In the era of data-driven production and services, the elevation of data to a production factor has become a defining feature of the digital economy. However, insufficient investment in data security technologies has led to efficiency losses and trust deficits, which in turn hinder the generation and transmission of data value. Building a secure and controllable large-scale data market, together with appropriate mechanisms for sharing security technology investment costs, is a fundamental prerequisite for unlocking the value of data. To address this issue, this study investigates the evolutionary strategies of security technology investment in data product supply chains. Primarily, a three-layer theoretical framework comprising an ontological layer, an actor layer, and a technological layer is constructed to explain how security technologies are embedded into the processes of data resourcization, productization, and marketization, and how they interact with value transmission in data product supply chains. Based on this, a tripartite evolutionary game model involving suppliers, service providers, and demanders is developed. The model characterizes the security strategy portfolios of the three parties, derives the payoff matrix and the corresponding replicator dynamic equations. The local stability of equilibrium points is then analyzed using the Jacobian matrix and eigenvalues, and numerical simulations are conducted to examine the effects of key parameters. The results show that, first, security technology investment has a dual role in risk mitigation and value enhancement, and its positive externalities significantly reduce the costs of service providers and improve system stability. Second, asymmetric risk sharing, internal incentive–penalty mechanisms, and the security sensitivity of the demand side can substantially alter the basins of attraction of different equilibria. A threshold effect exists, reflecting diminishing marginal returns to security technology investment costs, and the positive externalities of security technologies significantly reduce the costs of service providers and enhance system stability. Finally, by adjusting the cost structure, benefit allocation, and risk-sharing mechanisms, the tripartite system can evolve toward a high-security stable equilibrium, thereby achieving Pareto improvements.

Trade-in services, coupled with technological innovation for product update, are widely adopted by businesses. However, the practical implications of this strategy for enterprise operations and consumer purchasing behavior remain unclear, necessitating further exploration of how firms should respond. This study investigates a manufacturer offering trade-in services by comparing two scenarios: one where the manufacturer implements technological innovation and another where it refrains from doing so. Through the development of decision-making models and a comparative analysis of game-theoretic results, we examine the effects on enterprise operations and consumer responses to technological innovation. Additionally, we conduct a factor analysis to assess the determinants of technological innovation’s impact. Our findings reveal that, under trade-in services, technological innovation enhances the manufacturer’s profitability but may also lead to supplier hitchhiking. Both new and existing consumers exhibit homogeneous responses to innovation; however, under certain conditions, technological innovation may trigger consumer resistance. Furthermore, trade-in services can generate a synergistic effect with technological innovation, amplifying both its positive and negative consequences. Based on these insights, we propose operational adjustments to mitigate the identified adverse effects. This research provides managerial guidance for optimizing decision-making and addressing consumer reactions when implementing technological innovation in trade-in supply chains.

Under the dual carbon target regulation, this article constructs a collaborative research and development carbon reduction model for the photovoltaic industry supply chain from the perspective of carbon tax and consumer green preferences, using differential game theory. Considering three different scenarios of no research and development carbon reduction, independent research and development carbon reduction, and collaborative research and development carbon reduction, the optimal factors and profit values are obtained, and case analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted. Research has found that: 1) The optimal carbon reduction achieved by photovoltaic industry supply chain entities through cooperative research and development is higher than that achieved through independent research and development. 2) The increase in carbon tax rates has to some extent increased carbon emissions, but at the same time reduced the overall profit of the photovoltaic industry chain. 3) The higher the proportion of research and development costs borne by photovoltaic system manufacturers, the higher the carbon emission reduction of photovoltaic silicon wafer suppliers' research and development. 4) Consumer green preferences are beneficial for increasing carbon emissions reduction in the photovoltaic industry chain.

This study develops a framework consisting of normative, leadership, and sustainable capabilities to evaluate corporate green governance capabilities (CGGC) in supply chains. The Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (FBWM) is used to determine indicator weights, and the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method is applied to rank firm performance in the Yangtze River Delta from 2014 to 2022. Results show low but improving governance levels with notable differences across regions and enterprise types. Leadership capabilities are more affected by external shocks. State-owned and high-pollution firms perform better, while non-state and labor-intensive firms improve more rapidly. The study contributes methodological and practical insights.

Based on the perspective of supply-demand imbalance, this article constructs a collaborative innovation decision-making model for the photovoltaic industry supply chain using differential game theory. It analyzes two different decision-making scenarios: decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making, and focuses on studying the impact of cost sharing contracts under decentralized decision-making and revenue sharing contracts under centralized decision-making on the decision-making behavior of photovoltaic industry supply chain entities. Research has found that: 1) The supply-demand imbalance coefficient affects the pricing of photovoltaic silicon wafer suppliers. 2) In the case of decentralized decision-making, considering the cost sharing contract situation in the photovoltaic industry supply chain system can better optimize the profit value and innovation level of each subject in the photovoltaic industry supply chain. 3) The benefit sharing contract under centralized decision-making is more effective than the cost sharing contract under decentralized decision-making.

