How to cite this paper
Khuhro, R., Khan, A., Humayon, A & Khuhro, A. (2017). Ad skepticisms: Antecedents and consequences.Management Science Letters , 7(1), 23-34.
Refrences
Aquino, K., Reed II, A., Thau, S., & Freeman, D. (2007). A grotesque and dark beauty: How moral identity and mechanisms of moral disengagement influence cognitive and emotional reactions to war. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 385-392.
Asimakopoulos, S., & Dix, A. (2013). Forecasting support systems technologies-in-practice: A model of adoption and use for product forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 29(2), 322-336.
Barksdale, H. C., & Darden, W. R. (1972). Consumer attitudes toward marketing and consumerism. The Journal of Marketing, 28-35.
Bell, R. A., Grzywacz, J. G., Quandt, S. A., Neiberg, R., Lang, W., Nguyen, H., . . . Arcury, T. A. (2013). Medical Skepticism and Complementary Therapy Use among Older Rural African-Americans and Whites. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 24(2), 777-787.
Berman, E. M. (1997). Dealing with cynical citizens. Public Administration Review, 105-112.
Blakely, D. P., Wright, T. J., Dehili, V. M., Boot, W. R., & Brockmole, J. R. (2012). Characterizing the time course and nature of attentional disengagement effects. Vision research, 56, 38-48.
Boush, D. M., Friestad, M., & Rose, G. M. (1994). Adolescent skepticism toward TV advertising and knowledge of advertiser tactics. Journal of consumer research, 165-175.
Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. New York.
Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control: Academic Press New York.
Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., & Hollebeek, L. (2011). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research.
Buboltz Jr, W. C., Williams, D. J., Thomas, A., Seemann, E. A., Soper, B., & Woller, K. (2003). Personality and psychological reactance: extending the nomological net. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(7), 1167-1177.
Campbell, M. C., & Kirmani, A. (2000). Consumers' use of persuasion knowledge: The effects of accessibility and cognitive capacity on perceptions of an influence agent. Journal of consumer research, 27(1), 69-83.
Chylinski, M., & Chu, A. (2010). Consumer cynicism: antecedents and consequences. European Journal of Marketing, 44(6), 796-837.
Dahlen, M., Lange, F., Sjodin, H., & Torn, F. (2005). Effects of Ad-Brand Incongruence. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 27(2), 1-12.
Dawan. (2014). Revenue, GDP Growth Targets Retrieved 09-06-2014, 2014, from http://epaper.dawn.com/?page=02_06_2014_001
de Araujo, P., & Lagos, S. (2013). Self-esteem, education, and wages revisited. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 120-132.
Donnell, A. J., Thomas, A., & Buboltz Jr, W. C. (2001). Psychological reactance: Factor structure and internal consistency of the questionnaire for the measurement of psychological reactance. The Journal of social psychology, 141(5), 679-687.
Foley, D. (2004). Ogbu’s theory of academic disengagement: its evolution and its critics. Intercultural Education, 15(4), 385-397.
Gana, K., Saada, Y., Bailly, N., Joulain, M., Hervé, C., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Longitudinal factorial invariance of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale: Determining the nature of method effects due to item wording. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(4), 406-416.
Gaski, J. F., & Etzel, M. J. (1986). The index of consumer sentiment toward marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 50(3), 71-81.
Goode, S. (2012). Engagement and Disengagement in Online Service Failure: Contrasting Problem and Emotional Coping Effects. Journal of Internet Commerce, 11(3), 226-253.
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2009). Unprofitable customers and their management. Business Horizons, 52(1), 89-97.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. Y. A., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. A Global Perspective: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hameed, I., Roques, O., & Arain, G. A. (2013). Nonlinear moderating effect of tenure on organizational identification (OID) and the subsequent role of OID in fostering readiness for change. Group & Organization Management, 38(1), 101-127.
Hofstede, G. (2006). What did GLOBE really measure? Researchers’ minds versus respondents’ minds. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 882-896.
