Religious conflict remains a pressing issue in plural societies, particularly where political and social tensions intersect with religious identity. In Indonesia, one of the world’s largest Muslim-majority countries, understanding the drivers of religious conflict at the local level is vital for fostering social cohesion. This study investigates the role of social capital—specifically bonding, bridging, and linking—in influencing religious conflict in Pasuruan Regency, East Java, with particular attention to the mediating roles of political and social conflict. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews with 400 respondents, selected using multi-stage sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS was employed to analyze both direct and indirect relationships between the constructs. The results reveal that bonding and bridging significantly reduce political and social conflict, which in turn significantly reduce religious conflict. However, their direct effects on religious conflict are not significant. Linking was found to significantly reduce social conflict but did not show a significant influence on political or religious conflict directly. Indirect effect analysis confirmed that bonding, bridging, and linking can mitigate religious conflict through their effects on political and social tensions. This study contributes to the growing literature on social capital and conflict by highlighting the importance of indirect pathways. Practically, the findings suggest that policies aiming to reduce religious conflict should strengthen both horizontal (bonding and bridging) and vertical (linking) social ties, while also addressing underlying political and social grievances. The study underscores the need for integrated, community-based conflict prevention strategies.

Methods for the elimination of police corruption to enhance integrity, usually disregards its roots that are connected to societal elements in light of the fact that police corruption has societal causes and implementing a change of the police needs, to certain degree, transforming the community. In this research, a qualitative approach (semi-structured interviews, focus group meetings and observations) was used the analysis methods from social profiles categorized as per their degree of police corruption utilizing data. Researchers have described and examined the organizational and social determinants of police corruption to help decision-makers establish social and economic policy frameworks to monitor police corruption. Researchers concluded that poor pay, resource shortage, moral economy, and politicization of police are pertinent to police corruption. In addition, research evidence suggests that the government must increasingly strengthen organizational as well as social measures in order to minimize police corruption.

The main objective of this study is to analyze and examine the influence of project financing audits, project quality management, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices on corporate sustainability. This study seeks to determine the extent to which governance mechanisms and project implementation quality can ensure long-term business continuity and organizational resilience. The research employs a quantitative methodology utilizing Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesized relationships. The research sample comprises 432 respondents, including directors and senior executives from companies operating in the construction, infrastructure, and energy sectors that actively publish sustainability reports. Comprehensive data on ESG scores, financing audit reports, and project quality management metrics were systematically collected. A structured questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale (1-5) was utilized to measure the following constructs: Project Financing Audits (X1), Project Quality Management (X2), ESG Practices (X3), and Corporate Sustainability (Y). The SEM-PLS analytical procedure encompasses three sequential stages: model specification, outer model evaluation (assessment of measurement model validity and reliability), and inner model evaluation (structural model assessment for hypothesis testing). Data processing was conducted using SmartPLS software. The empirical findings reveal that project finance audits, project quality management, and ESG practices each exert a positive and statistically significant impact on corporate sustainability. These three factors collectively strengthen organizational transparency, enhance investment efficiency, and facilitate effective long-term risk mitigation strategies. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that project financing audits, project quality management, and ESG practices positively and significantly contribute to corporate sustainability. These variables exhibit mutually reinforcing relationships that collectively generate long-term organizational value. Project Finance Audits play a pivotal role in ensuring financial accountability, preventing fund misuse, and ensuring that capital allocation and project investments are executed effectively and efficiently to safeguard long-term financial health. Project Quality Management contributes to mitigating operational failure risks, improving work efficiency, and ensuring that project outputs conform to established quality standards, thereby maintaining and enhancing the company's public reputation. ESG Practices serve as a positive signal to the market and investors, as they have been empirically proven to minimize long-term operational risks, strengthen stakeholder relationships, and enhance future business value and organizational resilience.

This study investigates the impact of sustainability dimensions (economic, environmental, and social) on financial performance. A quantitative research design was used, and data were collected from employees working in small businesses in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sampling technique was used to gather responses from 332 employees. Data analysis was performed with structural equation modeling. The results revealed that sustainability dimensions such as economic, environmental, and social practices have a significant and positive influence on financial performance. Social sustainability exerts a stronger influence on the financial performance of small businesses. Altogether, it explains 59.1 percent of the variance in financial performance, which signifies strong explanatory power. The study findings indicate that sustainability initiatives as part of a business strategy bring financial success. Moreover, small businesses can perform better with economic, environmental, and social practices. Thus, it leads to enhancing operational efficiency, stakeholder trust, and profitability in line with the national agenda under Vision 2030. Practitioners can take advantage of adopting sustainable business approaches in order to enhance organizational performance.

The study’s purpose is to measure the impact of sustainability initiatives on the economic performance of logistics companies in Saudi Arabia. Quantitative research design was followed and data were collected with a structured questionnaire from employees working in Saudi logistics companies using a convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was used to examine hypothetical relationships between constructs. The findings reveal that sustainable logistics transport, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability have a positive and significant influence on sustainable green practices, which in turn have a positive impact on economic performance. Sustainable green practices act as mediator between sustainability initiatives and the enhancement of the performance of logistics companies. The findings emphasize the significance of sustainability initiatives such as social, economic and logistics dimensions to attain economic outcomes and business sustainability. This provides insights for managers and policymakers to align logistics strategies with organizational and national sustainability goals.