Building on the use of digital technology in supply chain management, this paper integrates data governance service providers into the supply chain. Given the distinct nature of data governance services, the paper illustrated the learning effect curve and simulated their output function. Building on this, four different supply chain data governance models were proposed, namely, manufacturer single governance model, retailer single governance model, manufacturer and retailer independent governance model, and manufacturer and retailer collaborative governance model. Constructed the profit model for the supply chain within the relevant framework. By vertically comparing the optimal decisions and system performance across various models, the study concluded that the collaborative governance model maximizes supply chain profit and is more responsive to factors that enhance overall profitability.

This paper presents a new integrated framework combining the Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) with a generalized Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) system. The model under consideration represents a three-level supply chain consisting of a supplier, manufacturer, and retailer. The model incorporates multiple product types, each produced on a dedicated machine at the manufacturer, subject to setup costs, and major and minor ordering costs. The primary objective of this research is to optimize a set of critical decision variables, including the common order interval, order frequencies for each item, backorder levels at the retailer, and production initiation times at the manufacturer for each product type, under both deterministic and stochastic demand scenarios. This analysis will provide valuable insights for improving joint replenishment operations in manufacturing. The research begins with a deterministic model fit for the particular issue area derived from the canonical JRP. Within a VMI context, the manufacturer, acting as the supply chain leader, utilizes shared information to derive initial feasible solutions. Subsequently, an optimization technique is employed, combining marginal cost-based and cumulative cost-based algorithms, while leveraging embedded discrete Markov chain decomposition method adapting Jacobi stepping method to determine steady-state probabilities. A cost function is then defined for each action state within this framework. The integration of the VMI policy into the JRP model can significantly reduce the whole cost of the supply chain, through balancing between production initiation and backorders under both the deterministic and stochastic models.

There are few studies addressing the mediating effect of readiness in supply chains in developing countries. We use the theory of dynamic capabilities to investigate the impact of integration (INT) on readiness (REA) and on innovative product performance (IPP) and to examine the mediating effect of REA on INT and IPP. We conducted a survey with a sample of 213 supply chain (SC) managers of machinery and equipment for transport and lifting heavy loads in Brazil. To this end, we used structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses and PROCESS macro to confirm the indirect effect. The empirical results indicate a significant effect between INT and REA and REA and IPP. However, the indirect impact of REA was compromised. The literature review demonstrates that the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities (Sensing, Seizing and Reconfiguration) strengthen supply chain links, particularly between INT, REA and IPP. This article helps managers understand the functioning of SC routines and operations. To this end, they should develop strategies that strengthen SC ties with INT, REA and IPP to face future crises. This paper advances the findings on integration, readiness, and innovative product performance in an SC. The findings provide insightful implications for managers to improve their strategies. In doing so, we theorize how the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities support the efficiency of supply chain operations.

As a useful strategy to improve the flexibility of the system to manage uncertainty in supply and demand and to improve the sustainability of the supply chain, vendor-managed inventory (VMI) programs have attracted widespread attention in the field of supply chain management. However, a growing body of empirical literature has shown that participants’ decisions deviate significantly from the standard theoretical predictions. Under a VMI program, the supplier bears not only the production cost, but also the risk of leftover inventory. Moreover, the inequality among participants and different personalities of decision-makers in VMI programs may lead to the divergence of decision-making. To understand the supplier’s replenishment decision in view of the behavioral pattern, we propose a new inventory model for the supplier with the focus theory of choice. The proposed model conceives that the retailer evaluates each replenishment quantity based on the most salient demand for him/her instead of calculating the expected utility. By employing this inventory model, we construct a two-tier supply chain model with revenue-sharing contract and theoretically derive the optimal sharing percentage of the revenue and replenishment quantity. Results analysis gains managerial insights into the strategic selection of the retailer who faces suppliers with different personalities. Comparisons between the classic revenue-sharing contract model and the proposed model are also carried out by illustrative examples. This research provides a new perspective to analyze individual supplier’s behavior in a VMI program with revenue-sharing contracts.

Formative policy evaluation is an assessment process carried out periodically during policy implementation to ensure that the policy is running according to the expected objectives. Consistency in development planning includes continuity and harmony between short-, medium- and long-term plans. A smooth supply chain refers to the effectiveness and efficiency of the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers. The level of community welfare is measured through economic, social and health indicators. This research aims to analyze the influence of formative policy evaluation and consistency of development planning on the smooth running of the supply chain and its implications for the level of community welfare in Kebumen. This research uses quantitative methods with survey techniques involving respondents from various related sectors in Kebumen. Data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, then analyzed using statistical methods to test the proposed hypotheses. The research results show that formative evaluation of policies and consistency of development planning have a positive and significant influence on the smooth running of the supply chain. Apart from that, a smooth supply chain has been proven to contribute significantly to increasing the level of welfare of the people of Kebumen. These findings underline the importance of continuous formative evaluation and consistent development planning to support supply chain efficiency and improve community welfare. The implication of this research is the need for the Kebumen regional government to strengthen policy evaluation mechanisms and maintain consistency in development planning to ensure a smooth supply chain which ultimately improves community welfare.