The financial size of the firm can be defined based on sales, working capital (WC), and total assets of the business organization. Two terms i.e. liquidity and solvency are to be used to measure the paying ability of the business. The liquidity is a short-term approach while solvency is the long-term approach of redemption of long-term debts (LTDs). The study investigates the relationship between size determinants and solvency of the Indian pharmaceutical business organization as few studies available that explain the relationship between the size of the firm and solvency in the pharmaceutical industry. The study considers the data of the selected pharmaceutical companies in India for the period 2013-2018. Two approaches are to be used to analyze the solvency i.e. solvency against ownership and solvency against the total assets (TA). Ratio analysis is the basis of the study and Spearman’s rank correlation is calculated to get the relative relationship between size and solvency of the Indian pharmaceutical companies. The result of the relative study shows the positive and moderate correlation between the size determinants and solvency of the Indian pharmaceutical companies.

This study aims to investigate the effects of experience and gender of the managers on the relationship between internationalization and business performance of manufacturing firms in Turkey. Based on data collected by the World Bank for 263 manufacturing enterprises in Turkey and by regression estimation, the results show that the relationship between internationalization and firm performance was enhanced when the manager had more years of experience. In contrast, this relationship will be reduced when the business has a female executive manager. The result adds to the empirical evidence and reinforces the theory of internationalization, especially in transition economies. The implications of the research are to help policymakers to promulgate appropriate policies to support and accelerate the internationalization of businesses.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of interpersonal communication in moderating the influence of work competence and work stress on employee performance. The research object was the employee of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. in Rengat branch. The samples of this research were 103 employees and the sampling was applied using saturated sampling technique. This study used a closed questionnaire and the data from the questionnaire were processed using SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study were: (1) Competency variable had a significant effect on employee performance, (2) Work stress variable had no effect on employee performance, (3) Interpersonal communication variable did not moderate the influence of work competence on employee performance, and (4) Interpersonal communication variable moderated the influence of work stress on employee performance of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. in Rengat branch.

The study aims to explore the impact of internal social capital banking on the operations of commercial banks in Vietnam. The study is executed in two phases. Phase 1 uses the expert method to build scales and design survey questions. In phase two, scale test and structural equation model analysis (SEM) are performed with a sample of 243 questionnaires for directors and deputy directors of branches of 32 commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City. It also analyzes the contribution of the structure of the relational network within the bank and the quality of the relational network. The research results show that internal banking social capital affects all three operations; namely mobilization, lending and service provision of the banks. Based on the research results, the study proposes an analytical framework to improve the quality of internal banking relationships.

Financial information that meets the user’s requirements must be accurate, sufficient, timely and reliable. Consequently, national laws and international auditing standards require the auditor to provide confidence in the audited financial information. To achieve this, the auditor independence must be ensured. The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting the auditor independence in financial statements audit in Vietnam. The identified factors are audit tenure; the provision of non-audit services; economic dependence; employment with audit clients; competition within the external audit market; the risk to the auditor from the provision of poor-quality audit services, and the disclosure of financial relations. Data of the study were collected through a survey of auditor, audit firms and users of financial statements such as managers, investors, accountants, etc. The findings are the basis for proposing recommendations to more enhance the auditor independence and audit quality in financial statements in VietNam.

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and understanding of manufacturing industry managers in Indonesia in an effort to measure the effectiveness of management accounting changes, especially under the conditions of environmental uncertainty. In this study, a research questionnaire was used, and was sent directly to the respondents through surveyors and email to 389 manufacturing companies. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Statistical techniques were based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and descriptive analysis, namely mean and mode. The results of this study provide a theoretical contribution that the success of management accounting practices is caused by the application of the right organizational structure and strategy within the company. The areas of expertise, commitment, participation, and existing human resources are well managed in accordance with the company's vision and mission. It is expected that the company's management would be able to deal with environmental changes in improving its performance by changing management accounting practices.

The aim of this paper is to identify the influence of BPK audit results on financial performance of districts / city local government in Sumatera. The technique of collecting data is document analysis which is distributed among 390 out of 492 of the local government financial statements of Sumatra, Indonesia. The joined data are processed with Eviews 9.0 using the Random Influence Model (REM). The results indicate that audit opinion had no significant effect on financial performance of local government. Moreover, audit findings had no significant effect on the financial performance of local government. The research results can be beneficial for government as a reference to improve financial performance.

This article examines 57 companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2020, to check whether or not investors' sentiment impacts the return of these stocks. Investor's daily sentiment towards each stock was measured by the psychological line index. The results of the study using both regression methods, Fama-MacBeth and General Least Squares, show that the influence of investor sentiment to return stocks in the stock market was significant and could not be ignored. Besides, the psychological factor of investors, their trading behavior causing stock supply-demand imbalance were all important factors affecting stock return. The study also found that the effect of firm size on stock returns was more pronounced when both investor sentiment and behavior were used in research models. The finding from this study suggests that individual investors who trade stocks every day can use psychological line index, which is one of the groups of decision-making indicators.

This study aims to study the macroeconomic factors that affect the rate of return of securities in the transport and service category of the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The category comprises three groups: media services, tourism, hotel and recreation and transport and logistics. The study employs quarterly data from 2001 to 2019 estimated with the ARDL bounds testing approach. The results reveal that media services, tourism, hotel and recreation and transport and logistics groups in the tourism and service category were cointegrated with stock exchange volume (in thousands of shares), exchange rate, gold bullion price, interest rate and diesel oil price. This study also found the long-term equilibriums of the macroeconomic factors deviated from the short-run to long run for three groups. The gold bullion price factor is a major factor in determining the long run. This study suggests that the gold bullion price is an alternative indicator for investment. Investors in the transport and logistics group should focus on the exchange rate, the gold bullion price, the interest rate and the diesel oil price before investment. Investors should consider the level of the exchange rate before investing in the media service group in the Stock Exchange of Thailand while investors in the tourism, hotel and recreation group of the Stock Exchange of Thailand should be recognize the stock exchange volume.

This study focuses on investigating the effect of block ownership, board of director diversification, duality of the board of directors, independent level of board of commissionaire, audit committee effectiveness, and accounting conservatism on the cost of equity. The study examines 121 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The panel regression indicates that block ownership positively affects the cost of equity. Conversely, accounting conservatism has a negative effect on the cost of equity. The company is expected to increase its accounting conservatism practice as it can reduce the cost of equity. Furthermore, regulators especially Financial Services Authority should protect investors’ rights from block holder expropriation in Indonesia. Companies need to be encouraged to implement corporate governance not merely in compliance laws and regulations but for sustainable business.