How to cite this paper
Jamali, A., Bhutto, A., Khaskhely, M & Sethar, W. (2022). Impact of leadership styles on faculty performance: Moderating role of organizational culture in higher education.Management Science Letters , 12(1), 1-20.
Refrences
Amin, M., Shah, S., & Tatlah, I. A. (2013). Impact of Principals/Directors' Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction of the Facul-ty Members: Perceptions of the Faculty Members in a Public University of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Research & Reflec-tions in Education (JRRE), 7(2).
Advani, A., & Abbas, Z. (2015). Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Employees’ Perfor-mance of Banking Sector in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Manage-ment, 15(5).
Alkhasawneh, F. S. (2018). The Effect of Leadership Style of Academic Leaders on Job Performance Behavior among Faculty in Al-Balqa'Applied University. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 8(1), 65-72.
Al-Husseini, S., El Beltagi, I., & Moizer, J. (2019). Transformational Leadership and Innovation: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing Amongst Higher Education Faculty. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-24.
Al-Malki, M., & Juan, W. (2018). Leadership Styles and Job Performance: A Literature Review. Journal of International Busi-ness Research and Marketing, 3(3).
Amey, M. J. (1999). Faculty Culture and College Life: Reshaping Incentives Toward Student Outcomes. New Directions for Higher Education, 1999(105), 59-69.
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2020). Leadership Types and Digital Leadership in Higher Education: Behavioural Data Analysis from University of Patras in Greece. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(4), 110-129.
Aslam, H. D. (2011). Performance Evaluation of Teachers in Universities: Contemporary Issues and Challenges. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(2), 11-31.
Baig, S. A., Iqbal, S., Abrar, M., Baig, I. A., Amjad, F., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., & Awan, M. U. (2019). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Performance with Moderating Role of Positive Psychological Capital. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 1-21.
Bass, B., & Riggio, R. (2012). Transformational Leadership, US
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (TM). Mind Garden, Inc. Menlo Park, CA.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public administration quarterly, 112-121.
Blanchard, K. (2020). Is Responsible Leadership Possible? Exploring the Experiences of Business Leaders, Educators, and Scholars.
Botti, A., & Vesci, M. (2018). Competing Value Framework and Public Administration: Managerial Insights, Theoretical Re-flections and Practical Implications from Italy. International Business Research, 11(2), 147-160.
Bushra, F., Ahmad, U., & Naveed, A. (2011). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Job Satisfaction and Or-ganizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social sci-ence, 2(18).
Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., & Thakor, A. V. (2014). Competing Values Leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Chidambaranathan, K., & Regha, V. S. (2016). Diagnosing the Organizational Culture of Higher Education Libraries in the United Arab Emirates Using the Competing Values Framework. LIBRES: Library & Information Science Research Elec-tronic Journal, 26(2), 99-112.
Duze, C. O. (2012). Leadership Styles of Principals and Job Performance of Staff in Secondary Schools in Delta State of Nige-ria. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(2), 224-245.
Feldman, K.A., & Paulsen, M.B. (1999). The Role of a Supportive Teaching Culture. New Directions for Teaching And Learn-ing 78, 71-78.
Felipe, C. M., Roldan, J. L., & Leal-Rodríguez, A. L. (2017). Impact of Organizational Culture Values on Organizational Agili-ty. Sustainability 9, 1-23.
Gappa, J.M., Austin, A.E., and Trice, A.G. (2007). Rethinking Faculty Work: Higher Education’s Strategic Imperative. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Guhr, N. Lebek, B., & Breitner, M. H. (2019). The Impact of Leadership on Employees’ Intended Information Security Behav-ior: An Examination of the Full-Range Leadership Theory. Information System Journal, 29(2), 340-362.
Golden III, J. H., & Shriner, M. (2019). Examining Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Crea-tive Performance: The Moderator Effects of Organizational Culture. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(3), 363-376.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European business review.
Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated Guidelines on which Method to Use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): An Emerging Tool in Business Research. European Business Review.
Hammond, M. M., Neff, N. L., Farr, J. L., Schwall, A.R., & Zhao, X. (2011). Predictors of Individual-Level Innovation at Work: A Meta-Analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5(1), 90-105.
Henard, F. (2009). Learning Our Lesson: Review of Quality Teaching in Higher Education Draft Report.
Howell, J. M., & Hall-Merenda, K. E. (1999). The Ties that Bind: The impact of Leader-Member Exchange, Transformational and Transactional Leadership, and Distance on Predicting Follower Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 680.
