How to cite this paper
Alnahdi, S. (2020). Do foreign chief executive officers perform better than local ones?.Management Science Letters , 10(4), 815-822.
References
Aharoni, Y., Tihanyi, L., & Connelly, B. L. (2011). Managerial decision-making in international business: A forty-five-year retrospective. Journal of World Business, 46(2), 135-142.
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to em-ployment equations. The review of economic studies, 58(2), 277-297.
Arthur Jr, W., & Bennett Jr, W. (1995). The international assignee: The relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success. Personnel Psychology, 48(1), 99-114.
Bindra, S. (2008, August 29). The expatriate manager is a declining species. Business Daily.
Berry, H. (2006). Shareholder valuation of foreign investment and expansion. Strategic Management Journal, 27(12), 1123-1140.
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of econo-metrics, 87(1), 115-143.
Bonache, J., & Fernández, Z. (2002). Strategic staffing in multinational companies. International Human Resource Manage-ment: A European Perspective, 163.
Bogner, W. C., Thomas, H., & McGee, J. (1996). A longitudinal study of the competitive positions and entry paths of Euro-pean firms in the US pharmaceutical market. Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 85-107.
Brewster, C. (1991). The management of expatriates. London: Kogan Page.
Caligiuri, P., Lazarova, M., & Zehetbauer, S. (2004). Top managers' national diversity and boundary spanning: Attitudinal in-dicators of a firm's internationalization. Journal of Management Development, 23(9), 848-859.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2009). Predicting effectiveness in global leadership activities. Journal of World business, 44(3), 336-346.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2009). Predicting effectiveness in global leadership activities. Journal of World business, 44(3), 336-346.
Carpenter, M. A., Sanders, W., & Gregersen, H. B. (2000). International assignment experience at the top can make a bottom‐line difference. Human Resource Management, 39(2‐3), 277-285.
Carpenter, M. A., Geletkanycz, M. A., & Sanders, W. G. (2004). Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and consequences of top management team composition. Journal of management, 30(6), 749-778.
Cascio, W. F. (2006). 10 Global performance management systems. Handbook of research in international human resource management, 176.
Collings, D. G., Morley, M. J., & Gunnigle, P. (2008). Composing the top management team in the international subsidiary: Qualitative evidence on international staffing in US MNCs in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of world business, 43(2), 197-212.
Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. (1963). A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Daily, C. M., Certo, S. T., & Dalton, D. R. (2000). International experience in the executive suite: the path to prosperi-ty?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(4), 515-523.
Danielson, M. G., & Press, E. (2003). Accounting returns revisited: Evidence of their usefulness in estimating economic re-turns. Review of Accounting Studies, 8(4), 493-530.
Davidsson, P., Steffens, P., & Fitzsimmons, J. (2009). Growing profitable or growing from profits: putting the horse in front of the cart?. Journal of business venturing, 24(4), 388-406.
De Jong, A., Mertens, G., van der Poel, M., & van Dijk, R. (2014). How does earnings management influence investor’s per-ceptions of firm value? Survey evidence from financial analysts. Review of Accounting Studies, 19(2), 606-627.
Dowling, P. (2008). International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learn-ing.
Ericksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalisation process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 337-360.
Fairfield, P. M., & Yohn, T. L. (2001). Using asset turnover and profit margin to forecast changes in profitability. Review of Accounting Studies, 6(4), 371-385.
Finkelstein, S., & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). (2010). Advances in mergers and acquisitions. Emerald Group Publishing.
Fisher, F. M., & McGowan, J. J. (1983). On the misuse of accounting rates of return to infer monopoly profits. The American Economic Review, 73(1), 82-97.
Frank, M. Z. (1988). An intertemporal model of industrial exit. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(2), 333-344.
Gale, B. T. (1972). Market share and rate of return. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 54(4), 412-423..
Geletkanycz, M. A. (1997). The salience of ‘culture’s consequences’: The effects of cultural values on top executive commit-ment to the status quo. Strategic Management Journal, 18(8), 615-634.
Gitman, L.J. (2003). Principles of managerial finance. Boston: Addison Wesley/Pearsons education.
Graham, J.R. (2000). How Big are the Tax BeneÖts of Debt?. Journal of Finance 55(5), 1901-1941.
