Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is considered as one of the most famous specialized forms of VRP that has attracted considerable attention from researchers. This problem belongs to complex combinatorial optimization problems included in the NP-Hard Problem category, which is a problem that needs difficult computation. This paper presents an improvement of Ant Colony System (ACS) to solve this problem. In this study, the problem deals with a few vehicles which are used for transporting products to specific places. Each vehicle starts from a main location at different times every day. The capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is defined to serve a group of delivery customers with known demands. The proposed study seeks to find the best solution of CVRP by using improvement ACS with the accompanying targets: (1) To decrease the distance as long distances negatively affect the course of the process since it consumes a great time to visit all customers. (2) To implement the improvement of ACS algorithm on new data from the database of CVRP. Through the implementation of the proposed algorithm better results were obtained from the results of other methods and the results were compared.

Many studies have focused on direct link between HRM practices and organizational performance. There is a strong relationship between these two variables that driven further research to identify the mechanism through which such relationship exists. Following resource-based view (RBV), the aim of this research was to investigate the indirect effect of organizational innovation on HRM practices-performance linkage. Data was collected from owners/managers of manufacturing SMEs in West Malaysia. 331 (60.5%) distributed questionnaires were received and analyzed through PLS-SEM. Out of six hypotheses on mediation, only one hypothesis was rejected. The findings strongly supported the RBV theory when organizational innovation significantly mediated the relationship. These results clearly indicate that organizational innovation plays an intermediate role between HRM practices (i.e. communication and information sharing, compensation, selection, performance appraisal, and training and development) and organizational performance of SMEs.

The use of e-procurement aids organisations in reducing business costs, broadening their market access and simplifying purchasing processes. However, in Jordan, only 27.6% of firms utilise e-procurement systems. Hence, the usage of e-procurement systems by Jordanian firms is still in its infancy. In this work, the technology, organisation and environment (TOE) factors affecting the use of e-procurement systems by large firms in Jordan were investigated. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings with regard to the antecedent factors that may affect e-procurement usage. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the factors related to e-procurement usage and whether or not top management support moderates the relationship between TOE factors and e-procurement usage. Results revealed that all TOE factors used in this study influenced the e-procurement usage of the firms. Moreover, the moderating role of top management support was found to be positively related to relative advantages and organisational readiness and negatively related to complexity.

The objective of the current study is to explore the factors affecting customer loyalty towards service quality at veterinary clinics in Kuala Lumpur. As veterinary clinic engaged with service businesses, it is fundamental to focus on the client’s perception of their service. A modified version of SERVQUAL was used to assess the service quality of the veterinary clinics. The total number of 200 respondents conveniently selected in this study, and the pre-tested questionnaires which contains five segments; demographic profile of the respondent, the expectations and perceptions of clients about the service quality of the veterinary clinic, client satisfaction, and loyalty respectively were randomly circulated. The service quality dimensions investigated in the research were tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, accessible, animal welfare, and pricing. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, and tabulated as descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis. All the dimensions which were used are significantly correlated with each other. The service quality dimensions; tangible, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, accessible, animal welfare were the key antecedents of the customer loyalty. Thus, in order to maintain competitive in business, the veterinary clinics should improve their quality of service with the aim of attract new customers, and maintain the business as profitable manner.

The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior as well as the internal locus of control’s moderating role and psychological empowerment between the relationships of them. We collected data from 422 respondents who are related to family business in Malaysia. Path coefficient analysis was employed to test the hypotheses and SPSS software was used for analyzing descriptive data. The results showed that transformational leadership style, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control have affirmative relationship and significant impact on innovative work behavior. Finally, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control were not found to have moderating effect between innovative work behavior and the style of transformational leadership.

The purpose of this research was to identify the role of high performance work practices of banks, work-family conflict, job stress, and personality of bank employees in affecting their work-life balance. To accomplish this goal, self-administered structured questionnaires were distributed to those bank employees who were either married, divorced, or separated, had children, and at least one year working experience in that bank. Final sample was comprised of 726 employees from 277 banks of South Punjab. The results revealed that high performance work practices of banks, family to work conflict, and personality type B behavioral patterns of bank employees increase their work-life balance, and work to family conflict of bank employees decreased their work-life balance. However, job stress and personality type A behavioral patterns of bank employees did not affect their work-life balance. Contrary to previous studies, these results suggest that moderate family to work conflict is actually good for work-life balance, and job stress and personality type A behavioral patterns are inherently not bad for work-life balance. Hence, State Bank of Pakistan should consider developing policies to enhance employee friendly high performance work practices in banks. Banks should also consider taking personality tests prior to recruiting and selecting employees for hectic posts.

