How to cite this paper
AlKahtani, N., Iqbal, S., Sohail, M., Sheraz, F., Jahan, S., Anwar, B & Haider, S. (2021). Impact of employee empowerment on organizational commitment through job satisfaction in four and five stars hotel industry.Management Science Letters , 11(3), 813-822.
Refrences
Abuhashesh, M., Al-Dmour, R., & Ed Masa’deh, R. (2019). Factors that affect employees job satisfaction and perfor-mance to increase customers’ satisfactions. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 4, 2166–2184.
Aguiar-Quintana, T., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Park, S. (2020). The sequential relationships of hotel employees' perceived justice, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour in a high unemployment context. Tourism Management Perspectives, 100676.
Aguirre-Urreta, M. I., & Hu, J. (2019). Detecting common method bias: Performance of the Harman's single-factor test. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 50(2), 45-70.
Al Halbusi, H., Tehseen, S., & Ramayah, T. C. (2017). The impact of organizational justice on the ethical leadership under the moderating influence of perceived support: A conceptual study. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE), 4(1), 46 – 64.
Ali, N., & Ali, A. (2014). The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction between Psychological Capital and Job Burnout of Pa-kistani Nurses. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(2), 399-412.
Alkhadher, O., Beehr, T., & Meng, L. (2020). Individualism‐collectivism and nation as moderators of the job satisfaction‐organisational citizenship behaviour relationship in the United States, China, and Kuwait. Asian Journal of Social Psy-chology.
Allen, N.J., & Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examina-tion of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252-276.
Andi Kele, A. T. (2020). Employee empowerment in luxury hotels in East Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Waikato.
Andika, R., & Darmanto, S. (2020). The effect of employee empowerment and intrinsic motivation on organizational commitment and employee performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 18(2), 241-251.
Anggreyani, N. M., & Satrya, I. G. H. (2020). Effect of job satisfaction, employee empowerment and job stress towards organizational commitment. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 4(6), 108-113.
Kariuki, A., & Kiambati, K. (2017). Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, Organization Citizenship Behavior and Firm Performance. Management Studies, 5(4), 290–300.
Bani-Melhem, S., Quratulain, S., & Al-Hawari, M. A. (2020). Customer incivility and frontline employees’ revenge inten-tions: interaction effects of employee empowerment and turnover intentions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(4), 450-470.
Boehman, J. (2006). Afective, continuance, and normative commitment among student affairs professionals, unpublished doctoral dissertation. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (ProQuest Digital Dissertations).
Brooks, N. G., Korzaan, M. L., & Brooks, S. (2020). Normative commitment in an information systems project environ-ment. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Chen, H.-T., & Wang, C.-H. (2019). Incivility, satisfaction and turnover intention of tourist hotel chefs: moderating ef-fects of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Routledge Academic.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Man-agement Review, 13(3), 471-482.
Crow, M. S., Lee, C.-B., & Joo, J.-J. (2012). Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strate-gies & Management, 35(2), 402-423.
Ćulibrk, J., Delić, M., Mitrović, S., & Ćulibrk, D. (2018). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job involve-ment: The mediating role of job involvement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 132.
Diah, Y. M., & Cahyadi, A. (2020, May). Improving Organizational Performance Through Job Satisfaction Based on Em-ployee Empowerment. In 5th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference (SEABC 2019) (pp. 148-153). Atlantis Press.
Emhan, A., Arslan, V., Yaşar, M. F., & Çocuk, S. (2018). Relationship between organizational commitment, job satisfac-tion, emotional regulation and mediating effect of political perceptions: an application in the education sector. Euro-pean Journal of Educational & Social Sciences, 3(2), 250-270.
Eşitti, B., & Kasap, M. (2020). The impact of leader–member exchange on lodging employees’ dynamic capacities: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(2), 237-244.
Feng, D., Su, S., Yang, Y., Xia, J., & Su, Y. (2017). Job satisfaction mediates subjective social status and turnover inten-tion among Chinese nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 19(3), 388-392.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Francis, R. S., & Alagas, E. N. (2020). Hotel employees' psychological empowerment influence on their organizational citizenship behavior towards their job performance. In Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry (pp. 284-304). IGI Global.
Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in busi-ness research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198
Gold, J. R., Burridge, C. P., & Turner, T. F. (2001). A modified stepping-stone model of population structure in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Sciaenidae), from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Genetica, 111(1-3), 305-317.
Hackman, J.R., & Oldham, G.R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-70.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European business review.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Matthews, L. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: part I–method. European Business Review.
Hakami, A., Almutairi, H., Al Otaibi, R., Al Otaibi, T., & Al Battal, A. (2020). The Relationship between Nurses Job Sat-isfaction and Organizational Commitment. Health Science Journal, 14(1), 1-5.
Hayes, B.E. (1994). How to measure empowerment. Quality Progress, February, pp. 68-78.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international mar-keting. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hsiao, A., Ma, E. (Jintao), Lloyd, K., & Reid, S. (2019). Organizational Ethnic Diversity’s Influence on Hotel Employees’ Satisfaction, Commitment, and Turnover Intention: Gender’s Moderating Role. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Re-search, 109634801988369.
Ibrahim, A. M. (2020). Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among employees in the lodging in-dustry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-19.
Khuong, M., & Linh, U. (2020). Influence of work-related stress on employee motivation, job satisfaction and employee loyalty in hospitality industry. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3279-3290.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling (pp. 562-589).
Ko, J., & Hur, S. (2014). The impacts of employee benefits, procedural justice, and managerial trustworthiness on work attitudes: Integrated understanding based on social exchange theory. Public Administration Review, 74(2), 176-187.
Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfac-tion, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.
Lam, L.W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance. Journal of Business Re-search, 65(9), 1328-1334.
Loan, L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312.
Mahmoud, A. B., Sitladin, M., Tehseen, S., Fuxman, L., Reisel, W. D., Purkayastha, H., & Grigoriou, N. (2020). Job satis-faction as a mediator between performance appraisal effectiveness and organisational outcomes in the caribbean. BAM2020 Conference, Alliance Manchester Business School.
Meyer, J.P., & Allen, J. (1991), “A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment”, Human Resources Management Reviews, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 61-89.
Meyerson, G., & Dewettinck, B. (2012). Effect of empowerment on employees performance. Advanced Research in Eco-nomic and Management Sciences, 2(1), 40-46.
Mira, M., Choong, Y., & Thim, C. (2019). The effect of HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction on employee per-formance. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 771-786.
Muhammad, I. G., & Abdullah, H. H. (2016). Assessment of organizational performance: Linking the motivational ante-cedents of empowerment, compensation and organizational commitment. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(4), 974–983.
Norbu, J., & Wetprasit, P. (2020). The study of job motivational factors and its influence on job satisfaction for hotel em-ployees of Thimphu, Bhutan. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-22.
Öktem, Ş., & Öztoprak, M. (2020). The effects of workplace safety climate on organizational identification and job satis-faction perceptions in hotel kitchens. Journal of Hospitality, 2(1-2), 15-29.
Okumus, B., Chaulagain, S., & Giritlioglu, I. (2018). Examining the impacts of job stress and job satisfaction on hotel employees’ eating behavior. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1–18.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
Prabawa, IMA, & Supartha, IWG (2018). Increase employee productivity through Empowerment, teamwork and training in service companies. E-Journal of Management of Udayana University, 7(1).
Radwan, H. R. I. (2020). Leadership styles in the hotel sector and its effect on employees’ creativity and organizational commitment. International Journal of Social and Business Sciences, 14(3), 169-179.
Reidhead, C. (2020). Impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction: A case of Hilton hotel, United Kingdom. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(1).
Rezaei Dizgah, M., & Mehrabian, F. (2018). Study the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction considering the mediator role of job burnout, emotional labor, emotional inconsistency, personality deprivation and deficiency of indi-vidual success in the staff of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Health and Safety at Work, 8(1), 1-14.
Ringle, C., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2015). Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS. Bido, D., da Silva, D., & Ringle, C. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the Smartpls. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2).
Rohani, S., Mishaliny, S. N., & Haryanni, H. (2012). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: A case study on employees of a retail company in Malaysi. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 6(12).
Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact of Islamic work ethics, competencies, compensation, work culture on job satisfaction and employee performance: The case of four-star hotels. European Journal of Busi-ness and Management Research, 5(1).
Sadati, S. (2012). A survey relation of organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior with employees’ empowerment. Management Science Letters, 2(6), 2175-2186.
Saif, N. I., & Saleh, A. S. (2013). Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in Jordanian hospitals. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(16), 250-257.
Samad, S. (2007). Social structural characteristics and employee empowerment: The role of proactive personali-ty. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(4), 254-264.
Selvi, M. S. & Maheswari G. S. (2020). Effects of Employee Empowerment on Organizational Success. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(3), 2018-2025.
Simsek, H. (2020). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational cynicism levels of accounting employees in Hotel enterprises: The case of Kemer. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(9).
Sohail, M., & Ilyas, M. (2018). The impact of Job Satisfaction on aspects of Organizational Commitment (Affective, Con-tinuance and Normative Commitment). Journal of Managerial Sciences, 12(3), 221-234.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science educa-tion. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
Tarigan, V. (2015). Empirical study relations job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Inter-national Business & Economic Research Journal, 5(2), 21–42.
Teo, T. (2009). A case for using structural equation modelling (SEM) in educational technology research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), E89-E91.
Ugboro, I. O., & Obeng, K. (2000). Top management leadership, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction in TQM organizations: an empirical study. Journal of Quality Management, 5(2), 247-272.
Viseu, J., Pinto, P., Borralha, S., & de Jesus, S. N. (2020). Role of individual and organizational variables as predictors of job satisfaction among hotel employees. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1467358420924065.
Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(1), 3.
Wen, J., Huang, S. (Sam), & Hou, P. (2019). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 120–130.
Widayanti, K. S., & Sariyathi, N. K. (2016). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Pemberdayaan Karyawan, Dan Stres Kerja Ter-hadap Komitmen Organisasi Pada Cv. Akar Daya Mandiri. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 5(11), 7022–7049.
Widodo, W., & Damayanti, R. (2020). Vitality of job satisfaction in mediation: the effect of reward and personality on or-ganizational commitment. Management Science Letters, 10(9), 2131-2138.
Wong, K. C., & Chan, A. K. (2020). Work antecedents, work–life interference and psychological well-being among hotel employees in Macau. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(2), 131-147.
Zaraket, W., Garios, R., & Malek, L. A. (2018). The impact of employee empowerment on the organizational commit-ment. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 8(3), 284.
Zhao, P., Xu, X., Peng, Y., & Matthews, R. A. (2020). Justice, support, commitment, and time are intertwined: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 103432.
Aguiar-Quintana, T., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Park, S. (2020). The sequential relationships of hotel employees' perceived justice, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour in a high unemployment context. Tourism Management Perspectives, 100676.
Aguirre-Urreta, M. I., & Hu, J. (2019). Detecting common method bias: Performance of the Harman's single-factor test. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 50(2), 45-70.
Al Halbusi, H., Tehseen, S., & Ramayah, T. C. (2017). The impact of organizational justice on the ethical leadership under the moderating influence of perceived support: A conceptual study. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE), 4(1), 46 – 64.
Ali, N., & Ali, A. (2014). The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction between Psychological Capital and Job Burnout of Pa-kistani Nurses. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(2), 399-412.
Alkhadher, O., Beehr, T., & Meng, L. (2020). Individualism‐collectivism and nation as moderators of the job satisfaction‐organisational citizenship behaviour relationship in the United States, China, and Kuwait. Asian Journal of Social Psy-chology.
Allen, N.J., & Meyer, J.P. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examina-tion of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252-276.
Andi Kele, A. T. (2020). Employee empowerment in luxury hotels in East Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Waikato.
Andika, R., & Darmanto, S. (2020). The effect of employee empowerment and intrinsic motivation on organizational commitment and employee performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 18(2), 241-251.
Anggreyani, N. M., & Satrya, I. G. H. (2020). Effect of job satisfaction, employee empowerment and job stress towards organizational commitment. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 4(6), 108-113.