Gschwandtner, A. (2005). Profit persistence in the ‘very’long run: evidence from survivors and exiters. Applied Econom-ics, 37(7), 793-806.
Hall, M., & Weiss, L. (1967). Firm size and profitability. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 319-331..
Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper echelons theory: An update. Academy of Management Review, 32, 334–343.
Hambrick, D. C., Cho, T. S., & Chen, M. J. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms' competitive moves. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4), 659-684.
Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management review, 9(2), 193-206.
Harvey, M. G., Speier, C., & Novicevic, M. M. (1999). The impact of emerging markets on staffing the global organization:: A knowledge-based view. Journal of International Management, 5(3), 167-186.
Herrmann, P., & Datta, D. K. (2006). CEO experiences: Effects on the choice of FDI entry mode. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 755-778.
Hillman, A. J., & Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management review, 28(3), 383-396.
Holtz-Eakin, D., Joulfaian, D., & Rosen, H. S. (1994). Sticking it out: Entrepreneurial survival and liquidity con-straints. Journal of Political economy, 102(1), 53-75.
Lev, B. (2001). Intangibles: management. Measurement, and Reporting, Brookings Institution Press.
Lenartowicz, T., & Johnson, J. P. (2007). Staffing managerial positions in emerging markets: A cultural perspective. Interna-tional Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(3), 207–214.
Loane, S., Bell, J. D., & McNaughton, R. (2007). A cross-national study on the impact of management teams on the rapid in-ternationalization of small firms. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 489-504.
Lord, M. D., & Ranft, A. L. (2000). Organizational learning about new international markets: Exploring the internal transfer of local market knowledge. Journal of international business studies, 31(4), 573-589.
Makino, S., & Delios, A. (1996). Local knowledge transfer and performance: Implications for alliance formation in Asia. Journal of international business studies, 27(5), 905-927.
McIntyre, M. L., Murphy, S. A., & Mitchell, P. (2007). The top team: examining board composition and firm perfor-mance. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(5), 547-561.
Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction. The American economic review, 53(3), 433-443.
Myers S. C. (2001). Capital Structure. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2), 81-102.
Nadkarni, S., & Herrmann, P. O. L. (2010). CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The case of the Indi-an business process outsourcing industry. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 1050-1073.
Nielsen, S. (2010). Top management team diversity: A review of theories and methodologies. International Journal of Man-agement Reviews, 12(3), 301-316.
Nielsen, S. (2009). Why do top management teams look the way they do? A multilevel exploration of the antecedents of TMT heterogeneity. Strategic Organization, 7(3), 277-305.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1992). On studying managerial elites. Strategic Management Journal, 13(Special Issue): 163–182.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations. A resource dependence perspective. New York: Har-per and Row.
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodo-logical best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
Ruigrok, W., Peck, S. I., & Keller, H. (2006). Board characteristics and involvement in strategic decision making: Evidence from Swiss companies. Journal of management Studies, 43(5), 1201-1226.
Sambharya, R. B. (1996). Foreign experience of top management teams and international diversification strategies of US mul-tinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 17(9), 739-746.
Schoorman, F. D., Bazerman, M. H., & Atkin, R. S. (1981). Interlocking directorates: A strategy for reducing environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Review, 6(2), 243-251.
Slocum Jr, J. W., Conder, W., Corradini, E., Foster, R. O. Y., Frazer, R., Lei, D., ... & Scott, S. (2006). Fermentation in the China beer industry. Organizational Dynamics, 35(1), 32-48.
Tihanyi, L., Ellstrand, A. E., Daily, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (2000). Composition of the top management team and firm inter-national diversification. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1157-1177.
Useem, M. (1986). The inner circle: Large corporations and the rise of business political activity in the US and UK. Oxford University Press.
Verweire, K., Van Den Berghe, L., & Berghe, L. (Eds.). (2004). Integrated performance management: a guide to strategy im-plementation. Sage.
Walters, B. A., Kroll, M., & Wright, P. (2008). CEO ownership and effective boards: Impacts on firm outcomes. Strategic Or-ganization, 6(3), 259-283.
Young, G. J., Charns, M. P., & Shortell, S. M. (2001). Top manager and network effects on the adoption of innovative man-agement practices: A study of TQM in a public hospital system. Strategic Management Journal, 22(10), 935-951.