Hollebeek, L. D. (2011). Demystifying customer brand engagement: Exploring the loyalty nexus. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(7-8), 785-807.
Hollebeek, L. D. (2013). The customer engagement/value interface: An exploratory investiga-tion. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(1), 17-24.
IQBAL, S. (2012). Services’ share in GDP rises to 54.4pc Retrieved 07-12-2013, 2013, from http://www.dawn.com/news/737922/
Jonas, E., Graupmann, V., Kayser, D. N., Zanna, M., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Frey, D. (2009). Culture, self, and the emergence of reactance: Is there a “universal” freedom? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(5), 1068-1080.
Kanter, D. L., & Wortzel, L. H. (1985). Cynicism and alienation as marketing considerations: some new ways to approach the female consumer. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2(1), 5-15.
Khuhro, R. A., Bhutto, N. A., & Sarki, I. H. (2015). Failure of Brand Intoxication with the Mediating Effect of Ad Skepticism. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, 2(1), 86-103.
Kwon, S. J., & Chung, N. (2010). The moderating effects of psychological reactance and product involvement on online shopping recommendation mechanisms based on a causal map. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(6), 522-536.
Lau, R. R. (1985). Two explanations for negativity effects in political behavior. American Journal of Political Science, 29(1), 119-138.
Lay, G. C., Ahmad, R., & Ming, B. H. (2013). The barriers to adoption of green Technoloy by higher education institutions in Malaysia. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 1(3), 23-34.
Lee, G., & Lee, W. J. (2009). Psychological reactance to online recommendation services. Information & Management, 46(8), 448-452.
Macaskill, A. (2007). Exploring religious involvement, forgiveness, trust, and cynicism. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(3), 203-218.
Morris, M. (2011). Coping with cynicism: ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND.
Muehling, D. D. (1987). Comparative advertising: The influence of attitude-toward-the-ad on brand evaluation. Journal of Advertising, 16(4), 43-49.
Newman, P., Kenworthy, J., & Vintila, P. (1995). Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in an age of urban cynicism. Cities, 12(1), 53-65.
Obermiller, Spangenberg, E., & MacLachlan, D. L. (2005). Ad skepticism: The consequences of disbelief. Journal of Advertising, 34(3), 7-17.
Obermiller, & Spangenberg, E. R. (1998). Development of a scale to measure consumer skepticism toward advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(2), 159-186.
Obermiller, & Spangenberg, E. R. (2000). On the origin and distinctness of skepticism toward advertising. Marketing Letters, 11(4), 311-322.
PakTribune. (2005). Soomro Deplores Publication Of Blasphemous Cartoons Retrieved 07-12-2013, 2013, from http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=134362
Pech, R., & Slade, B. (2006). Employee disengagement: is there evidence of a growing problem? Handbook of Business Strategy, 7(1), 21-25.
Perrien, J., Paradis, S., & Banting, P. M. (1995). Dissolution of a relationship: the salesforce perception. Industrial Marketing Management, 24(4), 317-327.
Reijmersdal, E. A., Tutaj, K., & Boerman, S. C. (2013). The effects of brand placement disclosures on skepticism and brand memory. Communications, 38(2), 127-146.
Schade, J., & Baum, M. (2007). Reactance or acceptance? Reactions towards the introduction of road pricing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 41-48.
Schreiber, J. B., Stage, F. K., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-337.
Scott, T. (2013). Sudden death liminality: Dehumanisation and disengagement. International Emergency Nursing, 21(1), 10-16.
Singh, S., Kristensen, L., & Villasenor, E. (2009). Overcoming skepticism towards cause related claims: the case of Norway. International Marketing Review, 26(3), 312-326.
Taylor, V. A., & Bearden, W. O. (2003). Ad spending on brand extensions: Does similarity matter? The Journal of Brand Management, 11(1), 63-74.
Thakor, M. V., & Goneau-Lessard, K. (2009). Development of a scale to measure skepticism of social advertising among adolescents. Journal of Business Research, 62(12), 1342-1349.
