A novel one-pot, solvent-free method for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates was developed through the reaction of corresponding alkyl halides, amines and carbon disulfide employing catalytic amount of benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide (Triton-B). The reaction conditions are milder with extremely simple work-up procedures than the reported methods, afforded high yields (82-98%) of the desired products.

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized chemically in an acidic medium in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. PANI/montmorillonite nano-composites were prepared in the presence of various amounts of modified clay (from 1 to 5 wt.%) by solution casting method. The free standing film of polyaniline and PANI/clay nano-composites was obtained by vaporization of solvent contain. Products were characterized by FT-IR spectra, SEM image, and XRD pattern. Thermal stability was also studied by TGA analysis, electrical conductivity was measured by four point probe technique and mechanical properties were studied by tensile strength. The PANI/clay nano-composites thermal and mechanical properties were observed to be remarkably improved. For example, polyaniline containing nano-clay has less weight loss compared to pure polyaniline. In addition Young’s modulus and strength at break point was increased in the case of polyaniline containing nano-clay The importance of our work is to provide a narrow look on the thermal and physical properties of polyaniline by the incorporation of montmorillonite into its structure as well as investigation of the conductivity of PANI/MMT nanocomposites as a potential conductive polymer to be used in solar cells or have corrosion protection applications.

The process described herein proceeds to obtaining diclofenac choline from choline bicarbonate and diclofenac acid in mild conditions, using non-toxic solvent, with the same impurity profile deriving from diclofenac particle as for diclofenac sodium EP. The substance is also substantially free from impurities deriving from choline and free from inorganic by-products, what means that the quality may be accepted for use as an active substance in medicine.

Many attempts have been made since 1960th to obtain ester prodrugs of metronidazole active moiety to be used for parenteral forms, with the same action against microorganisms. Until now there is not any ester prodrug marketed for this route of administration. The synthesis from metronidazole and citric acid of new ester prodrug of metronidazole with citric acid in a form of disodium salt and the way of purification were described. The structure of sodium metronidazole citrate was elucidated with IR, MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra. Also impurities present in this ester were identified using ¹H NMR technique. Additionally, the solubility in water was measured as well as pH of 10% (w/w) aqueous solution, and both values indicated that there is a possibility to obtain concentrated solutions for injection of neutral pH, even without need of buffering. Finally, the Ames assay using six tester strains S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli uvrA, [pKM101] shown weak genotoxic potential, comparable with metronidazole

The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of two novel Schiff bases, namely (E)-3-[thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino]benzoic acid (T2YMABA) and (E)-4-(5-[(2-phenylhydrazono) methyl]thiophen-2-yl)benzoic acid (PHMT2YBA) on mild steel (MS) in 1.0M HCl solution has been investigated and compared using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization analysis. The Schiff bases exhibited very good corrosion inhibitions on mild steel in 1.0M HCl medium and the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in concentration of the inhibitor. Polarization studies revealed that T2YMABA acted as a mixed type inhibitor whereas PHMT2YBA molecules acted as anodic inhibitor.

An analytical procedure for the analysis of carotenoids in marine sediments rich in organic matter has been developed. Analysis of these compounds is difficult; the application of methods used by other authors required optimization for the samples studied here. The analytical procedure involved multiple ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetone followed by liquid-liquid extraction (acetone extract:benzene:water - 15:1:10 v/v/v) and HPLC analysis. The influence of column temperature on pigment separation and the quantification method were investigated – a temperature of 5 °C was selected for the Lichrospher 100 RP-18e column. The pigments in the sediment extract were quantified using a method based on HPLC analysis (at 450 nm) and spectrophotometric measurements (at 450 nm), and extinction coefficients were determined for standard solutions at this wavelength. It is very important to use the value of the extinction coefficient appropriate to the wavelength at which the detection of carotenoids was carried out.

Synthesis of pyrano-chromenes and pyrano-pyrans was developed by three-component reactions of kojic acid and aromatic aldehydes with dimethone and malononitrile, catalyzed with nano-Bi2O3-ZnO and nano-ZnO, respectively. Reactions proceeded smoothly and the corresponding heterocyclic products were obtained in good to high yields. Nano ZnO and nano Bi2O3-ZnO were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Supporting Bi3+ on ZnO nanoparticles as Bi2O3, is the main novelty of this work. The simple reaction procedure, easy separation of products, low catalyst loading, reusability of the catalyst are some advantageous of this protocol.

An efficient route, convenient and environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis chromenes derivatives have been developed via a three-component coupling and one-pot reactions of various aromatic aldehyde with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phenols in the presence N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (DMAP) in reflux conditions. In simple reaction conditions, the use of DMAP is explored as an easy workup and a green catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis ethyl 3-amino-1-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate derivatives.

A simple one-step procedure for synthesis of new derivatives of phenolic acids was developed. As the starting materials salicylic acid, vanillic acid and alkyl haloalkanoates were applied. The reactions were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Conditions for regioselective synthesis of target compounds were established. The esters 3a-h were obtained in great yields and were characterized by MS, 1H and ¹³C NMR spectra. Their photoprotective activity was evaluated in vitro by spectrophotometric method. The study revealed that the tested compounds are moderate UVB absorbers, but could be used to augment the effect of other photoprotective agents. Their SPF values were in the range from 3.63 to 4.26 for salicylates 3a-d and from 3.03 to 3.51 for vanillates.

An effective and expeditious method of the synthesis of a highly functionalized piperidines, catalyzed by nontoxic, recyclable and environment friendly sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), via one-pot multi-component condensation of aldehydes, amines and β-ketoesters in water at room temperature, has been developed. This new protocol has advantages such as moderate to high yields of products obtained after simple post reaction workup. Structure of the synthesized compounds 4a–4j have been elucidated based on the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.