Retaining the best employees is of high concern for most organizations and this issue has become a significant focus of attention for many researchers. For this reason, this paper discusses different factors which influence the employee turnover intention-behavior in the organization, specifically to examine the effect of salary, performance appraisal, training & development and career growth on turnover intention. In addition, based on the social exchange theory this paper explains the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource development factors, career growth and turnover intention. A cross sectional, survey data study is undertaken to investigate the relationships in a sample of 270 full time faculty members employed in different private universities of Pakistan. Partial Least Square two step path modeling is used to test the direct and the indirect hypothesis of the study. The results of PLS (SEM) path modeling reveal that human resource development factors specially salary and performance appraisal were negatively associated with turnover intention. In addition, the results also indicate that career growth had significant relationships with turnover intention. Moreover, out of four dimensions of career growth, only two dimensions, namely promotion speed and remuneration growth, have strong influence on turnover intention. Finally, in terms of organizational commitment as mediating variable between the relationships of salary, performance appraisal, career growth and turnover intention, four out of six variables indicate partial mediation including career growth (career goal progress), career growth (promotion speed), career growth (remuneration growth) and performance appraisal.

Structural equation modeling offers various estimation methods for estimating parameters. The most used method in covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) is the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. The ML estimator is typically used when fitting models with normally distributed data. The growth of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), including consistent partial least squares (PLSc), has also been noticed by researchers in the SEM fields. The PLSc has elevated interest in the scholastic setting in measuring the performance of various estimation methods in structural equation modeling. The choice of estimation methods has substantial impact in yielding parameter estimates. There could be a trade-off among the estimation methods’ ability to deal with different types of data based on the model tested. Accordingly, this study aims to compare the performance of ML, generalized least squares (GLS), and scale-free least squares (SFLS) for CB-SEM as well as partial least squares (PLS) and consistent partial least squares (PLSc). Multivariate normal data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation with pre-determined population parameters and sample sizes using R Programming packages. To produce the estimated values, data analysis was performed using AMOS and SmartPLS for CB-SEM and PLS-SEM, respectively. The findings illustrate notable similarities between CB-SEM (ML) and PLS-SEM results when the true indicator loading is certainly high.

Customers' online shopping intentions have not changed in response to technological advancements, making it difficult for businesses and marketers to invent new strategies to maintain long-term relationships with customers and encourage them to repurchase despite unprecedented technological advancements around the world. Following these issues, the current study investigated how M-CRM, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness influenced Post-Purchase Behavior, as well as how Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness mediated the relationship between M-CRM and Post-Purchase Behavior. The study introduces the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology as a theoretical framework to accomplish this goal. The 239 responses were evaluated using Smart Partial Least Squares after the data was obtained from a random sample of Jordanian consumers. M-CRM, as well as Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness, had a beneficial influence on post-purchase behavior, according to the data. Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use The relationship between M-CRM and Post-Purchase Behavior was impacted by usefulness. Companies might use these facts to develop a marketing strategy for Jordanian customers.

Today, the ever-changing technology development is bringing an impact to the Malaysian retail industry. Smart Retail Technology is one of the outcomes of Industry Revolution 4.0 to deepen integration between digital and physical characteristics that can serve extraordinary shopping experiences in brick-and-mortar stores. Smart retail technology is attaining greater attention in the information system literature. In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the relationships between perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived enjoyment (PE), perceived risk (PR), attitudes (ATD) and behavioral intentions towards smart retail technology (BI). The 170 respondents were collected through an online survey and processed in the PLS-SEM data analysis. The results indicated that perceived ease of use is the main variable influencing people's acceptance of SRT, followed by perceived enjoyment. However, perceived usefulness and perceived risk performed insignificant roles to link with attitudes and behavioral intentions towards SRT. This study provided some insightful implications for both academicians and practitioners to understand the current situation of smart retail technology in developing countries, especially Malaysia.

Recently audio and video material has been used significantly in various online platforms. The audio-video materials enhance the teaching and learning process by facilitating the transformation of the data and providing a richer interactive environment, hence gaining wide intention within the educational realm. However, empirical studies have not examined the acceptance of the audio and video material depending on a conceptual model where acceptance is the key factor. The present study attempts to overcome this gap in the literature review by investigating the effects of media richness, speed and vividness, perceived concentration, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness on the acceptance of audio-video material. What distinguishes the current study is the fact that content richness is considered as a mediator that affects all other factors in the conceptual model. The data is collected by distributing the online survey to college students. The results provide mostly insight and support for students’ intention to use audio-visual resources in a conceptual model. The technology characteristics of speed and vividness as well as TAM constructs were significant predictors of technology acceptance. However, it is concluded that the external factor of the perceived concentration has no impact on the students’ perception and intention to use audio-visual resources. In the recommendation, some theoretical and practical implications are stated along with the focus on technology designers, change managers, and users.

