. (2010). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In R. A. Giacolo-ne, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor-mance (pp. 27-43). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, 36(4), 717-731.
Rice, R. W. (1984). Organizational work and the overall quality of life. Applied Social Psychology An-nual, 5, 155-178.
Robertson, I. T., & Cooper, C. L. (2010). Full engagement: The integration of employee engagement and psychological well-being. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(4), 324-336.
Rothmann, S. (2008). Job satisfaction, occupational stress, burnout and work engagement as compo-nents of work-related wellbeing. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(3), 11-16.
Ryu, S. Y. (2007). Item development for Korean Confucian values [Korean]. Korean Journal of Man-agement, 15(4), 171-205.
Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spiritu-ality & Religion, 8(4), 317-340.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burn-out and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of en-gagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Muller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23-74.
Seltzer, J., & Numerof, R. E. (1988). Supervisory leadership and subordinate burnout. Academy of Management Journal, 31(2), 439-446.
Shaw, J. D., & Gupta, N. (2001). Pay fairness and employee outcomes: Exacerbation and attenuation effects of financial need. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(3), 299-320.
Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.
Wu, W., Rafiq, M., & Chin, T. (2017). Employee well-being and turnover intention: Evidence from a developing country with Muslim culture. Career Development International, 22(7), 797-815.
Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burn-out. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.
Yu, G. C., & Rowley, C. (2009). The changing face of Korean human resource management. In C. Rowley, & Y. Paik (Eds.), The changing face of Korean management (pp. 29-51). New York: Routledge.
Bae, J., Chen, S. J., & Rowley, C. (2011). From a paternalistic model towards what? HRM trends in Korea and Taiwan. Personnel Review, 40(6), 700-722.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psycholog-ical research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bell, D. A., & Hahm, C. (2003). Introduction: The contemporary relevance of Confucianism. In D. A. Bell, & C. Hahm (Eds.), Confucianism for the modern world (pp. 1-30). New York: Cambridge Uni-versity Press.
Benefiel, M., Fry, L. W., & Geigle, D. (2014). Spirituality and religion in the workplace: History, theo-ry, and research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 175-187.
Bodla, M. A., & Ali, H. (2012). Workplace spirituality: A spiritual audit of banking executives in Paki-stan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11), 3888-3897.
Cha, J. H. (1994). Aspects of individualism and collectivism in Korea. In U. Kim (Ed.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 157-174). New York: Sage.
Chan, D. W. (2011). Burnout and life satisfaction: Does gratitude intervention make a difference among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong? Educational Psychology, 31(7), 809-823.
Chen, C., & Yang, C. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
Cho, Y. H., & Yoon, J. (2001). The origin and function of dynamic collectivism: An analysis of Korean corporate culture. Asia Pacific Business Review, 7(4), 70-88.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2008). The Oldenburg burnout inventory: A good alternative to meas-ure burnout and engagement. In J. Halbesleben (Ed.), Handbook of stress and burnout in health care (pp. 65-78). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A thorough inves-tigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2000). A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(2), 454-464.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M., & Mansfield, L. R. (2012). Whistle while you work: A re-view of the life satisfaction literature. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1038-1083.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fry, L. W. (2008). Spiritual leadership: State-of-the-art and future directions for theory, research, and practice. In J. Biberman, & L. Tischler (Eds.), Spirituality in business: Theory, practice and future di-rections (pp. 106-124). New York: Palgrave.
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hour cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 265-278.
Fry, L. W., & Nisiewicz, M. (2013). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Stanford: Stanford Business Books.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Giacolone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Gia-colone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor-mance (pp. 3-28). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Gill, A. S., Flaschner, A. B., & Shachar, M. (2006). Mitigating stress and burnout by implementing transformational-leadership. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(6), 469-481.
González-Romá, V., Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Lloret, S. (2006). Burnout and work engage-ment: Independent factors or opposite poles? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 165-174.
Han, G., & Shin, S. (2000). A cultural profile of Korean society: From vertical collectivism to horizontal individualism. Korean Social Science Journal, 27(2), 69-96.
Hemmert, M. (2012). Tiger management. New York: Routledge.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2016). Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Relationship with Confucian values. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 13(3), 206-225.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2014). Relationship of Confucian values to spiritual leadership in a south Korean con-text. Asian Social Science, 10(12), 130-141.
Hunsaker, W. D., & Nam, J. G. (2017). Counterproductive work behavior: Mitigating role of spiritual leadership. Advanced Science Letters, 23(3), 1656-1659.
Jeon, K. S., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342-357.
Jones, M. D. (2006). Which is a better predictor of job performance: Job satisfaction or life satisfac-tion? Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 8, 20-42.
Judge, T. A., & Locke, E. A. (1993). Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(3), 475-490.
Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., & Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(10), 1266-1276.
Lee, H., Hwang, S., Kim, J., & Daly, B. (2004). Predictors of life satisfaction of Korean nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 632-641.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happi-ness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause stress and what to do about it. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Con-sulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Michel, J. S., Mitchelson, J. K., Kotrba, L. M., LeBretron, J. M., & Baltes, B. B. (2009). A comparative test of work-family conflict models and critical examination of work-family linkages. Journal of Vo-cational Behavior, 74, 199-218.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work atti-tudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The 'what', 'why', and 'how' of employee well-being: A new model. Social Indicators Research, 90(3), 441-458.
Paik, Y., & Sohn, J. H. D. (1998). Confucius in Mexico: Korean MNCs and the maquiladoras. Business Horizons, Nov/Dec, 25-33.
Pfeffer, J. (2010). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. In R. A. Giacolo-ne, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational perfor-mance (pp. 27-43). New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, 36(4), 717-731.
Rice, R. W. (1984). Organizational work and the overall quality of life. Applied Social Psychology An-nual, 5, 155-178.
Robertson, I. T., & Cooper, C. L. (2010). Full engagement: The integration of employee engagement and psychological well-being. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(4), 324-336.
Rothmann, S. (2008). Job satisfaction, occupational stress, burnout and work engagement as compo-nents of work-related wellbeing. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(3), 11-16.
Ryu, S. Y. (2007). Item development for Korean Confucian values [Korean]. Korean Journal of Man-agement, 15(4), 171-205.
Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spiritu-ality & Religion, 8(4), 317-340.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burn-out and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of en-gagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Muller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23-74.
Seltzer, J., & Numerof, R. E. (1988). Supervisory leadership and subordinate burnout. Academy of Management Journal, 31(2), 439-446.
Shaw, J. D., & Gupta, N. (2001). Pay fairness and employee outcomes: Exacerbation and attenuation effects of financial need. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(3), 299-320.
Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.
Wu, W., Rafiq, M., & Chin, T. (2017). Employee well-being and turnover intention: Evidence from a developing country with Muslim culture. Career Development International, 22(7), 797-815.
Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burn-out. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.
Yu, G. C., & Rowley, C. (2009). The changing face of Korean human resource management. In C. Rowley, & Y. Paik (Eds.), The changing face of Korean management (pp. 29-51). New York: Routledge.