Zahra, S. A., & Pearce, J. A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative mod-el. Journal of Management, 15(2), 291-334.
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to em-ployment equations. The review of economic studies, 58(2), 277-297.
Arthur Jr, W., & Bennett Jr, W. (1995). The international assignee: The relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success. Personnel Psychology, 48(1), 99-114.
Bindra, S. (2008, August 29). The expatriate manager is a declining species. Business Daily.
Berry, H. (2006). Shareholder valuation of foreign investment and expansion. Strategic Management Journal, 27(12), 1123-1140.
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of econo-metrics, 87(1), 115-143.
Bonache, J., & Fernández, Z. (2002). Strategic staffing in multinational companies. International Human Resource Manage-ment: A European Perspective, 163.
Bogner, W. C., Thomas, H., & McGee, J. (1996). A longitudinal study of the competitive positions and entry paths of Euro-pean firms in the US pharmaceutical market. Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 85-107.
Brewster, C. (1991). The management of expatriates. London: Kogan Page.
Caligiuri, P., Lazarova, M., & Zehetbauer, S. (2004). Top managers' national diversity and boundary spanning: Attitudinal in-dicators of a firm's internationalization. Journal of Management Development, 23(9), 848-859.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2009). Predicting effectiveness in global leadership activities. Journal of World business, 44(3), 336-346.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2009). Predicting effectiveness in global leadership activities. Journal of World business, 44(3), 336-346.
Carpenter, M. A., Sanders, W., & Gregersen, H. B. (2000). International assignment experience at the top can make a bottom‐line difference. Human Resource Management, 39(2‐3), 277-285.
Carpenter, M. A., Geletkanycz, M. A., & Sanders, W. G. (2004). Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and consequences of top management team composition. Journal of management, 30(6), 749-778.
Cascio, W. F. (2006). 10 Global performance management systems. Handbook of research in international human resource management, 176.
Collings, D. G., Morley, M. J., & Gunnigle, P. (2008). Composing the top management team in the international subsidiary: Qualitative evidence on international staffing in US MNCs in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of world business, 43(2), 197-212.
Cyert, R. M., & March, J. G. (1963). A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Daily, C. M., Certo, S. T., & Dalton, D. R. (2000). International experience in the executive suite: the path to prosperi-ty?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(4), 515-523.
Danielson, M. G., & Press, E. (2003). Accounting returns revisited: Evidence of their usefulness in estimating economic re-turns. Review of Accounting Studies, 8(4), 493-530.
Davidsson, P., Steffens, P., & Fitzsimmons, J. (2009). Growing profitable or growing from profits: putting the horse in front of the cart?. Journal of business venturing, 24(4), 388-406.
De Jong, A., Mertens, G., van der Poel, M., & van Dijk, R. (2014). How does earnings management influence investor’s per-ceptions of firm value? Survey evidence from financial analysts. Review of Accounting Studies, 19(2), 606-627.
Dowling, P. (2008). International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learn-ing.
Ericksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and cost in the internationalisation process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 337-360.
Fairfield, P. M., & Yohn, T. L. (2001). Using asset turnover and profit margin to forecast changes in profitability. Review of Accounting Studies, 6(4), 371-385.
Finkelstein, S., & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). (2010). Advances in mergers and acquisitions. Emerald Group Publishing.
Fisher, F. M., & McGowan, J. J. (1983). On the misuse of accounting rates of return to infer monopoly profits. The American Economic Review, 73(1), 82-97.
Frank, M. Z. (1988). An intertemporal model of industrial exit. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(2), 333-344.
Gale, B. T. (1972). Market share and rate of return. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 54(4), 412-423..
Geletkanycz, M. A. (1997). The salience of ‘culture’s consequences’: The effects of cultural values on top executive commit-ment to the status quo. Strategic Management Journal, 18(8), 615-634.
Gitman, L.J. (2003). Principles of managerial finance. Boston: Addison Wesley/Pearsons education.
Graham, J.R. (2000). How Big are the Tax BeneÖts of Debt?. Journal of Finance 55(5), 1901-1941.
Gschwandtner, A. (2005). Profit persistence in the ‘very’long run: evidence from survivors and exiters. Applied Econom-ics, 37(7), 793-806.