Thermal deformations can reduce the product quality that causes loss of dimensional control and structural integrity. It may increase the manufacturing cost due to unfitted component. This paper deals with the thermal deformation on AA6061 aluminum alloy T-joint after exposed to heat by gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. In this study, two main parameters; welding speed and welding voltage were used to evaluate the angular distortion, transverse shrinkage and longitudinal shrinkage occurred in GMAW process. The results show that the angular distortion is larger with lowest welding speed. The transverse shrinkage is reduced gradually with increasing of welding speed and transverse shrinkage also linearly increasing with increasing of welding voltage. The magnitude of longitudinal shrinkage is much smaller than angular distortion and transverse shrinkage. Longitudinal shrinkage is insignificantly affected by changing the welding heat input. These findings are important to identify and minimize the unacceptable welding distortion in product manufacturing.

Employee productivity is one of the important management topics that received significant research attentions from several scholars and considered as a primary mechanism to enhance organizational success. Knowing what are the key factors that influence productivity is vital to ensure long term performance. This study examines the effect of work engagement on employee productivity in higher education sector. To accomplish this purpose, the primary data using survey instrument were collected from a sample of 242 employees at public universities in northern Malaysia using an online survey method. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and Structural equation modelling on AMOS. The results indicated that work engagement had significant positive effect on employee productivity. Moreover, this study provides an evidence that all of the dimensions of work engagement namely vigor, dedication, and absorption have significant positive effects on employee productivity.

This study empirically investigates the mediating effect of brand satisfaction on the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty among Malaysian customers toward local automobile brands (Proton and Perodua). Four hypotheses were developed to test hypothesizing relationships between brand personality and brand satisfaction on brand loyalty. The data were collected from consumers of automobile brands in north Malaysia peninsula from three states which were Kedah, Penanag, and Perlis. This study applies partial least squares to a sample of 458 customers to test hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate that brand personality and brand satisfaction appear to have a positive and significant relationship with brand loyalty. Moreover, brand satisfaction was found to be a mediator in the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty. The results are compared with earlier findings and implications for further research are discussed.

The aim of this study is to establish a framework for measuring and managing credit risk for fifteen leasing companies in Iran. An analysis on the influence of internal factors on credit performance will then be performed. This will enable a leasing industry to progress towards its goals and objectives in the most direct and effective way. Credit risk consists of probability of non-return. This may be in the form of bankruptcy or a decrease in financial and credit situation of the lessee. We can assume a correlated market and credit risk. The variables are extracted from the Central Bank of Kanoon Leasing Association in Iran. Numerical analysis reveals that lessee credit risk can have a substantial impact on a lease term structure.

Today, Coronavirus is a pandemic that has spread worldwide and causes many problems, including socio economic problems in society. Therefore, e-marketing has an essential function in acquiring new customers, generating leads, and generating revenue for your business by reaching customers interested in your products and services. A digital platform such as web marketing is online marketing to prospective leads and high-value consumers. Thus, the present study examined the usage of e-marketing as a model for buying decisions moderated by perceived risk during the covid-19 pandemic in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This quantitative study involved 325 respondents and was collected through a survey by filling out the questionnaires. Also, e-marketing is measured by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use as exogenous variables. Therefore, perceived risk is a mediating variable, and the consumer buying decision is an endogenous variable. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling – Analysis of Moments Structure (SEM-AMOS). The results showed that e-marketing (perceived usefulness and ease of use) positively and significantly affects consumer buying decisions. This study also applied the Sobel test and indicated that perceived risk mediates perceived usefulness and ease toward consumer buying decisions. In conclusion, this study has successfully examined the relationship between e-marketing via perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Also, it proves that perceived risk plays a mediating role (partial mediator) in the relationship of perceived usefulness and ease of use on consumer buying decisions. This tested model has become a formulation, especially in marketing science, where it turns out that during the covid-19 pandemic, the buying decision model in the marketplace is a function of the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of consumers towards the marketplace, as well as the perceived risk of the marketplace as a partial mediator. So that marketplace manufacturers can drive consumer buying decisions by consumers by creating a strengthening of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for consumers, thereby affecting consumers' perceived risk and impacting their buying decisions.