This paper intends to inspect the potential organizational culture moderating influence on the relation between trainer and social support and training effectiveness. The research model was established based on the theory of social cognitive (SCT), which involves training and organizational antecedents. We distributed 382 questionnaires, the returned questionnaires were on-ly 155, and only 128 ones were valid. The hypotheses were assessed by SPSS version 23.0. The study examines training effectiveness and its determining factors. The results disclose that trainer, social support and organizational culture were associated with the nature of positive and significant type with training effectiveness. The findings represent that organizational culture had a partial significant and positive moderating effect on training effectiveness. This paper proposes to identify training effectiveness and its determining factors in the Bahraini public sector generally and local employees specifically. This is because there are limited similar studies in the perspective of Bahrain; therefore, the existing study presents abstract and practical implications for additional consideration for practitioners and administrators.

This paper aims to model the social, economic and environmental (SEE) impacts of Pondok Tahfiz in Kelantan. The basic principle of a sustainable development paradigm lies in three aspects; namely social, economic, and environmental. These aspects guide the management of human use of resources so that any development project may yield the greatest sustainable benefits or positive impacts to present generations while maintaining the ability to meet the needs of future generations. Pondok tahfiz is the orthodox Islamic school institution that focus on Islamic education learning. Presently, the institution is highly demanded among Mus-lim Malaysian as they believe the institution provides some benefits in future. The three as-pects of SEE are commonly used as dimensions for measuring impacts of sustainable devel-opment of Pondok tahfiz. Through this, SEE is able to acquire indirect and direct impacts of education institute towards social, economy and environment. The findings indicate that all the dependent variables provide a significant impact towards sustainable development of pon-dok tahfiz. However, the economic development provides less impact for the sustainable development.

Nowadays, customer awareness on environment friendly products is getting improved and there is an increase trend on green marketing strategy. The carried-out strategy has an objective of improving the customer care and purchasing intention on environment friendly products. Reviewing the issue of customer behavior, this study aims to review the correlation among green advertising, green brand image and customer green awareness on environment friendly products and their impacts to purchase intention. The study was conducted through a survey among 102 customers of Supermarket in Bandung City who have experience on friendly products. Data from the customers were obtained through a questionnaire, tabulated and processed by path analysis using SmartPLS. In order to emphasize research result, the research hypothesis test was conducted. Research finding explains that green advertising was assessed to be important by the customer and it can improve the customers’ green awareness. On the other hand, it is stated that there was an impact of green awareness on improving customer purchasing intention on the environmentally friendly product. This study is useful for the supermarket in Indonesia particularly in understanding customer behavior to the environmentally friendly product. So, the implementation of the marketing strategy is more precise. Besides, this study can be an input for the Indonesian Government in implementing a regulation associated with the global warming issue through research on environmental friendly product.

In this article, the impacts that moral intelligence has on green purchasing intentions in Jordan was investigated based on three moral theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics), as well as the theory of Planned Behavior. Furthermore, four key areas of moral intelligence (compassion, forgiveness, responsibility and integrity) were discussed. A questionnaire was used to obtain the necessary primary data from 191 customers in Jordan. To analyze the results, partial least squares structural equation modeling was carried out. It was concluded that the four key aspects of moral intelligence (compassion, forgiveness, responsibility and integrity) positively impact green purchasing intentions. This research has practical significance in the fields of green marketing and moral intelligence, especially with regard to the dimensions of compassion, forgiveness, responsibility and integrity. These dimensions can thus serve as a guide for improving customers’ green purchase intentions in future. Moreover, the research is important for investigations into individual and company-based environmental sustainability.

