How to cite this paper
Rahimnia, F., Mazidi, A & Mohammadzadeh, Z. (2013). Emotional mediators of psychological capital on well-being: The role of stress, anxiety, and depression.Management Science Letters , 3(3), 913-926.
Refrences
Avey, J.B., Luthans, F., Smith, R.M., & Palmer, N.F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on
employee wellbeing over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 17-28. doi:
10.1037/a0016998
Avey, J.B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S.M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating
employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677-693.
Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). Meta-analysis of the impact of positive
psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development
Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.20070
Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S., & Luthans, F. (2008). Can Positive Employees Help Positive Organizational
Change? Impact of Psychological Capital and Emotions on Relevant Attitudes and Behaviors. The Journal
of Applied Behavioral Science, 44(1), 48-70. doi: 10.1177/0021886307311470
Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S., & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). A Longitudinal Analysis of Positive Psychological
Constructs and Emotions on Stress, Anxiety, and Well-Being. Journal of Leadership & Organizational
Studies, 18(2), 216-228. doi: 10.1177/1548051810397368
Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development
International, 13(3), 209–223.
Basch, J., & Fisher, C.D. (1998). Affective events–emotions matrix: A classification of work events and
associated emotions. School of Business Discussion Papers, Paper 65.
Bernard, L.C., & Krupat, E. (1994). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Factors in Health and Illness:
NewYork: Harcourt Brace College Publications.
Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
1(3), 185-216. doi: 10.1177/135910457000100301
Buckley, M.R., Cote, J.A., & Comstock, S.M. (1990). Measurement Errors in the Behavioral Sciences: The
Case of Personality/Attitude Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(3), 447-474. doi:
10.1177/0013164490503001
Buss, K.A., & Goldsmith, H.H. (1998). Fear and Anger Regulation in Infancy: Effects on the Temporal
Dynamics of Affective Expression. Child Development, 69(2), 359-374. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
8624.1998.tb06195.x
Catanzaro, S.J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial
scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54(3-4), 546-563.
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B.P., & Izard, C.E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental
psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(01), 1-10. doi: doi:10.1017/S0954579400006301
De Raad, B., & Kokkonen, M. (2000). Traits and emotions: a review of their structure and management.
European Journal of Personality, 14(5), 477-496. doi: 10.1002/1099-0984(200009/10)14:5 & LT; 477::aidper396 & GT;
3.0.co;2-i
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index.
American psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R.E. (2003). Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and
Cognitive Evaluations of Life. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 403-425. doi:
doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056
Diener, E., Suh, E.M., Lucas, R.E., & Smith, H.L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Eisenberg, N. (1998). Introduction. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Social, Emotional, and Personality Development.
New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., Guthrie, I.K., & Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: their
role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 136-
157.
Elliott, T.R., Herrick, S.M., MacNair, R.R., & Harkins, S.W. (1994). Personality correlates of self-appraised
problem solving ability: Problem orientation and trait affectivity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63(3),
489-505.
Fineman, S. (1997). Emotion and Management Learning. Management Learning, 28(1), 13-25. doi:
10.1177/1350507697281002
Folkman, S. (1997). Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress. Social Science & amp;
Medicine, 45(8), 1207-1221. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00040-3
Fredrickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319.
Fredrickson, B.L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention &
Treatment, 3(1), No Pagination Specified.
Fredrickson, B.L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory
of positive emotions. American psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Fredrickson, B.L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-
Being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172-175. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00431
George, J.M., & Jones, G.R. (2001). Towards a Process Model of Individual Change in Organizations. Human
Relations, 54(4), 419-444. doi: 10.1177/0018726701544002
Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. (1988). A user & apos; s guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Slough: Nfer-
Nelson.
Gross, J.J. (1999). Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition & Emotion, 13(5), 551-573.
Guojuan, Z., Shuling, W., & Junli, Z. (2010). Research on the Happiness Management Model from the
Perspective of Psychological Capital. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on Innovation & Management.
Hobfoll, S.E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4),
307.
Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (2003). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology: New
York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Kiefer, T. (2005). Feeling bad: Antecedents and consequences of negative emotions in ongoing change.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(8), 875-897.
Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (1999). Emotion regulation strategies in relation to personality characteristics
indicating low and high self-control of emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(5), 913-932.
doi: 10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00040-9
Lang, P.J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American psychologist, 50(5), 372-
385.
Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, USA.
Lazarus, R.S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual
Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21.
Le Fevre, M., Matheny, J., & Kolt, G.S. (2003). Eustress, distress, and interpretation in occupational stress.
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(7), 726-744.
Lee, S.H., Ahn, S.C., Lee, Y.J., Choi, T.K., Yook, K.H., & Suh, S.Y. (2007). Effectiveness of a meditationbased
stress management program as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with anxiety disorder.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62(2), 189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.009
Leith, K.P., & Baumeister, R.F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk
tasking, and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6), 1250-1267.
Lovibond, P.F., & Lovibond, S.H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
Luminet, O., Bagby, R.M., Wagner, H., Taylor, G.J., & Parker, J.D.A. (1999). Relation between alexithymia
and the five-factor model of personality: a facet-level analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73(3),
345-358.
Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., Norman, S.M., & Combs, G.M. (2006). Psychological capital
development: toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387-393. doi:
10.1002/job.373
Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., & Norman, S.M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement
and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. doi:
10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Luthans, F., Norman, S.M., Avolio, B.J., & Avey, J.B. (2008). The mediating role of psychological capital in
the supportive organizational climate—employee performance relationship. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 29(2), 219-238. doi: 10.1002/job.507
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C.M. (2007). Emerging Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Management,
33(3), 321-349. doi: 10.1177/0149206307300814
McConatha, J.T., Lightner, E., & Deaner, S.L. (1994). Culture, age, and gender as variables in the expression
of emotions. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 9(3), 481-488.
Ouweneel, E., Le Blanc, P.M., Schaufeli, W.B., & Van Wijhe, C.I. (2012). Good morning, good day: A diary
study on positive emotions, hope, and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(9), 1129-1154. doi:
10.1177/0018726711429382
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y., & Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral
research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology,
88(5), 879-903.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and
eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science
Research, 35(4), 1103-1119.
Saarni, C. (1997). Coping with Aversive Feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 45-63. doi:
10.1023/a:1024474314409
Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., & Caruso, D. (2002). The positive psychology of emotional intelligence. In C. Snyder
& S. Lopez (Eds.), The Handbook of Positive Psychology (Vol. 159, pp. 171). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Shapiro, S.L., Schwartz, G.E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on
Medical and Premedical Students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599. doi:
10.1023/a:1018700829825
Smith, S.M., & Petty, R.E. (1995). Personality moderators of mood congruency effects on cognition: The role
of self-esteem and negative mood regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1092-
1107.
Soldz, S., & Vaillant, G.E. (1999). The Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course: A 45-Year
Longitudinal Study. Journal of Research in Personality, 33(2), 208-232. doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1999.2243
Thayer, R.E., Newman, J.R., & McClain, T.M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood: Strategies for changing a bad
mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 910-925.
Thompson, R., & Calkins, S. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk.
Development and Psychopathology, 8(01), 163-182. doi: doi:10.1017/S0954579400007021
Walden, T.A., & Smith, M.C. (1997). Emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 7-25.
Wall, D. (2011). The Impact of Family Dynamics on Psychological Well-Being in Adult Adoptees. (Doctoral
dissertation), Walden University.
Waterman, A.S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and
hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678-691.
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and
negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Watson, D., & Slack, A.K. (1993). General Factors of Affective Temperament and Their Relation to Job
Satisfaction over Time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(2), 181-202. doi:
10.1006/obhd.1993.1009
Weiss, H.M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure,
causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.
employee wellbeing over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 17-28. doi:
10.1037/a0016998
Avey, J.B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S.M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating
employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management, 48(5), 677-693.
Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). Meta-analysis of the impact of positive
psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development
Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.20070
Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S., & Luthans, F. (2008). Can Positive Employees Help Positive Organizational
Change? Impact of Psychological Capital and Emotions on Relevant Attitudes and Behaviors. The Journal
of Applied Behavioral Science, 44(1), 48-70. doi: 10.1177/0021886307311470
Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S., & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). A Longitudinal Analysis of Positive Psychological
Constructs and Emotions on Stress, Anxiety, and Well-Being. Journal of Leadership & Organizational
Studies, 18(2), 216-228. doi: 10.1177/1548051810397368
Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development
International, 13(3), 209–223.
Basch, J., & Fisher, C.D. (1998). Affective events–emotions matrix: A classification of work events and
associated emotions. School of Business Discussion Papers, Paper 65.
Bernard, L.C., & Krupat, E. (1994). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Factors in Health and Illness:
NewYork: Harcourt Brace College Publications.
Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
1(3), 185-216. doi: 10.1177/135910457000100301
Buckley, M.R., Cote, J.A., & Comstock, S.M. (1990). Measurement Errors in the Behavioral Sciences: The
Case of Personality/Attitude Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(3), 447-474. doi:
10.1177/0013164490503001
Buss, K.A., & Goldsmith, H.H. (1998). Fear and Anger Regulation in Infancy: Effects on the Temporal
Dynamics of Affective Expression. Child Development, 69(2), 359-374. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-
8624.1998.tb06195.x
Catanzaro, S.J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial
scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54(3-4), 546-563.
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B.P., & Izard, C.E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental
psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(01), 1-10. doi: doi:10.1017/S0954579400006301
De Raad, B., & Kokkonen, M. (2000). Traits and emotions: a review of their structure and management.
European Journal of Personality, 14(5), 477-496. doi: 10.1002/1099-0984(200009/10)14:5 & LT; 477::aidper396 & GT;
3.0.co;2-i
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index.
American psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R.E. (2003). Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and
Cognitive Evaluations of Life. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 403-425. doi:
doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056
Diener, E., Suh, E.M., Lucas, R.E., & Smith, H.L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
Eisenberg, N. (1998). Introduction. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Social, Emotional, and Personality Development.
New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., Guthrie, I.K., & Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: their
role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 136-
157.