This study was to demonstrate the reasons why people with special needs could not practice activities. The researchers used some descriptive methods which was suitable for the aim of the study. The sample of the study was 42 students with special needs at Hashemite university. The researchers used a scale consist of 5 dimensions; physical, facilities, social, academic and psychology. The result shows that the academic reason was the main barrier that forbid-den students with special needs to practice physical activities followed by the social reasons, facilities and psychological reasons. The researchers recommend to hold lectures and seminars in order to spread the benefits of physical activity, to build gyms that are suitable for students with special needs, and to employ staff who can deal with different needs.

This paper aims to model the social, economic and environmental (SEE) impacts of Pondok Tahfiz in Kelantan. The basic principle of a sustainable development paradigm lies in three aspects; namely social, economic, and environmental. These aspects guide the management of human use of resources so that any development project may yield the greatest sustainable benefits or positive impacts to present generations while maintaining the ability to meet the needs of future generations. Pondok tahfiz is the orthodox Islamic school institution that focus on Islamic education learning. Presently, the institution is highly demanded among Mus-lim Malaysian as they believe the institution provides some benefits in future. The three as-pects of SEE are commonly used as dimensions for measuring impacts of sustainable devel-opment of Pondok tahfiz. Through this, SEE is able to acquire indirect and direct impacts of education institute towards social, economy and environment. The findings indicate that all the dependent variables provide a significant impact towards sustainable development of pon-dok tahfiz. However, the economic development provides less impact for the sustainable development.

Most counterfeit studies engage consumers’ intention to purchase without considering their past experiences. Understanding consumers who have experienced in counterfeit product situations and how this has influenced their actual perceptions, attitudes and behavior on this is-sue is important to understand. Therefore, this study aims to understand the repurchase behavior of experienced consumers in regards to counterfeit products and their demographics, past purchases, materialism, economic and social factors. In addition, this study also investigates the mediating effect of attitude on the relationship between the factors and the repur-chase behavior. The participants are among 200 working adults who have purchased counterfeit products in a six-month period. Multiple regression analysis indicates that gender (female), past purchasing behavior, materialism and social factors had positive relationships with repurchase behavior. Remarkably, the economic factor is found to be significant. However, it has a negative relationship with repurchase behavior indicating that experienced consumers in counterfeit products purchase fake goods to minimize the economic effect. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates the mediating effect of attitude on the relationship between past purchase and materialism on repurchase behavior. The outcome of this study can also be used as a reference and knowledge base for scholars and marketers in understanding the attitude of consumers and their repurchase intention of counterfeit products.

The shift in the business paradigm towards a more sustainable one has placed a balance between people, profit and the planet as a corporate culture. However, based on previous empirical studies, very few companies have put sustainability as the soul of their business, especially in the types of industries that are not obliged to report their social responsibility activities. This study aims to compare the quality of the sustainability report based on the GRI G4 indicator for foreign and domestic companies engaged in construction services. The data was taken using a purposive method on construction service companies that published their 2017 sustainability reports and found 30 companies. The quality of the report is compared between the three indicators, namely economic, social and environmental. The results showed that in terms of quality of disclosure, there was no difference between domestic and foreign construction service companies, whether tested per category or tested collectively. The results of this study reinforce the previous finding that companies are still very dependent on the regulatory compliance approach only in implementing sustainability, especially in the construction service industry.

In terms of investment, social and governance (ESG) issues consider various non-financial aspects of business performance. This includes the impact of the company's operations on the environment, society, and the quality of corporate governance. ESG factors have received significant attention from the investment community, along with increasing awareness of the importance of sustainability in investment decision making. Investors are increasingly realizing that taking ESG factors into account when making investment decisions can provide long-term benefits, both from an environmental and financial perspective. This study's objective is to investigate how ESG issues affect investment choices by using the mediation of investment goals as a variable in the relationship. This study included quantitative methodology and a survey questionnaire. Researchers gather and use analytical methods to study quantitative data. Simple random selection was used to perform the questionnaire survey of Indonesian stock market users, including individuals and businesses. There are 371 samples total that may be examined for this investigation. Software called SmartPLS 3.0 was used for the study's analysis. According to the study's findings, corporate governance, social responsibility, and the environment all have varied effects on investment choices. Environmental considerations have a major impact on investing objectives but little to no impact on investment choices. Social considerations have a favorable and considerable impact on investment decisions, but they have little impact on investment aims. Investment goals and choices are significantly impacted by corporate governance variables. According to this study, investment objectives play a part in mediating the relationship between environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) concerns and investment choices. Investment objectives operate as a mediator between environmental and corporate governance considerations, which both have an impact on investment choices. The impact of social considerations on investment decisions is not, however, moderated by investment objectives.