Indrasari, M. (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture, Environment Work, Leadership Style on the Job Satisfaction and its Impact on the Performance of Teaching in State Community Academy Bojonegoro. Sinergi, 7(1), 58-73.
Jamaludin, Z. (2011). Do Transactional, Transformational, and Spiritual Leadership Styles Distinct? A Conceptual Insight. Journal of Global Business and Economics, 2(1), 73-85.
Javed, H. A., Jaffari, A. A., & Rahim, M. (2014). Leadership Styles and Employees' Job Satisfaction: A Case from the Private Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Asian business strategy, 4(3), 41.
Jensen, U. T., Andersen, L. B., Bro, L. L., Bøllingtoft, A., Eriksen, T. L. M., Holten, A. L., & Westergard-Nielsen, N. (2019). Conceptualizing and Measuring Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Administration & Society, 51(1), 3-33.
Jyothi, G., Parvathi, C., Srinivas, P., & Althaf, S. (2014). Fuzzy Expert Model for Evaluation of Faculty Performance in Technical Educational Institutions. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(5), 41-50.
Khan, N. (2017). Adaptive or transactional leadership in current higher education: A brief comparison. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(3), 178-183.
Khan, M. K., Hassan, M. R., Saha, S. K., Basher, M. S., Kabir, S., & Naushad, A. N. (2017). An Evaluation of Faculty Wise Teaching Performance in a Public Medical College of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Medical Journal: MMJ, 26(2), 241-249.
Khan, S., Asghar, M., & Zaheer, A. (2014). Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction and Firm Financial Performance: A Study of Banking Sector in Islamabad, Pakistan. (5), 374-384.
Khan, V., Hafeez, M. H., Rizvi, S. M. H., Hasnain, A., & Mariam, A. (2012). Relationship of Leadership Styles, Employees Commitment and Organisation Performance (A Study on Customer Support Representatives). European Journal of Eco-nomics, Finance, and Administrative Sciences, (49). 134-142.
Khan, M. A., & Afzal, H. (2011). High Level of Education Builds Up Strong Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organization Performance in Pakistan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1387-1400.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relation-ship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60 (3), 541–572.
Meyer, M., Botha, E., 2000. Organizational Development & Transformation in South Africa. Butterworths, Durban.
Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy and Moderating Role of Knowledge Sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894-910.
Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A Jordanian Empirical Study of the Associations Among Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, Job Performance, and Firm Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Management Development, 681-705.
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from UK Companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 766-788.
Paracha, M. U., Qamar, A., Mirza, A., Hassan, I. U., & Waqas, H. (2012). Impact of Leadership Style (Transformational & Transactional Leadership) on employee Performance & Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. Study of Private School (Edu-cator) in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(4), 55-64.
Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the Relationship Between Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability. Journal of Ap-plied Psychology, 98(1), 194.
Purwanto, A., Bernarto, I., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., & Hyun, C. C. (2020). Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Style on Public Health Centre Performance. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(1), 304-314.
Rasool, H. F., Arfeen, I. U., Mothi, W., & Aslam, U. (2015). Leadership Styles and its Impact on Employee's Performance in Health Sector of Pakistan. City University Research Journal, 5(1), 97-109.
Saeed, R., Mussawar, S., Lodhi, R. N., Iqbal, A., Nayab, H. H., & Yaseen, S. (2013). Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees at Workplace in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(9), 1200-1208.
Saleem, H. (2015). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction and Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Poli-tics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 563-569.
Schimmoeller, L. J. (2010). Leadership Styles in Competing Organizational Cultures. Leadership Review, 10(2), 125-141.
Siddique, A., Aslam, H. D., Khan, M., & Fatima, U. (2011). Impact of Academic Leadership on Faculty’s Motivation And Organizational Effectiveness in Higher Education System. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(3), 729-737.
Shah, S. S., Shah, A. A., & Pathan, S. K. (2017). The Relationship of Perceived Leadership Styles of Department Heads to Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Faculty Members. Journal of Business Strategies, 11(2), 35-56.
Shahzad, F. (2014). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees’ Job Performance: An Empirical Study of Software Houses in Pakistan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 24(3), 219-227.
Thrash, A.B., (2009), Leadership in Higher Education: An Analysis of the Leadership Styles of Academics Deans in Ohio’s 13 State-Supported Universities. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
Torlak, N. G. & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Links in Private Education Institutes of Pa-kistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 276-295.
Wahab, S., Rahmat, A., Yusof, M. S., & Mohamed, B. (2016). Organization Performance and Leadership Style: Issues in Edu-cation Service. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 593-598.
