Metals play a crucial role in the metabolic pathways during the growth of vegetable plants. The presence of heavy metals or trace metals also takes a vital role in the nutrient quality of a vegetable. The vegetables are an inevitable part of the human diet and provide essential nutrients to maintain the normal functioning of human health and growth. The application of fertilizers and pesticides facilitates the accumulation of heavy metals by the vegetables grown in the fields. Consumption of heavy metals beyond the permissible limit along with vegetables may impact human health. Moreover, the production of nutritious food and its safety is an important aspect of the measure of any nation’s economy. Considering all these points, the present work was undertaken to analyze the heavy metal contents in the six mostly produced and consumed vegetables grown in Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), a tribal-dominated region of the state Assam, India. The vegetables analyzed were fern leaves (Diplazium esculentum), jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius), green arum leaves (Colocasia esculenta), pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. Sesquipedalis) and spiny gourd (Momordica dioica). The metals analyzed were Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. The presence of heavy metals was detected in all the vegetable samples.

Application of the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) for the exploration of the [3+2] cycloaddition processes between methyl propynoate 1 and difluoromethyldiazomethane T-1, have been implemented using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311(d,p) level of theory. According to an examination of conceptual DFT indices, difluoromethyldiazomethane (T-1) participates in this reaction as a nucleophile, while methyl propynoate (1) should be considered as an electrophile. This cyclization is regiospecific, as evidenced by the activation and reaction energies, this agrees with the experiment's findings. It was discovered throughout ELF analysis that analyzed [3+2] cycloaddition is realised by a two-step mechanism. In addition, study of interactions of the products studied in this paper with the protein protease Covid-19 (PDB ID: 7R98) were carried out, by means of molecular docking study). The results indicate that the occurrence of the transfer of the proton to the nitrogen atom, increases the affinity of these products to the protein (CA32-F1 and CA32-F2).

This work includes the synthesis of ten heterocyclic compounds (3a-i and 4) containing pyrimidine moiety incorporated in their structures. Structure characterizations of these compounds were performed by using elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Their toxicity as potential insecticidal agents against the adults and nymphs of cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was evaluated. The results of this toxicological activity test revealed that a reasonable number of these compounds possess excellent toxicological activity against cowpea aphids such as compounds (3d), (3c), and (3b) with LC50 values 0.0125, 0.0134, and 0.0383 ppm, respectively. The toxicological activities of the rest of the tested compounds ranged from good to moderate against the same insects.

We conducted an initial evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the model of capacity building for early diagnosis and treatment with PCI in STEMI patients in Nghe An to contribute to solving the problems and to be able to replicate the model. STEMI patients received PCI from 7/2018 - 8/2020 at Nghe An General Hospital. Retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study, intervention with comparison before and after intervention included 280 patients, mean age 71.9 ± 14.59 (years); men accounted for 69.3%. After implementing the model, the number of patients increased by 135%, the time of the door - the ball decreased (71.3 ± 71.8 compared to 152.29 ± 167.3 minutes), the length of hospital stays, and the mortality rate decreased significantly.

In this communication, condensation from different aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, hydroxyl amine, and sodium azide in toluene reflux was used to produce electronically and structurally distinct tetrazoles with a range of yields 5-94%. Zn(OAc)2•2H2O (10 mol%) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis, which was eco-friendly, readily available, and affordable. The IR, NMR, and mass spectral studies were utilized in order to carry out a comprehensive characterization for all the 5-aryl tetrazole derivatives. This approach contributes to the current chemical synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles in an appealing and convenient manner thanks to its quick reaction times, good to exceptional yields, safe process, and straightforward workup.

A series of new derivatives of 3-(pyrrol-4-yl)acrylamides 3a-l with the pyrrole nucleus functionalized by chlorine atoms and ester group, have been synthesized by simple preparative methods from the available esters of 5-chloro-4-formylpyrrol-3-carboxylic acids 1a-e. At first, 3-(pyrrol-4-yl)acrylic acids 2a-e were synthesized by the Knoevenagel’s reaction between malonic acid and the esters 1a-e. Then the target compounds were obtained with a high yield in the reactions between chloroanhydrides of the synthesized acrylic acids and aromatic or aliphatic amines in the boiling benzene. The structure of all obtained compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, and additionally checked by the mass-spectrometry. Then the antimicrobial activity of all amides was tested in vitro on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. It has been found that the gram-negative bacteria are resistant against the synthesized chemicals, while the gram-positive bacteria are sensitive to the amides 3с, e, f, g, i. The highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus MR and Staphylococcus epidermidis MS was registered for the amide 3f, and the retardation area diameter for this amide was greater than that for the control drugs.