Kariuki, A., & Kiambati, K. (2017). Empowerment, Organizational Commitment, Organization Citizenship Behavior and Firm Performance. Management Studies, 5(4), 290–300.
Bani-Melhem, S., Quratulain, S., & Al-Hawari, M. A. (2020). Customer incivility and frontline employees’ revenge inten-tions: interaction effects of employee empowerment and turnover intentions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(4), 450-470.
Boehman, J. (2006). Afective, continuance, and normative commitment among student affairs professionals, unpublished doctoral dissertation. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (ProQuest Digital Dissertations).
Brooks, N. G., Korzaan, M. L., & Brooks, S. (2020). Normative commitment in an information systems project environ-ment. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Chen, H.-T., & Wang, C.-H. (2019). Incivility, satisfaction and turnover intention of tourist hotel chefs: moderating ef-fects of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Routledge Academic.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Man-agement Review, 13(3), 471-482.
Crow, M. S., Lee, C.-B., & Joo, J.-J. (2012). Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strate-gies & Management, 35(2), 402-423.
Ćulibrk, J., Delić, M., Mitrović, S., & Ćulibrk, D. (2018). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job involve-ment: The mediating role of job involvement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 132.
Diah, Y. M., & Cahyadi, A. (2020, May). Improving Organizational Performance Through Job Satisfaction Based on Em-ployee Empowerment. In 5th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference (SEABC 2019) (pp. 148-153). Atlantis Press.
Emhan, A., Arslan, V., Yaşar, M. F., & Çocuk, S. (2018). Relationship between organizational commitment, job satisfac-tion, emotional regulation and mediating effect of political perceptions: an application in the education sector. Euro-pean Journal of Educational & Social Sciences, 3(2), 250-270.
Eşitti, B., & Kasap, M. (2020). The impact of leader–member exchange on lodging employees’ dynamic capacities: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(2), 237-244.
Feng, D., Su, S., Yang, Y., Xia, J., & Su, Y. (2017). Job satisfaction mediates subjective social status and turnover inten-tion among Chinese nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 19(3), 388-392.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Francis, R. S., & Alagas, E. N. (2020). Hotel employees' psychological empowerment influence on their organizational citizenship behavior towards their job performance. In Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry (pp. 284-304). IGI Global.
Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in busi-ness research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198
Gold, J. R., Burridge, C. P., & Turner, T. F. (2001). A modified stepping-stone model of population structure in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Sciaenidae), from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Genetica, 111(1-3), 305-317.
Hackman, J.R., & Oldham, G.R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-70.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European business review.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Matthews, L. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: part I–method. European Business Review.
Hakami, A., Almutairi, H., Al Otaibi, R., Al Otaibi, T., & Al Battal, A. (2020). The Relationship between Nurses Job Sat-isfaction and Organizational Commitment. Health Science Journal, 14(1), 1-5.
Hayes, B.E. (1994). How to measure empowerment. Quality Progress, February, pp. 68-78.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international mar-keting. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hsiao, A., Ma, E. (Jintao), Lloyd, K., & Reid, S. (2019). Organizational Ethnic Diversity’s Influence on Hotel Employees’ Satisfaction, Commitment, and Turnover Intention: Gender’s Moderating Role. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Re-search, 109634801988369.
Ibrahim, A. M. (2020). Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among employees in the lodging in-dustry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-19.
Khuong, M., & Linh, U. (2020). Influence of work-related stress on employee motivation, job satisfaction and employee loyalty in hospitality industry. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3279-3290.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling (pp. 562-589).
Ko, J., & Hur, S. (2014). The impacts of employee benefits, procedural justice, and managerial trustworthiness on work attitudes: Integrated understanding based on social exchange theory. Public Administration Review, 74(2), 176-187.
Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B. L., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Relationships among emotional and material rewards, job satisfac-tion, burnout, affective commitment, job performance, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 371-401.
Lam, L.W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance. Journal of Business Re-search, 65(9), 1328-1334.
Loan, L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312.