Hall, M., & Weiss, L. (1967). Firm size and profitability. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 319-331..
Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper echelons theory: An update. Academy of Management Review, 32, 334–343.
Hambrick, D. C., Cho, T. S., & Chen, M. J. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms' competitive moves. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4), 659-684.
Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management review, 9(2), 193-206.
Harvey, M. G., Speier, C., & Novicevic, M. M. (1999). The impact of emerging markets on staffing the global organization:: A knowledge-based view. Journal of International Management, 5(3), 167-186.
Herrmann, P., & Datta, D. K. (2006). CEO experiences: Effects on the choice of FDI entry mode. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 755-778.
Hillman, A. J., & Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management review, 28(3), 383-396.
Holtz-Eakin, D., Joulfaian, D., & Rosen, H. S. (1994). Sticking it out: Entrepreneurial survival and liquidity con-straints. Journal of Political economy, 102(1), 53-75.
Lev, B. (2001). Intangibles: management. Measurement, and Reporting, Brookings Institution Press.
Lenartowicz, T., & Johnson, J. P. (2007). Staffing managerial positions in emerging markets: A cultural perspective. Interna-tional Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(3), 207–214.
Loane, S., Bell, J. D., & McNaughton, R. (2007). A cross-national study on the impact of management teams on the rapid in-ternationalization of small firms. Journal of World Business, 42(4), 489-504.
Lord, M. D., & Ranft, A. L. (2000). Organizational learning about new international markets: Exploring the internal transfer of local market knowledge. Journal of international business studies, 31(4), 573-589.
Makino, S., & Delios, A. (1996). Local knowledge transfer and performance: Implications for alliance formation in Asia. Journal of international business studies, 27(5), 905-927.
McIntyre, M. L., Murphy, S. A., & Mitchell, P. (2007). The top team: examining board composition and firm perfor-mance. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(5), 547-561.
Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction. The American economic review, 53(3), 433-443.
Myers S. C. (2001). Capital Structure. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2), 81-102.
Nadkarni, S., & Herrmann, P. O. L. (2010). CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The case of the Indi-an business process outsourcing industry. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), 1050-1073.
Nielsen, S. (2010). Top management team diversity: A review of theories and methodologies. International Journal of Man-agement Reviews, 12(3), 301-316.
Nielsen, S. (2009). Why do top management teams look the way they do? A multilevel exploration of the antecedents of TMT heterogeneity. Strategic Organization, 7(3), 277-305.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1992). On studying managerial elites. Strategic Management Journal, 13(Special Issue): 163–182.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations. A resource dependence perspective. New York: Har-per and Row.
Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodo-logical best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
Ruigrok, W., Peck, S. I., & Keller, H. (2006). Board characteristics and involvement in strategic decision making: Evidence from Swiss companies. Journal of management Studies, 43(5), 1201-1226.
Sambharya, R. B. (1996). Foreign experience of top management teams and international diversification strategies of US mul-tinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 17(9), 739-746.
Schoorman, F. D., Bazerman, M. H., & Atkin, R. S. (1981). Interlocking directorates: A strategy for reducing environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Review, 6(2), 243-251.
Slocum Jr, J. W., Conder, W., Corradini, E., Foster, R. O. Y., Frazer, R., Lei, D., ... & Scott, S. (2006). Fermentation in the China beer industry. Organizational Dynamics, 35(1), 32-48.
Tihanyi, L., Ellstrand, A. E., Daily, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (2000). Composition of the top management team and firm inter-national diversification. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1157-1177.
Useem, M. (1986). The inner circle: Large corporations and the rise of business political activity in the US and UK. Oxford University Press.
Verweire, K., Van Den Berghe, L., & Berghe, L. (Eds.). (2004). Integrated performance management: a guide to strategy im-plementation. Sage.
Walters, B. A., Kroll, M., & Wright, P. (2008). CEO ownership and effective boards: Impacts on firm outcomes. Strategic Or-ganization, 6(3), 259-283.
Young, G. J., Charns, M. P., & Shortell, S. M. (2001). Top manager and network effects on the adoption of innovative man-agement practices: A study of TQM in a public hospital system. Strategic Management Journal, 22(10), 935-951.
Zahra, S. A., & Pearce, J. A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative mod-el. Journal of Management, 15(2), 291-334.