In this study, seven cyano-benzylidene and bisbenzylidene derivatives were designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine their insecticidal activities as potential insecticides against nymphs and adults of Aphis nerii. These efforts led to the discovery of compounds 3a-d, 5, 7 and 10 with potent insecticidal activity (LC50 range from 0.0141 to 3.4351ppm). Compound 5 exhibited the highest insecticidal potency with 0.0141ppm. In addition, it indicated that compound 3b is less toxic than benzylidene and other precursors. Therefore, our results suggest that compound 5 has strong potential as a candidate component for developing a novel eco-friendly insecticide for control Aphids.

Extensive research work has been published on Tetrahydro and Dihydropyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile and its analogs have demonstrated a large number of activities. Some 6-Halogenosubstituted pyrimidine analogs have also been reported to be biologically active to a certain extent, but the literature survey reveals not much report on 6-alkylated pyrimidine derivatives. Targeting enhancement in biologically useful properties of a lead molecule through the association of it with active pharmacophoric groups or molecules is a conventional method in pharmaceutical research. With an aim to explore a better useful Dihydropyrimidine derivative, a newer 4-Alkylated-1,6-dihydropyrimidine analog (1) has been prepared. The lead molecule (1) has further been converted to amine derivative (2), hydrazino derivative (3) tri substituted s-triazinyl derivative (4), sulphonamide (5), Schiff’s base (6), a thiazolidinones (7), and 2-Azetidinones (8) respectively using various methods. Compounds 2, 4, 5, and 7 showed 50% and 8 showed 100% bacterial inhibition at 32μg/mL in single-point bacterial inhibition against various bacterial strains.

The behavior of bispyribac-sodium and metribuzin herbicides was investigated into alluvial soil. Effect of pH, temperature, and particle size of soil on the sorption process was studied. Sorption isotherms by bulk soil and its sand, silt, clay and humic acid (HA) fractions were quantified using the batch equilibration technique. The results showed that sorption of herbicides tested was significantly affected by temperature and was a spontaneous interfacial process into soil. Freundlich equation accurately predicted the sorption behavior of two herbicides. Thermodynamic parameters summarized that the negative values of the standard free energy changes (ΔG˚) were obtained therefore, the adsorption of tested pesticides in soil was spontaneous and small negative values indicate the sorption is physical in nature involving weak forces of attraction. The negative ΔH˚ value, indicating metribuzin and bispyribac-sodium interactions are exothermic processes and products are energetically stable with a high binding of compound to soil sites. There was an increase in the entropy of tested pesticides-soil systems as shown by positive values of ΔS˚. The highest adsorption in soil was at pH 5 for bispyribac-sodium and at pH 7 for metribuzin. The sorption of metribuzin and bispyribac-sodium were significantly greater on HA fraction followed by clay fraction than the bulk soil. The KF and Kd values increase with decreasing particle size particularly in the case of adsorption of metribuzin.

The main impediment to practical application is the toxicity of lead ions in halide perovskite absorbing materials. Computing tools based on density functional theory (DFT) were used to predict the intrinsic properties of potential for double perovskites to be effective and suitable for optoelectronic applications, replacing the conventional lead halide perovskites with environmentally friendly elements. The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional was used to screen homovalent alternatives for B and X-site ions in vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs₂BX₆ (B=Pt, Ni, X= Cl, Br) for solar cell applications. Using the GGA with PBE functional, the band gap was calculated to be 1.411 eV, 0.482 eV, and 0.378 eV for the Cs₂PtBr₆, Cs₂NiCl₆, and Cs₂NiBr₆, respectively. The experimental band gap value of mother crystal's (Cs₂PtBr₆) was at 1.42 eV. Next, the DOS, PDOS and optical properties were computed using GGA with PBE functional. Then, the local density approximation (LDA) with Ceperley and Alder with Perdew and Zunger (CA-PZ) was executed to compare the GGA with PBE for electronic band structure. In addition, the OTFG ultra soft, OTFG norm conserving, ultra soft and norm conserving methods of pseudopotential were used for both GGA with PBE and LDA with CA-PZ to make and ensure the right or accurate DFT functional for those crystals. At last, the optical properties and their toxicity have been evaluated for their rational design of potential double perovskite materials with improved optoelectronic properties.