This paper presents a survey on the role of citizenship education in development of urban branding in city of Tehran, Iran. The study considers the effects of attitude, subjective norms, perceived control and intend adopted by the local community on development of urban branding. We design a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among 400 randomly chosen people in city of Tehran, Iran. Cronbach alphas for all components of the survey are well above the desirable level. Using Pearson correlation test as well as stepwise regression techniques, the study has determined a positive and meaningful effects of perceived control and intend adopted by the local community on urban branding.

Privatization is considered as the transfer of business from the government to the private sector. This process is often accomplished in an attempt to reduce the size of government, increase the productivity and export activities. There is no doubt that in an export oriented economy, government tries to promote expert based activities by making necessary changes on rules and regulations. This paper presents an empirical investigation to determine important factors on promoting export in Iran. The study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale and distributes it among some experts active in steel industry. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is equal to 0.839 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity yields an approximation Chi-Square value of 2485.02 (Sig. = 0.000, df = 276). Using principle component analysis with Varimax rotation, the study has detected five important factors including human resources development, productivity management, marketing management, creating competitive environment and building necessary infrastructures, which influence the most on export activities.

Managers are ever seeking for better ways of managing their constraints to improve their company’s value chain performance and competitiveness. Although previous literature explored constraint management, it was inconclusive as to how constraint management could affect the value chain performance in tea processing chains. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between constraint management and firm value chain performance of tea processing firms. This study undertook an empirical study using survey questionnaire design to collect data. The respondents were production managers who have experience in production activities. The study applied multiple correlation and regression models to test the hypothesis. The results indicate that constraints management had a significant positive impact on improvement in quality, time, flexibility, cost and resource utilization in tea firms. This study provides a broad analysis of how organizations can improve their value chain performance for sustainable development by managing various constraints in the internal value chain. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study of the relationship between constraints management and value chain performance using data from tea processing firms operating in Kenya.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of transformational leadership style and organizational culture on the formation of organizational cynicism in the Agricultural Bank in city of Tehran. The population of this study consisted of 1022 employees of the Agricultural Bank of Tehran. A total of 304 questionnaires were distributed, of which 264 valid questionnaires were collected. These questionnaires were distributed randomly among the male and female employees in Tehran branches of Agricultural Bank. Standard questionnaire of transformational leadership model, standard questionnaire of organizational culture model and organizational cynicism were applied in this study. In this study SPSS19 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data. Hypothesis testing showed that at first, Transformational leadership style had no significant effect on the formation of organizational cynicism in the Agricultural Bank in Tehran, and organizational culture had a significant negative impact on the formation of organizational cynicism in the Agricultural Bank in the second hypothesis.

In connection with the global financial and economic crisis, the leading countries have made adjustments to the economic strategies and policies to stabilize the post-crisis economy. The goal of transnationalization is, on the one hand, to reduce quickly the technological gap between domestic producers and their Western competitors, and on the other hand, to win more dynamic demand at lower costs. Ownership structure and market positioning have become two factors that determine the strategic motivation of Transnational corporations (TNCs) and the ways of their expansion. The aim of the study is to analytically generalize the globalization trends of TNCs in the field of production, taking into account industry definitions and point determination of factors influencing the effectiveness of its adaptation in industry. The profiles of adaptation of transnationalization in the sphere of production of Germany, France and the Netherlands were singled out in separate analytical sets, which allowed to reveal heterogeneity of economic practices and branch changes in the sphere of production and to determine the degree of influence of array of variables (factors): Production value and Gross operating surplus profitability of multinational companies, in the sectoral context (domestic production, ISIC Rev 4, 21 industry), as a “basket” of reserve instruments to increase the profitability of production in TNCs.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships of audit committee size, audit committee meetings and audit quality with corporate performance among the energy industry in Saudi Arabia using 54 firm-year observations for the period ranging from 2005 to 2018. The Pooled Ordinary-Least Square OLS regression’ results indicate that audit committee size was positively associated with corporate performance in the both return on assets (ROA) and return on equities (ROE) models. As for the audit committee meetings, there is a negative relationship with the ROE model, while this relationship has not been reported by the ROA model. In terms of audit quality, there is a positive association reported in both ROA and ROE models. The results documented by this study are important for decision makers at the company and the market levels.

This paper investigates the relationship between business barriers and the degree of internationalization of manufacturing enterprises in Peru. Using a panel data survey of 869 companies over the year 2006, 2010 and 2017, with Tobit regression model, the empirical results show that competition and transportation have negative impacts on internationalization process, whilst factors like international certification, tax administration, custom clearance and bribery cost have positive impacts. In addition, the factors that belong to individual managers affecting the internationalization of firms are not statistically significant. The study will give policy makers more information to support Vietnamese businesses in the process of internationalization.

This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of financial depth on corporate performance. The study data is collected by the author from World Bank statistics and financial statements of companies in the logistics sector, which is a relatively young industry but has great potential for development in Vietnam. Using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to estimate the study model, the author finds out a significant impact of financial depth on corporate performance. In particular, the financial depth from a banking perspective has a positive impact on corporate performance. However, the financial depth from a stock market perspective has not brought positive results to the corporate performance. Not only that, the author also finds out significant impacts of financial leverage and firm size control variables on corporate performance. Therefore, it can be said that the financial depth from the perspective of banks plays an important role in stimulating the corporate performance. Meanwhile, the financial depth from the perspective of the stock market has not shown this role, this is the difference between this study result and the previous studies. The results of this study are important for logistics managers and policymakers in Vietnam.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customer loyalty in the case of Vietnam Airlines, the flag carrier in Vietnam, in which CSR is a multi-dimensional construct including economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental responsibilities. The study was accomplished by implementing a survey on a sample of 370 Vietnamese passengers using 24 Likert-type items drawn from theoretical literature. The multiple regression model was applied to analyze the impact of five latent independent variables on the dependent variable - customer loyalty. The results indicate that for the case of Vietnam Airlines, all five CSR dimensions significantly and positively affect customer loyalty and legal responsibility should be emphasized as the most important dimension. The findings convey practical implications for airlines to boost customer loyalty by identifying relevant CSR dimensions on which airlines should focus in their corporate strategy.

The working capital of the business organization is the excess of current assets over current liabilities. The working capital (WC) governs sales of the business organization directly while sales define the profits. Working capital activates the fixed resources and utilizes the factors of production and it is a bases for the production of goods and services. Working capital is the factor that plays a vital role in the enhancement of sales turnover and profits, ultimately. The present study considers and covers the financial data of selected Indian pharmaceutical companies for the period 2013-2018 for the study of the impact of profitability of the working capital on sales and profits. Ratio analysis is the base of the study while some statistical techniques are to be used to get the mutual relationship, trend, and co-movement of the WC and sales, earnings before interest, depreciation, and tax (EBIDT), profit before tax (PBT), and profit after tax (PAT) of the selected Indian pharmaceutical companies. The combined inferences of the absolute and relational study explain that the WC governs the profit positively but not proportionately. There is a need to control the indirect expenses or non-manufacturing expenses of the business to enhance the profitability corresponding to WC movement.