Mahmoud, A. B., Sitladin, M., Tehseen, S., Fuxman, L., Reisel, W. D., Purkayastha, H., & Grigoriou, N. (2020). Job satis-faction as a mediator between performance appraisal effectiveness and organisational outcomes in the caribbean. BAM2020 Conference, Alliance Manchester Business School.
Meyer, J.P., & Allen, J. (1991), “A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment”, Human Resources Management Reviews, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 61-89.
Meyerson, G., & Dewettinck, B. (2012). Effect of empowerment on employees performance. Advanced Research in Eco-nomic and Management Sciences, 2(1), 40-46.
Mira, M., Choong, Y., & Thim, C. (2019). The effect of HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction on employee per-formance. Management Science Letters, 9(6), 771-786.
Muhammad, I. G., & Abdullah, H. H. (2016). Assessment of organizational performance: Linking the motivational ante-cedents of empowerment, compensation and organizational commitment. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(4), 974–983.
Norbu, J., & Wetprasit, P. (2020). The study of job motivational factors and its influence on job satisfaction for hotel em-ployees of Thimphu, Bhutan. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-22.
Öktem, Ş., & Öztoprak, M. (2020). The effects of workplace safety climate on organizational identification and job satis-faction perceptions in hotel kitchens. Journal of Hospitality, 2(1-2), 15-29.
Okumus, B., Chaulagain, S., & Giritlioglu, I. (2018). Examining the impacts of job stress and job satisfaction on hotel employees’ eating behavior. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 1–18.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
Prabawa, IMA, & Supartha, IWG (2018). Increase employee productivity through Empowerment, teamwork and training in service companies. E-Journal of Management of Udayana University, 7(1).
Radwan, H. R. I. (2020). Leadership styles in the hotel sector and its effect on employees’ creativity and organizational commitment. International Journal of Social and Business Sciences, 14(3), 169-179.
Reidhead, C. (2020). Impact of organizational culture on employee satisfaction: A case of Hilton hotel, United Kingdom. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(1).
Rezaei Dizgah, M., & Mehrabian, F. (2018). Study the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction considering the mediator role of job burnout, emotional labor, emotional inconsistency, personality deprivation and deficiency of indi-vidual success in the staff of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Health and Safety at Work, 8(1), 1-14.
Ringle, C., Da Silva, D., & Bido, D. (2015). Structural equation modeling with the SmartPLS. Bido, D., da Silva, D., & Ringle, C. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the Smartpls. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2).
Rohani, S., Mishaliny, S. N., & Haryanni, H. (2012). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: A case study on employees of a retail company in Malaysi. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 6(12).
Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact of Islamic work ethics, competencies, compensation, work culture on job satisfaction and employee performance: The case of four-star hotels. European Journal of Busi-ness and Management Research, 5(1).
Sadati, S. (2012). A survey relation of organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior with employees’ empowerment. Management Science Letters, 2(6), 2175-2186.
Saif, N. I., & Saleh, A. S. (2013). Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in Jordanian hospitals. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(16), 250-257.
Samad, S. (2007). Social structural characteristics and employee empowerment: The role of proactive personali-ty. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(4), 254-264.
Selvi, M. S. & Maheswari G. S. (2020). Effects of Employee Empowerment on Organizational Success. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(3), 2018-2025.
Simsek, H. (2020). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational cynicism levels of accounting employees in Hotel enterprises: The case of Kemer. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(9).
Sohail, M., & Ilyas, M. (2018). The impact of Job Satisfaction on aspects of Organizational Commitment (Affective, Con-tinuance and Normative Commitment). Journal of Managerial Sciences, 12(3), 221-234.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science educa-tion. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
Tarigan, V. (2015). Empirical study relations job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Inter-national Business & Economic Research Journal, 5(2), 21–42.
Teo, T. (2009). A case for using structural equation modelling (SEM) in educational technology research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), E89-E91.
Ugboro, I. O., & Obeng, K. (2000). Top management leadership, employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction in TQM organizations: an empirical study. Journal of Quality Management, 5(2), 247-272.
Viseu, J., Pinto, P., Borralha, S., & de Jesus, S. N. (2020). Role of individual and organizational variables as predictors of job satisfaction among hotel employees. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1467358420924065.
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