Customer behavior of environmentally friendly products becomes marketing attention by implementing a green marketing strategy to improve customer’ green trust. The study concentrates on the correlation of eco-label attribute, perceived innovation, perceived quality, and green trust of a customer. The study was conducted in 2020 with a survey of supermarket’s customers who were familiar with green products. There were 200 customers who were selected randomly; data from a customer was taken by questionnaire. Then, data from the questionnaire was processed by using SEM approach through SmartPLS. The research finding determined that the implementation of an eco-label attribute may influence on customer’ green trust directly through customer perceived quality. Furthermore, it was determined that customer perceived quality could play the mediation role between eco-label attributes and green trust. Besides, it has known that the value of innovation of green products could not be affected by eco-label attributes and it could not affect customer’s green trust. The study provides a recommendation from the model of green customer behavior with mediation focuses on customer perceived quality. The finding can provide important information for marketers and producers who use the environmental issue, and it is implemented to green marketing strategy.

In today's rapidly changing and interconnected world, governments are aware that they need to adapt their operations to effectively navigate the complexities they face. To address these challenges and operate more efficiently, governments must forge partnerships, embrace innovation, demonstrate effective leadership, and, most importantly, cultivate a skilled workforce. Recognizing this need, this study focuses on examining the impact of Agile HRMS on organizational performance within the Dubai government. To investigate this relationship, a survey was conducted involving 107 employees from various government departments in Dubai. The results of the survey revealed significant and positive correlations between all the dimensions of Agile HRMS (namely, Agile talent acquisition, Agile employee engagement, and Agile learning and development) and organizational performance. These findings underscore the significance of adopting Agile HRMS approaches in enhancing the professional development and effectiveness of government operations. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers within the government sector adopt and integrate Agile HRMS practices, as doing so can create an environment conducive to increased productivity and success across these organizations.

This study explores the role of taxation and customs strategies in promoting sustainable design and environmental responsibility in supply chain management. The research examines their direct effects on sustainable and environmental responsibility in Jordan, as well as the moderating influence of socioeconomic factors. It also investigates the mediating effect of sustainable practices adoption. Quantitative analysis using Smart PLS4 software was conducted. The results highlight the positive influence of taxation strategies on sustainable and environmental responsibility. Effective taxation strategies contribute to a stronger commitment to sustainable practices and environmental concerns within supply chains. Similarly, customs strategies positively influence sustainable and environmental responsibility, demonstrating that efficient customs management aligns with sustainable practices. In addition, socioeconomic factors were identified as significant moderators. The relationship between taxation strategies and sustainable responsibility, as well as environmental responsibility, varied based on the socioeconomic context. This suggests that the effectiveness of these strategies depends on the specific circumstances in which organizations operate. Furthermore, sustainable practices adoption was found to moderate the relationship between taxation and environmental strategies, and sustainable responsibility. This indicates that the successful implementation of sustainable practices enhances the impact of taxation and environmental strategies in promoting sustainability within the supply chain. This paper emphasizes the importance of developing and implementing effective taxation and customs policies that align with sustainable practices. Organizations should consider the influence of socioeconomic factors and prioritize the sustainable practices adoption to maximize the impact of these strategies. The findings provide valuable insights for strategic decision-making and encourage businesses to integrate sustainability into their supply chain management, contributing to environmental conservation and long-term success.

Demand elasticity is the sensitivity of changes in the number of goods demanded by consumers due to changes in the price of goods. This paper compares the price elasticity of demand with and without memory effect using fractional-order derivatives. This study is designed using the development theory of fractional derivatives for the economic field in determining the price elasticity of demand. The result of numerical simulation using the value of α and p indicated that the price elasticity of demand with memory effect is more accurate than without the memory effect. Furthermore, this study concluded that the price elasticity of demand does not only depend on the latest price (current price) but changes in all prices from a specific time interval. The findings of this study suggest future studies can examine the phenomenon of market equilibrium using fractional-order derivatives.