Determining cash holdings is amongst the most important financial decisions made by heads of corporations. This decision relies on theoretical convictions and views as well as firm specific characteristics. This article analyzes the determinants of cash management in Moroccan corporations. By mobilizing all the theories of optimal financial structure, our research attempts to focus on the field of knowledge in the financial management of cash surpluses. No analysis has been carried out concerning cash and cash equivalents in Moroccan firms. These results could, therefore, contextualize the existing knowledge in this research theme and better understand the behavior of companies and their main trends in terms of cash flow, as well as the objectives and motivations of managers. The sample studied consists of 42 Moroccan companies, which are all publicly traded on the Casablanca Stock Exchange over 13 years (2007-2019). This research uses an empirical econometric study based on a positivist approach with a hypothetical-deductive method. We use panel regression analysis and perform all the necessary tests to determine the exact nature of this dataset. Our results show some evidence that a strong positive correlation exists between liquidity level and cash-flow as well as family shareholding. It is also found that the cash holdings of these companies are significantly negatively affected by how large or small the firm is, working capital requirement, debt leverage, as well as growth opportunity of the firm.

This research empirically investigates the role of the enterprise risk management system implementation level in capturing firm managerial incentives. The system plays an important role in understanding the association between international financial reporting standards and the capital market. Listed firms in the Australian market were used for the period 2000-2010 for this purpose. The study results imply that implementing higher levels of ERM by Australian firms during the mandatory IFRS adoption period does not capture firm incentives in IFRS period. Consequently, these results suggest that the implementation of ERM by Australian firms does not reduce the contractual costs between investors and management, whilst adopting IFRS does. Future research may use other techniques and/or strategies other than ERM, to capture the firm incentives, and as a result, may have economic consequences.

This study examines the connection of major family shareholders with management’s effective attributes, namely; board size and board meetings as an interaction term among 464 manufacturing listed companies in the setting of Saudi Arabia for the period 2012-2019. The pooled OLS regression result indicated that the major family shareholders were associated negatively with management’s effectiveness. The main result documented by this study is of utmost importance to policy makers, regulators, companies, and auditors in Saudi Arabia on understanding the extent to which the major shareholders influence the degree of management’s effectiveness.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in economic growth for developing countries where there is always a shortage of investment capital. Its role is manifested through promoting economic restructuring, expanding markets, promoting exports, developing human resources and providing new technologies for development. Therefore, FDI has always been addressed as the top concern of governments in developing countries. However, FDI inflows often fluctuate because of many factors related to the competitive environment, such as market size, economic openness, competition in labor resources, etc. There are many empirical studies related to FDI inflows. However, most of these studies are carried out in developed countries. Meanwhile, in developing countries, there is not as much as this kind of study. On the other hand, the empirical research results are not consistent. This article will analyze the factors affecting FDI in the Northwest region of Vietnam in the context of global economic integration in the period of 2000 - 2019, from which we draw out the policy implications that can be applied to Vietnam.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of some demographic characteristics of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on Financial Reporting Timeliness (FRT) in Saudi Arabia. More particularly, this study aims to test whether or not CEO characteristics, namely, tenure, accounting financial expertise, and sociability are associated with FRT. The sample of this study consists of 119 non-financial firms listed on Tadawul Stock Exchange for a period of four years (2014-2017). We use panel regressions and two proxies of FRT. Our findings report that a long-tenured CEO is associated with timely financial reports when the IFRS transition is simultaneously considered. This result implies that companies with a long-tenured CEO reduce the period taken to prepare and disclose their financial reports in the period of IFRS transition. Our findings show that CEO accounting financial expertise is significantly associated with timely financial reporting. This result implies that companies with a CEO who is an accounting financial expert reduce the period taken to prepare and disclose their financial reports on the capital market website. Our findings also report that CEO sociability is significantly associated with timely financial reporting in all instances. This result suggests that companies with a more sociable CEO reduce the period taken to prepare and disclose their financial reports on the capital market website. This result implies that when the CEO is more sociable via social media, firms tend to be more active in disclosing their annual reports timely. Overall, findings report that CEO characteristics do matter regarding the timeliness of financial reporting. Results are robust to an alternative measure of financial reporting timeliness. Our findings should be of interest to policymakers and regulators in Saudi Arabia in formulating new policies as they need to play a role in ensuring the shorter gap of financial report delay. The findings of this research have also a practical implication for shareholders and boards of directors in selecting a new CEO by taking into consideration their accounting financial expertise and their sociability on social media. Findings of this research contribute to the growing literature by examining the effect of CEO characteristics on timely reporting in Saudi Arabia, an understudied and unique context. The present study also complements the recent literature on the determinants of financial reporting timeliness by providing evidence that the sociability and accounting financial expertise of top leaders improve the financial reporting timeliness.

