The rapid diffusion of digital technologies in Indonesia has substantially increased exposure to cybersecurity risks, including cyberterrorism, thereby heightening the importance of individual preventive behavior. This study examines how knowledge experience and social norms influence decisions to enhance cybersecurity practices, with a specific empirical focus on Java Island. Building on an integrated framework that combines Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study positions perceived security as a central mediating mechanism linking cognitive evaluations and motivational factors to behavioral intentions. The analysis applies Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate both direct and indirect relationships among knowledge experience, threat appraisal, coping appraisal, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived security, and cybersecurity decision-making. The findings identify perceived security as a key cognitive anchor that translates risk awareness and self-efficacy into concrete protective actions. This study extends the PMT–TPB framework within a developing-country context and offers policy-relevant insights emphasizing capacity-building, experiential learning, and user empowerment over norm-based cybersecurity interventions.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting students’ attitudes and entrepreneurial intention. Quantitative approach was mainly applied with structured questionnaires directly delivered to 2,141 senior students and newly graduates from twelve universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The empirical results show that social norms, personal traits of openness to new experiences, extraversion, conscientiousness, and positive attitudes directly and indirectly affected entrepreneurial intention. In addition, agreeableness and negative attitudes negatively affected entrepreneurial intention. Based on the findings, discussions and practical implications were suggested for improving educational programs that promote the nurture of talented entrepreneurs for the country.

An entrepreneurial mindset requires a solid foundation of various components. These compo-nents may possibly affect the entrepreneurial mindset and intention of the entrepreneurs either negatively or positively. Hence, to analyze such effect, this study attempts to examine the association among entrepreneurial education and the components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), i.e., social norms, attitude and self-efficacy, and their effects on the Community College of Abqaiq students’ entrepreneurial intention. The structural equation modeling based on partial least square (PLS) was employed for analyzing the data of the study. The findings confirmed that the entrepreneurship education construct had a significant effect on attitude towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive effect of attitude and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. Finally, social norms did not disclose any significant effect on entrepreneurial intention.

The article substantiates the essence of the concept of “social capital” as a resource in terms of formed, permanent, established types of highly effective socio-economic interactions. In addition, the main directions of its manifestation and its structural elements are defined. It is stated that for quantitative measurement of social capital at the enterprise level, it is necessary to establish its precise framework, to determine its structure and key features. As an object of accounting, social capital should be regarded as an intangible asset. The expediency of using the Value explorer method for social capital estimation, which requires some necessary steps, has been substantiated as follows: the use of clearly established algorithm of actions in the implementation of rational selection for a new product; the use of internal and external innovations in the process of generating new ideas and production of innovations within the framework of the product realization strategy; identify areas of key competitive advantages related to social capital; determining the role of the sphere of competitive advantages in production and sales of products; gross profit distribution by key competitive advantages; calculation of the potential of the competitive advantages sphere; assessment of the durability and sustainability of the competitive advantages of the enterprise and calculation of the present value of all elements of social capital of the enterprise. Five main levels of social intangibles are identified and grounded. The study allows to form an appropriate matrix to analyze the effectiveness of their use in the enterprise.

During the past few years, there has been a growing trend on luxury good consumption among Iranian consumers. Many rich people change their mobile devices, purchase new expensive cars, etc. This paper investigates the effects of three factors including consumer perceived value, sensitivity to social norms and need for uniqueness on consumer’s intention to purchase luxury products based on the theory of planned behavior. The proposed study uses clustering technique and randomly chooses a sample of 250 rich people and distributes a questionnaire among them. The study uses structural equation modeling and the implementation of the proposed model has been executed using LISREL software package. The results indicate the all three factors, consumer perceived value, sensitivity to social norms and need for uniqueness, influence consumer intention to buy luxury goods. In addition, consumer knowledge is a mediator factor between need for uniqueness and purchase intention.