This paper presents an empirical investigation to identify and weight elongation factors promoting science and technology parks for development of the national innovation system. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and determines the relative importance of seven groups of items including policy, financial resources of innovation, knowledge acquisition for innovation, upgrading innovation technology, knowledge distribution, human resources development and good and service production. Using some statistical observation, the study indicates that human resources development is the most important factor followed by financial resources and policy. In addition, the study has determined positive and meaningful relationships among all pairs of factors in development of national innovation system.

The aim of the present study is to identify the potentials innovation in football industry. Data were collected from 10 national and international referees, assistant referees and referees’ supervisors in Iran. In this study, technological innovations are identified that assist better refereeing performances. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between using new technologies and referees ‘performance. The results indicate that elite referees, assistant referees and supervisors agreed to use new technological innovations during the game. According to their comments, this kind of technology causes the referees’ performance development.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of different factors influencing on marketing in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in city of Tehran, Iran. The study has been accomplished among 57 SMEs out of 70 active business units who were involved in hand made carpet. The survey uses a questionnaire originally developed by Merrilees et al. (2011) [Merrilees, B., Rundle-Thiele, S., & Lye, A. (2011). Marketing capabilities: Antecedents and implications for B2B SME performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(3), 368-375.] to determine the factors influencing on marketing SMEs. Using structural equation modeling, the results of survey indicate that market orientation, management capability, innovation capability and brand capability of SME & apos; s marketing performance influence on development of marketing, positively.

Industrialized and rich nations owe much of their development to advances and achievements they have made in science and technology. These assets have not only served as engines powering their advanced economies but have also led to their exponential social growth. Thus, advancements in science and technology may be regarded as indicators of fundamental development in any modern society as it is the knowledge-based society that is in a superior position to address and resolve its basic problems. While Iran has also been taking drastic steps towards its scientific and technological development, decisive measures are yet to be taken toward developing a strategic plan for these development objectives and gaining a comprehensive understanding of its different aspects. Employing an analytic-descriptive approach, the present study aims to develop fundamental strategies for the national scientific and technological development using the SWOT strategic model. The results indicate that the development of infrastructure for access to information networks with a weight of 0.56 ranks first among the strengths while absence of a strategic development plan with a weight of 0.372 ranks first among the weaknesses. IT infrastructure with a weight of 0.608 is found to have the highest weight among the opportunities while the low relevance between educational programs (at both levels of general and higher education) and scientific and innovation requirements is found to rank first with a weight of 0.46 among the threats. Among the most essential strategies that need to be adopted, one can refer to the development of a basic framework for the uniform and need-oriented connectivity and access to IT and the Internet across the nation; creation and development of such knowledge-based systems and facilities as business and technology incubators, science parks, science a & technology corridors, and innovation clusters aiming at a knowledge-based, dynamic, and developed society; directing efforts at striking a balance between the number of university graduates and the market demands for young educated work force; and maximum involvement of the educated youths in the realization of national development objectives.

This paper investigates the effects of three factors of courtesy, generosity and responsibility on human resources development (HRM) in one of Iranian auto industries based on Yoon method [Yoon, C. (2009). The effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on ERP system success. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 421-428.]. The study considers whether having a good sense of responsibility improves the quality of information in HRM. It also investigates whether having good courtesy as well as excellence improve HRM and finally the study investigates the effect of excellence on improving innovation in the area of information technology. Using structural equation modeling, the study confirms all hypotheses of the survey and the implementation of Freedman test confirms that courtesy plays the most important effect followed by having a good generosity and responsibility.

The study sought to find out the effect of Technological Readiness Index (TRI) on the adoption of the inDubai application by potential tourists to Dubai. The finding showed a distinct relationship between TRI dimensions and the intention to make use of the inDubai mobile application. The findings of the study further proved that the TRI model as developed by Parasuraman can indeed prove the intention of individuals to adopt a new technology. The study showed that if the first two dimensions (Optimism and Innovation) are present, then a traveler will most likely see the perceived benefits of using the product or technology which in turn will lead to a positive intention to adopt such a technology. The findings also showed that if the last two dimensions (Insecurity and Discomfort) are present then such individuals exhibiting these behaviors are less likely to want to adopt this new technology. This implies that applications like the inDubai application and other similar applications need to address issues that lead to insecurity and discomfort among users if they are to attract a lot of adopters.

This paper presents a survey on relationship between supply chain management and innovation in an Iranian holding firm in auto industry named Iran Khodro. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and using random sampling technique, distributes 250 questionnaires among some managers of this holding firm. The study consists of three parts including supply chain management, innovation and organizational performance. The study uses regression technique as well as structural equation modeling and it has detected that there were some strong and positive relationship between supply chain management and innovation. In addition, the result of the survey indicates that there was some positive and meaningful relationship between supply chain management and organizational performance.

This article is devoted to the study of strategic issues for modification of the national innovation system of Iran. In recent years, National Innovation System is accepted as a conceptual framework and analytical instrument for countries’ innovation activities by the international organizations such as Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Euro stat. The main purpose of this study is to find solutions modification of the national system of Iran. The subject of the research is the international experience of development of national innovation systems, peculiarities of innovation systems in countries with developed and emerging markets, as well as systems of support and management of national innovation systems in Iran and abroad. The results of this study may be useful for students, managers in public and private sector, government officials, researchers, economists and all those interested in financial and economic issues.

In this paper, we study the impact of leadership style among middle level managers of Iran Khodro, the biggest Iranian automaker, to promote innovation among regular workers. The proposed study designed a questionnaire and distributed it among middle level managers of this auto-maker. The study uses t-student test to examine the relationship between leadership behavior components and innovation and Freedman test is employed to rank the effects. The results of t-student values indicate that all leadership behavior of middle level have positive influence on innovation and Freedman test implied that stimulating knowledge diffusion was number one priority followed by intellectual stimulation and innovative role-modeling. We have also performed multi-regression analysis and the results have indicated that there were some positive relationship between leadership components and innovation.

During the past two decades, there has been a growing trend on knowledge-based organizations. Innovation, on the other hand, plays essential role on building competitive business units. In this paper, we present an exploratory study to identify critical factors of innovation culture in organizations. We detect important factors influencing innovation culture in construction industry based on the implementation of factor analysis. The proposed study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 400 experts who are involved in construction industry. Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.779, which validates the overall questionnaire. The results of factor analysis have indicated that six factors of building cultural infrastructures, education, organizational vision, established culture, strategic culture and flexible culture are the most important items influencing innovation culture.