Elliott, T.R., Herrick, S.M., MacNair, R.R., & Harkins, S.W. (1994). Personality correlates of self-appraised
problem solving ability: Problem orientation and trait affectivity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63(3),
489-505.
Fineman, S. (1997). Emotion and Management Learning. Management Learning, 28(1), 13-25. doi:
10.1177/1350507697281002
Folkman, S. (1997). Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress. Social Science & amp;
Medicine, 45(8), 1207-1221. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00040-3
Fredrickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319.
Fredrickson, B.L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention &
Treatment, 3(1), No Pagination Specified.
Fredrickson, B.L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory
of positive emotions. American psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
Fredrickson, B.L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-
Being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172-175. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00431
George, J.M., & Jones, G.R. (2001). Towards a Process Model of Individual Change in Organizations. Human
Relations, 54(4), 419-444. doi: 10.1177/0018726701544002
Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. (1988). A user & apos; s guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Slough: Nfer-
Nelson.
Gross, J.J. (1999). Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition & Emotion, 13(5), 551-573.
Guojuan, Z., Shuling, W., & Junli, Z. (2010). Research on the Happiness Management Model from the
Perspective of Psychological Capital. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on Innovation & Management.
Hobfoll, S.E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, 6(4),
307.
Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (2003). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology: New
York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Kiefer, T. (2005). Feeling bad: Antecedents and consequences of negative emotions in ongoing change.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(8), 875-897.
Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (1999). Emotion regulation strategies in relation to personality characteristics
indicating low and high self-control of emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(5), 913-932.
doi: 10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00040-9
Lang, P.J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American psychologist, 50(5), 372-
385.
Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, USA.
Lazarus, R.S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual
Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21.
Le Fevre, M., Matheny, J., & Kolt, G.S. (2003). Eustress, distress, and interpretation in occupational stress.
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(7), 726-744.
Lee, S.H., Ahn, S.C., Lee, Y.J., Choi, T.K., Yook, K.H., & Suh, S.Y. (2007). Effectiveness of a meditationbased
stress management program as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with anxiety disorder.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62(2), 189-195. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.009
Leith, K.P., & Baumeister, R.F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk
tasking, and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6), 1250-1267.
Lovibond, P.F., & Lovibond, S.H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
Luminet, O., Bagby, R.M., Wagner, H., Taylor, G.J., & Parker, J.D.A. (1999). Relation between alexithymia
and the five-factor model of personality: a facet-level analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73(3),
345-358.
Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., Norman, S.M., & Combs, G.M. (2006). Psychological capital
development: toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387-393. doi:
10.1002/job.373
Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., & Norman, S.M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement
and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. doi:
10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Luthans, F., Norman, S.M., Avolio, B.J., & Avey, J.B. (2008). The mediating role of psychological capital in
the supportive organizational climate—employee performance relationship. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 29(2), 219-238. doi: 10.1002/job.507
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C.M. (2007). Emerging Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Management,
33(3), 321-349. doi: 10.1177/0149206307300814
McConatha, J.T., Lightner, E., & Deaner, S.L. (1994). Culture, age, and gender as variables in the expression
of emotions. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 9(3), 481-488.
Ouweneel, E., Le Blanc, P.M., Schaufeli, W.B., & Van Wijhe, C.I. (2012). Good morning, good day: A diary
study on positive emotions, hope, and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(9), 1129-1154. doi:
10.1177/0018726711429382
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y., & Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral
research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology,
88(5), 879-903.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and
eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science
Research, 35(4), 1103-1119.
Saarni, C. (1997). Coping with Aversive Feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 45-63. doi:
10.1023/a:1024474314409
Salovey, P., Mayer, J.D., & Caruso, D. (2002). The positive psychology of emotional intelligence. In C. Snyder
& S. Lopez (Eds.), The Handbook of Positive Psychology (Vol. 159, pp. 171). New York: Oxford
University Press.
Shapiro, S.L., Schwartz, G.E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on
Medical and Premedical Students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599. doi:
10.1023/a:1018700829825
Smith, S.M., & Petty, R.E. (1995). Personality moderators of mood congruency effects on cognition: The role
of self-esteem and negative mood regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1092-
1107.
Soldz, S., & Vaillant, G.E. (1999). The Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course: A 45-Year
Longitudinal Study. Journal of Research in Personality, 33(2), 208-232. doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1999.2243
Thayer, R.E., Newman, J.R., & McClain, T.M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood: Strategies for changing a bad
mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 910-925.
Thompson, R., & Calkins, S. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk.
Development and Psychopathology, 8(01), 163-182. doi: doi:10.1017/S0954579400007021
Walden, T.A., & Smith, M.C. (1997). Emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 7-25.
Wall, D. (2011). The Impact of Family Dynamics on Psychological Well-Being in Adult Adoptees. (Doctoral
dissertation), Walden University.
Waterman, A.S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and
hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678-691.
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and
negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Watson, D., & Slack, A.K. (1993). General Factors of Affective Temperament and Their Relation to Job
Satisfaction over Time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(2), 181-202. doi:
10.1006/obhd.1993.1009
Weiss, H.M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure,
causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.