Thornberg, R., & Jungert, T. (2013). Bystander behavior in bullying situations: Basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement and defender self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence, 36(3), 475-483.
Asimakopoulos, S., & Dix, A. (2013). Forecasting support systems technologies-in-practice: A model of adoption and use for product forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 29(2), 322-336.
Barksdale, H. C., & Darden, W. R. (1972). Consumer attitudes toward marketing and consumerism. The Journal of Marketing, 28-35.
Bell, R. A., Grzywacz, J. G., Quandt, S. A., Neiberg, R., Lang, W., Nguyen, H., . . . Arcury, T. A. (2013). Medical Skepticism and Complementary Therapy Use among Older Rural African-Americans and Whites. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 24(2), 777-787.
Berman, E. M. (1997). Dealing with cynical citizens. Public Administration Review, 105-112.
Blakely, D. P., Wright, T. J., Dehili, V. M., Boot, W. R., & Brockmole, J. R. (2012). Characterizing the time course and nature of attentional disengagement effects. Vision research, 56, 38-48.
Boush, D. M., Friestad, M., & Rose, G. M. (1994). Adolescent skepticism toward TV advertising and knowledge of advertiser tactics. Journal of consumer research, 165-175.
Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. New York.
Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control: Academic Press New York.
Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., & Hollebeek, L. (2011). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research.
Buboltz Jr, W. C., Williams, D. J., Thomas, A., Seemann, E. A., Soper, B., & Woller, K. (2003). Personality and psychological reactance: extending the nomological net. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(7), 1167-1177.
Campbell, M. C., & Kirmani, A. (2000). Consumers' use of persuasion knowledge: The effects of accessibility and cognitive capacity on perceptions of an influence agent. Journal of consumer research, 27(1), 69-83.
Chylinski, M., & Chu, A. (2010). Consumer cynicism: antecedents and consequences. European Journal of Marketing, 44(6), 796-837.
Dahlen, M., Lange, F., Sjodin, H., & Torn, F. (2005). Effects of Ad-Brand Incongruence. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 27(2), 1-12.
Dawan. (2014). Revenue, GDP Growth Targets Retrieved 09-06-2014, 2014, from http://epaper.dawn.com/?page=02_06_2014_001
de Araujo, P., & Lagos, S. (2013). Self-esteem, education, and wages revisited. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 120-132.
Donnell, A. J., Thomas, A., & Buboltz Jr, W. C. (2001). Psychological reactance: Factor structure and internal consistency of the questionnaire for the measurement of psychological reactance. The Journal of social psychology, 141(5), 679-687.
Foley, D. (2004). Ogbu’s theory of academic disengagement: its evolution and its critics. Intercultural Education, 15(4), 385-397.
Gana, K., Saada, Y., Bailly, N., Joulain, M., Hervé, C., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Longitudinal factorial invariance of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale: Determining the nature of method effects due to item wording. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(4), 406-416.
Gaski, J. F., & Etzel, M. J. (1986). The index of consumer sentiment toward marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 50(3), 71-81.
Goode, S. (2012). Engagement and Disengagement in Online Service Failure: Contrasting Problem and Emotional Coping Effects. Journal of Internet Commerce, 11(3), 226-253.
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2009). Unprofitable customers and their management. Business Horizons, 52(1), 89-97.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. Y. A., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. A Global Perspective: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hameed, I., Roques, O., & Arain, G. A. (2013). Nonlinear moderating effect of tenure on organizational identification (OID) and the subsequent role of OID in fostering readiness for change. Group & Organization Management, 38(1), 101-127.
Hofstede, G. (2006). What did GLOBE really measure? Researchers’ minds versus respondents’ minds. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 882-896.
Hollebeek, L. D. (2011). Demystifying customer brand engagement: Exploring the loyalty nexus. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(7-8), 785-807.
Hollebeek, L. D. (2013). The customer engagement/value interface: An exploratory investiga-tion. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(1), 17-24.