Whittington, T. C. (2019). The Moderating Impact of Stress on Shared and Vertical Leadership: A Field Study (Doctoral disser-tation, University of South Alabama)
Yeh, H., & Hong, D. (2012). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on Leadership Type and Job Perfor-mance. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 8(2), 50.
Advani, A., & Abbas, Z. (2015). Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Employees’ Perfor-mance of Banking Sector in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Manage-ment, 15(5).
Alkhasawneh, F. S. (2018). The Effect of Leadership Style of Academic Leaders on Job Performance Behavior among Faculty in Al-Balqa'Applied University. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 8(1), 65-72.
Al-Husseini, S., El Beltagi, I., & Moizer, J. (2019). Transformational Leadership and Innovation: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing Amongst Higher Education Faculty. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-24.
Al-Malki, M., & Juan, W. (2018). Leadership Styles and Job Performance: A Literature Review. Journal of International Busi-ness Research and Marketing, 3(3).
Amey, M. J. (1999). Faculty Culture and College Life: Reshaping Incentives Toward Student Outcomes. New Directions for Higher Education, 1999(105), 59-69.
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2020). Leadership Types and Digital Leadership in Higher Education: Behavioural Data Analysis from University of Patras in Greece. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(4), 110-129.
Aslam, H. D. (2011). Performance Evaluation of Teachers in Universities: Contemporary Issues and Challenges. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(2), 11-31.
Baig, S. A., Iqbal, S., Abrar, M., Baig, I. A., Amjad, F., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., & Awan, M. U. (2019). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Performance with Moderating Role of Positive Psychological Capital. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 1-21.
Bass, B., & Riggio, R. (2012). Transformational Leadership, US
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (TM). Mind Garden, Inc. Menlo Park, CA.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public administration quarterly, 112-121.
Blanchard, K. (2020). Is Responsible Leadership Possible? Exploring the Experiences of Business Leaders, Educators, and Scholars.
Botti, A., & Vesci, M. (2018). Competing Value Framework and Public Administration: Managerial Insights, Theoretical Re-flections and Practical Implications from Italy. International Business Research, 11(2), 147-160.
Bushra, F., Ahmad, U., & Naveed, A. (2011). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Job Satisfaction and Or-ganizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social sci-ence, 2(18).
Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., & Thakor, A. V. (2014). Competing Values Leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Chidambaranathan, K., & Regha, V. S. (2016). Diagnosing the Organizational Culture of Higher Education Libraries in the United Arab Emirates Using the Competing Values Framework. LIBRES: Library & Information Science Research Elec-tronic Journal, 26(2), 99-112.
Duze, C. O. (2012). Leadership Styles of Principals and Job Performance of Staff in Secondary Schools in Delta State of Nige-ria. AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(2), 224-245.
Feldman, K.A., & Paulsen, M.B. (1999). The Role of a Supportive Teaching Culture. New Directions for Teaching And Learn-ing 78, 71-78.
Felipe, C. M., Roldan, J. L., & Leal-Rodríguez, A. L. (2017). Impact of Organizational Culture Values on Organizational Agili-ty. Sustainability 9, 1-23.
Gappa, J.M., Austin, A.E., and Trice, A.G. (2007). Rethinking Faculty Work: Higher Education’s Strategic Imperative. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Guhr, N. Lebek, B., & Breitner, M. H. (2019). The Impact of Leadership on Employees’ Intended Information Security Behav-ior: An Examination of the Full-Range Leadership Theory. Information System Journal, 29(2), 340-362.
Golden III, J. H., & Shriner, M. (2019). Examining Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Crea-tive Performance: The Moderator Effects of Organizational Culture. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(3), 363-376.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European business review.
Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated Guidelines on which Method to Use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): An Emerging Tool in Business Research. European Business Review.
Hammond, M. M., Neff, N. L., Farr, J. L., Schwall, A.R., & Zhao, X. (2011). Predictors of Individual-Level Innovation at Work: A Meta-Analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5(1), 90-105.
Henard, F. (2009). Learning Our Lesson: Review of Quality Teaching in Higher Education Draft Report.
Howell, J. M., & Hall-Merenda, K. E. (1999). The Ties that Bind: The impact of Leader-Member Exchange, Transformational and Transactional Leadership, and Distance on Predicting Follower Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 680.
Indrasari, M. (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture, Environment Work, Leadership Style on the Job Satisfaction and its Impact on the Performance of Teaching in State Community Academy Bojonegoro. Sinergi, 7(1), 58-73.
Jamaludin, Z. (2011). Do Transactional, Transformational, and Spiritual Leadership Styles Distinct? A Conceptual Insight. Journal of Global Business and Economics, 2(1), 73-85.