The current paper was a quantitative study examining the mediating role of E-WOM when it comes to content marketing and its connection with green purchasing intentions in Jordan. The underpinning theory in this study was the social communication (SC) theory. A survey questionnaire was used to collect relevant data, after being distributed to the general managers. Overall, 202 questionnaires were used in this paper's data analysis, and the outcomes were investigated through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis denoted that the E-WOM controlled the relationship of content marketing with green purchasing intentions. As a result, this paper offers practical findings that companies in Jordan could boost customer intention to purchase green products, by achieving word of mouth and presenting suitable marketing content.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on differentiation strategy. In this study, the components of EO are innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. On the other hand, differentiation strategy indicates the product, process, market and brand differentiation. The study uses survey questionnaire for data collection. The data are collected from Muslim entrepreneurs of the apparel industry from Bangladesh. The study uses 339 data to conduct the research. After data collection, SmartPLS is applied for quantitative analysis to examine the effect of EO on differentiation strategy. The study indicates a positive and significant effect of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking (EO) on differentiation strategy. Among the three components of EO, proactiveness is found the most significant component on differentiation strategy followed by innovativeness and risk-taking.

This study aims to examine the influence of HRM practices (employees’ empowerment, job security, and employees’ participation) and employees’ satisfaction on intention to leave and the mediating role of employees’ satisfaction from the perspective of faculty members in private universities in Kuwait. The survey questionnaire was gathered from 261 faculty members who were working in four private universities in Kuwait. The study used the software SmartPLS (version 3.2.8) to test the study hypotheses. The findings indicate that HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and employees’ satisfaction had negative effects on intention to leave, and employees’ satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between HRM practices (employees’ empowerment and job security) and intention to leave. Future studies may include other samples as public universities or other sectors in Kuwait such as the education sector or health care sector.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of recycling behaviour among academicians by utilizing the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). It also examined the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between environmental beliefs and recycling be-haviour. An online survey was conducted among lecturers in a public university in Malaysia and 101 valid responses were received. Data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Struc-tural Equation Modelling. Out of the six proposed hypotheses, five were supported. Among the important and interesting findings were: (1) perceived behavioural control has an insignif-icant effect on recycling behaviour and (2) attitude plays a mediating role in the relationship between environmental belief and recycling behaviour. This study contributes to both theory and practice; it extends the TPB and also provides insightful information for university administrators and policy makers that help them plan effective strategies to enhance recycling behaviour among academicians and other stakeholders in the future.

Regioselective acylation of monosaccharides are highly significant for the preparation of both natural and non-natural carbohydrate compounds and their synthetic intermediates. In this respect, an efficient simple method for site selective 6-O-hexanoylation of octyl β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) at low temperature is described. The 6-O-hexanoylglucoside, thus formed, was then treated with five acyl halides and obtained novel corresponding O-acylglupyranosides at C-2, C-3 and C-4 positions with high yields. Activity spectra prediction for substances (PASS) indicated that these glucoside esters are potential against antimicrobials especially against fungi. In vitro antibacterial test indicated them as weak to moderate inhibitor of Gram-positive organisms. ADMET prediction indicated that these OGs are overall safe to use. Density functional theory (DFT) optimized electronic energy, enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy, entropy, dipole-moment (μ), and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) are also discussed.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role for the economic development of most countries, particularly in developing economies such as Kuwait. There are, however, challenges and problems that have to be addressed in an effort to achieve a better performance and ensure longer-term success. In the pursuit of entrepreneurial leadership (EL), SMEs frequently adopt total quality management (TQM) practices as their key strategies to enhance their competitive advantage. However, there is a dearth of studies that investigate the relationship of these concepts with the performance SMEs in developing countries. This paper seeks to examine the association between determinants of organizational performance, such as entrepreneurial leadership (EL) and TQM practices, of Kuwait's SMEs. This study uses a quantitative method. A survey questionnaire is administered to collect data from 500 SME owners and CEOs in Kuwait, and 384 are found to be usable. The outcomes of this study show beneficial and considerable influence of entrepreneurial leadership and TQM practices on organizational performance. The association of entrepreneurial leadership with organizational performance of SMEs is fundamentally mediated by TQM practices.