This paper is intended to explore the manifestation of attributes in reflecting audit quality as set by International Auditing and Assurance Standard Board (IAASB). This research focuses on the attributes of Input-Process-Output factors for engagement (auditor) and firm (public accounting firm) level. The input factors considered are: values, ethics, and attitude, knowledge, skill and experience. The process factors considered are: audit process, and quality assurance. The output factor considered is the audit report. The data gathered from 250 senior auditors who work in 100 public accounting firms in Indonesia. The data analysis and hypotheses testing were processed using Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis - Structural Equation Model (SEM) - SmartPLS 3.0. The results of the study confirmed that input, process, and output factors manifest the audit quality. All attributes of values, ethics and attitude for engagement and firm level, positively manifest the audit quality. All attributes of knowledge, experience and time, for engagement and firm level, positively manifest the audit quality. All attributes of audit process and quality assurance, for engagement and form level, positively manifest the audit quality. All attributes of output (audit report), for engagement and firm level, positively manifest the audit quality.

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation on job satisfaction, career development on job satisfaction, and the effect of compensation and career development together on lecturer job satisfaction at private universities. This research uses quantitative methods with a total sample of 98 people spread across private universities in Serang City with B and C accreditation. The analytical tool used in this study uses multiple regression with the SPSS version 24 tool. The results of this study are compensation influences on lecturer job satisfaction, career development influences on lecturer job satisfaction, and compensation and career development together influence lecturer job satisfaction.

This study aims to propose and apply a systematic and descriptive presentation of the costs of administrative coordination and organizational costs for a third-party company in the manufacturing enterprises of individual business functions. As for the procedures, it is a bibliographic research, based on Design Science Research, which proposes a new artifact based on the review of the literature and which starts to be applied based on the Iraqi Financial Control Council and Financial rules followed to achieve financial discipline. Special methods in which it was chosen to apply techniques such as observation, it is a practical means of cognition determining costs revenue that help to understand and identify the problems of the implementation of the main functions of financial, accounting and administrative performance. The research proposes the classify costs according to the types of industrial objects, contracts, and agreements based on the requirements of standard No. 1 “Measurement of performance results under employment contracts.

Based on the financial statements of real estate companies listed on Vietnamese stock market, the study has been conducted on factors affecting capital structure. The paper uses GLS (generalized least squared) estimation method related to panel data as well as testing to select the most appropriate model. Research results show that profitable real estate businesses, the ratio of fixed assets to total assets and the number of years of operation have a negative effect on capital structure. In contrast, renewable energy, size and growth are three factors that have positive effects on capital structure. In addition, the corporate income tax rate does not affect the capital structure decisions of real estate businesses. Through research, recommendations for the real estate business executives have been proposed to build an effective capital structure.

The aim of this study is focused on how monetary, energy consumption and other factors affect economic growth of the country of Vietnam. Based on collected secondary data covering from the World Bank and Vietnam’s General Statistics Office from 1985 to 2019, and some data collected from the State Bank of Vietnam, Vector Autoregressive Model was considered to apply in order to investigate this relationship. Results show that there exists an association among monetary policy, renewable energy and the country’s economic growth. Especially, the country’s exchange rate shows no influence on its economic growth while interest rate has negative effects and particularly money supply and renewable energy have a positive influence on the same direction and has a strong impact on economic growth.