IQBAL, S. (2012). Services’ share in GDP rises to 54.4pc Retrieved 07-12-2013, 2013, from http://www.dawn.com/news/737922/
Jonas, E., Graupmann, V., Kayser, D. N., Zanna, M., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Frey, D. (2009). Culture, self, and the emergence of reactance: Is there a “universal” freedom? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(5), 1068-1080.
Kanter, D. L., & Wortzel, L. H. (1985). Cynicism and alienation as marketing considerations: some new ways to approach the female consumer. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2(1), 5-15.
Khuhro, R. A., Bhutto, N. A., & Sarki, I. H. (2015). Failure of Brand Intoxication with the Mediating Effect of Ad Skepticism. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, 2(1), 86-103.
Kwon, S. J., & Chung, N. (2010). The moderating effects of psychological reactance and product involvement on online shopping recommendation mechanisms based on a causal map. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 9(6), 522-536.
Lau, R. R. (1985). Two explanations for negativity effects in political behavior. American Journal of Political Science, 29(1), 119-138.
Lay, G. C., Ahmad, R., & Ming, B. H. (2013). The barriers to adoption of green Technoloy by higher education institutions in Malaysia. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 1(3), 23-34.
Lee, G., & Lee, W. J. (2009). Psychological reactance to online recommendation services. Information & Management, 46(8), 448-452.
Macaskill, A. (2007). Exploring religious involvement, forgiveness, trust, and cynicism. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(3), 203-218.
Morris, M. (2011). Coping with cynicism: ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND.
Muehling, D. D. (1987). Comparative advertising: The influence of attitude-toward-the-ad on brand evaluation. Journal of Advertising, 16(4), 43-49.
Newman, P., Kenworthy, J., & Vintila, P. (1995). Can we overcome automobile dependence?: Physical planning in an age of urban cynicism. Cities, 12(1), 53-65.
Obermiller, Spangenberg, E., & MacLachlan, D. L. (2005). Ad skepticism: The consequences of disbelief. Journal of Advertising, 34(3), 7-17.
Obermiller, & Spangenberg, E. R. (1998). Development of a scale to measure consumer skepticism toward advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(2), 159-186.
Obermiller, & Spangenberg, E. R. (2000). On the origin and distinctness of skepticism toward advertising. Marketing Letters, 11(4), 311-322.
PakTribune. (2005). Soomro Deplores Publication Of Blasphemous Cartoons Retrieved 07-12-2013, 2013, from http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=134362
Pech, R., & Slade, B. (2006). Employee disengagement: is there evidence of a growing problem? Handbook of Business Strategy, 7(1), 21-25.
Perrien, J., Paradis, S., & Banting, P. M. (1995). Dissolution of a relationship: the salesforce perception. Industrial Marketing Management, 24(4), 317-327.
Reijmersdal, E. A., Tutaj, K., & Boerman, S. C. (2013). The effects of brand placement disclosures on skepticism and brand memory. Communications, 38(2), 127-146.
Schade, J., & Baum, M. (2007). Reactance or acceptance? Reactions towards the introduction of road pricing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 41-48.
Schreiber, J. B., Stage, F. K., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-337.
Scott, T. (2013). Sudden death liminality: Dehumanisation and disengagement. International Emergency Nursing, 21(1), 10-16.
Singh, S., Kristensen, L., & Villasenor, E. (2009). Overcoming skepticism towards cause related claims: the case of Norway. International Marketing Review, 26(3), 312-326.
Taylor, V. A., & Bearden, W. O. (2003). Ad spending on brand extensions: Does similarity matter? The Journal of Brand Management, 11(1), 63-74.
Thakor, M. V., & Goneau-Lessard, K. (2009). Development of a scale to measure skepticism of social advertising among adolescents. Journal of Business Research, 62(12), 1342-1349.
Thornberg, R., & Jungert, T. (2013). Bystander behavior in bullying situations: Basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement and defender self-efficacy. Journal of Adolescence, 36(3), 475-483.