This study focuses on investigating the effect of block ownership, board of director diversification, duality of the board of directors, independent level of board of commissionaire, audit committee effectiveness, and accounting conservatism on the cost of equity. The study examines 121 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The panel regression indicates that block ownership positively affects the cost of equity. Conversely, accounting conservatism has a negative effect on the cost of equity. The company is expected to increase its accounting conservatism practice as it can reduce the cost of equity. Furthermore, regulators especially Financial Services Authority should protect investors’ rights from block holder expropriation in Indonesia. Companies need to be encouraged to implement corporate governance not merely in compliance laws and regulations but for sustainable business.

This study examines the impact of independent board of directors, executive compensation, and political connections on firm performance in one of the biggest democracy countries in South East Asia. Company performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), and firm value is measured by Tobin's Q. Meanwhile, as an independent variable we use several good corporate governance variables, namely the board of directors, executive compensation variable and political connections. Company data are from companies listed in LQ45 index which means the best stock performance in Indonesia capital market. The finding shows the crucial role of independent board of director and political connection for enhancing the firm value. Findings indicate an independent board of director can improve company performance. Meanwhile, executive compensation can provide motivation to increase company value, but has other motivations in improving company performance. Meanwhile, political connections can improve company performance and value. Thus, this study emphasizes the crucial role of the experience and the connection of the board of directors in improving the value of the firm.

The aim of the present research was to identify the influence of Artificial Intelligence and Big data on loan decisions in Saudi Arabian banks. The study used a sample of thirteen banks located in Saudi Arabia for data analysis. The data was gathered using some questionnaires distributed to bank staff. The results indicate a significant connection among loan decisions and AI and Big data. Moreover, it was found that there was a statistically positive and significant relationship between the artificial intelligence and the quality of loan decision-making. There was also a positive association between experience, educational qualification and using big data and AI. In conclusion, the results show that AI and Big data could enhance innovation which could be applied in the banks of Saudi Arabia for loan decisions assessment.

The article analyzes the impact of financial structure on the performance of 70 industry listed enterprises in the period 2009-2019. The research results show that the business performance of the industrial enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market had a negative correlation with the capital structure, asset structure, inventory structure, receivable structure, firm age and positively correlated with firm size, sales growth rate. These results help business administrators make appropriate financial decisions to improve the efficiency of business performance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of organizational commitment and procedural fairness against participative budgeting, organization commitment and procedural fairness against managerial performance, and participative budgeting on managerial performance in Jakarta Capital City Government. The populations are structural agencies of the regional work unit in Jakarta, with 100 structural agencies of the regional work unit in Jakarta as the sample. This research uses primary data collected by questionnaires. The analysis data method uses path analysis with Smart PLS to test the direct effect and indirect effect between variables. The results of this study present that organizational commitment did not affect participatory budgeting as well as managerial performance, procedural justice had a positive and significant effect on participatory budgeting as well as on managerial performance and participatory budgeting had a positive and significant effect directly or indirectly on managerial performance.

The production-distribution-consumption cycle is one of the main cycles on which the economy state depends on. This study aims to determine the relationship between production, distribution, and consumption of goods within the central place hierarchies using hierarchical modeling (HLM). It allows us to analyze indicators within several levels of data aggregation. The analysis is carried out in the context of 2319 municipalities that are part of 84 regions of the Russian Federation, in 8 federal districts. The results show that hierarchical analysis methods can be used in the production-distribution-consumption cycle study. As part of the model's results, it was noted that the income of the population and exports, which determine the demands for goods, have a positive impact on the production and sales of goods. At the same time, the relationship between production and wholesale trade, which characterizes the distribution of goods, is not so clear. The production-distribution-consumption cycle study considers the hierarchy of central places, which takes into account the division of the territory into zones based on the functions performed. The methods of hierarchical analysis made it possible to evaluate the effects generated at each level. We managed to take into account the spatial heterogeneity and hierarchical structure of the data describing the production-distribution-consumption cycle. This will improve the quality of decisions when determining the manufacturing locations, as well as providing a better approach to the development of territories by state authorities.

Banking financial performance (BFP) has been recognized as a causation of human resource management (HRM). The causal linkages from HRM practices to BFP are different. Nevertheless, almost none of the studies has ranked and compared this difference among the practices of HRM in enhancing BFP. The current study applied an analytic hierarchy process to rank the relative importance of HRM practices. For the robustness of the results from the process of analytic hierarchy, the current work employed an analytic hierarchy process to reassess the relatively important levels of HRM practices on BFP as well. The findings are robust across both of the techniques. The practice of training and development (TT) plays the most critical part in BFP, followed by the practice of performance evaluation (PN) and the practice of reward system (RM) as the third most important. In contrast, the practice of recruitment and selection (RN) takes the least important position in BFP. Moreover, the findings also provide statistical evidence on the causal links from the practices of HRM to BFP. This work makes some contribution to how managers should decide on HRM practices in order to obtain the best possible BFP.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reality of strategic auditing in Algerian Water Enterprise of El-Taref. The study is theoretically developed based on three main dimensions, namely; diagnoses, focused analysis, and recommendations. The sample of this study consists of 47 employees in the Algerian Water Enterprise El-Taref. The results of the Factor Analysis, Mean and Coefficient covariance showed that there is an average level of the strategic auditing dimensions. The results of this study are important for policy makers at the country and the company levels in terms of the strategic auditing issues.

Recently, there has been explosive growth in the development of the digital industry concept. One of the most important elements of this concept is the application of mathematical modeling methods and data mining to create models of production processes and final products, with the aim of making decisions under stochastic uncertainty. In this paper, a method of diversifying the investment portfolio in the formation of a digital twin is proposed, which is aimed at reducing the total risk by distributing existing assets (resources, investments, etc.) between the analog and digital enterprises. Three types of scenario are proposed: pessimistic - when an enterprise - a pessimist - does not show risk exposure under this scenario when forming a digital counterpart; neutral - when an enterprise shows a neutral attitude to risk (indifference); optimistic - enterprise - optimist is exposed to risk, in particular the risk of untapped opportunities. The result is a set of optimal portfolios, each reflecting a particular position of the enterprise on the risks of untapped opportunities and a certain scenario of forming a portfolio structure, taking into account the relationship between the individual components of the risks of untapped opportunities. Highlighted the advantages of technology "digital twins" for business. Digital counterparts use the data obtained from sensors installed on production lines or on the basis of the final product to predict equipment malfunctions, optimize product quality and reduce the negative impact of production processes on the environment.

In a market economy, entrepreneurship requires large-scale innovations to maintain competitiveness and high rates of economic growth, and large investments are needed to implement innovations. However, in the process of their activities, investors face increased investment risk and therefore need reliable methods of investment evaluation and investment modeling of innovations in industrial enterprises. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects. The article builds a graphical model of investment in an innovative product at different stages of its life cycle. A conceptual structural and mathematical model for assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative projects of industrial enterprises has been developed, which reflected the stages of risk management, phases of the life cycle of the innovation project and the stages of the innovation process. The main idea of the proposed model is to manage investment in innovation based on the impact on the level of specific innovation risks.

This paper was retracted based on the authors' request due to errors in the computations.