Javed, H. A., Jaffari, A. A., & Rahim, M. (2014). Leadership Styles and Employees' Job Satisfaction: A Case from the Private Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Asian business strategy, 4(3), 41.
Jensen, U. T., Andersen, L. B., Bro, L. L., Bøllingtoft, A., Eriksen, T. L. M., Holten, A. L., & Westergard-Nielsen, N. (2019). Conceptualizing and Measuring Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Administration & Society, 51(1), 3-33.
Jyothi, G., Parvathi, C., Srinivas, P., & Althaf, S. (2014). Fuzzy Expert Model for Evaluation of Faculty Performance in Technical Educational Institutions. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(5), 41-50.
Khan, N. (2017). Adaptive or transactional leadership in current higher education: A brief comparison. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(3), 178-183.
Khan, M. K., Hassan, M. R., Saha, S. K., Basher, M. S., Kabir, S., & Naushad, A. N. (2017). An Evaluation of Faculty Wise Teaching Performance in a Public Medical College of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Medical Journal: MMJ, 26(2), 241-249.
Khan, S., Asghar, M., & Zaheer, A. (2014). Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction and Firm Financial Performance: A Study of Banking Sector in Islamabad, Pakistan. (5), 374-384.
Khan, V., Hafeez, M. H., Rizvi, S. M. H., Hasnain, A., & Mariam, A. (2012). Relationship of Leadership Styles, Employees Commitment and Organisation Performance (A Study on Customer Support Representatives). European Journal of Eco-nomics, Finance, and Administrative Sciences, (49). 134-142.
Khan, M. A., & Afzal, H. (2011). High Level of Education Builds Up Strong Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organization Performance in Pakistan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1387-1400.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relation-ship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60 (3), 541–572.
Meyer, M., Botha, E., 2000. Organizational Development & Transformation in South Africa. Butterworths, Durban.
Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy and Moderating Role of Knowledge Sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894-910.
Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A Jordanian Empirical Study of the Associations Among Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, Job Performance, and Firm Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Management Development, 681-705.
Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2000). Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from UK Companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 766-788.
Paracha, M. U., Qamar, A., Mirza, A., Hassan, I. U., & Waqas, H. (2012). Impact of Leadership Style (Transformational & Transactional Leadership) on employee Performance & Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. Study of Private School (Edu-cator) in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(4), 55-64.
Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the Relationship Between Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability. Journal of Ap-plied Psychology, 98(1), 194.
Purwanto, A., Bernarto, I., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., & Hyun, C. C. (2020). Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Style on Public Health Centre Performance. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(1), 304-314.
Rasool, H. F., Arfeen, I. U., Mothi, W., & Aslam, U. (2015). Leadership Styles and its Impact on Employee's Performance in Health Sector of Pakistan. City University Research Journal, 5(1), 97-109.
Saeed, R., Mussawar, S., Lodhi, R. N., Iqbal, A., Nayab, H. H., & Yaseen, S. (2013). Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees at Workplace in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(9), 1200-1208.
Saleem, H. (2015). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction and Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Poli-tics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 563-569.
Schimmoeller, L. J. (2010). Leadership Styles in Competing Organizational Cultures. Leadership Review, 10(2), 125-141.
Siddique, A., Aslam, H. D., Khan, M., & Fatima, U. (2011). Impact of Academic Leadership on Faculty’s Motivation And Organizational Effectiveness in Higher Education System. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(3), 729-737.
Shah, S. S., Shah, A. A., & Pathan, S. K. (2017). The Relationship of Perceived Leadership Styles of Department Heads to Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of Faculty Members. Journal of Business Strategies, 11(2), 35-56.
Shahzad, F. (2014). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees’ Job Performance: An Empirical Study of Software Houses in Pakistan. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 24(3), 219-227.
Thrash, A.B., (2009), Leadership in Higher Education: An Analysis of the Leadership Styles of Academics Deans in Ohio’s 13 State-Supported Universities. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
Torlak, N. G. & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Links in Private Education Institutes of Pa-kistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 276-295.
Wahab, S., Rahmat, A., Yusof, M. S., & Mohamed, B. (2016). Organization Performance and Leadership Style: Issues in Edu-cation Service. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 593-598.
Whittington, T. C. (2019). The Moderating Impact of Stress on Shared and Vertical Leadership: A Field Study (Doctoral disser-tation, University of South Alabama)
Yeh, H., & Hong, D. (2012). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on Leadership Type and Job Perfor-mance. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 8(2), 50.