This study explores the role of organizational culture (OC) in the relationship between entrepre-neurial orientation (EO) and Bangladeshi small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. Their relationship obtains a substantial scholarly attention, however very few empirical studies have been conducted among Bangladeshi SMEs. Generally, SMEs contribute to the economy through employment generation, poverty reduction, innovation, social cohesion, and so on, which in turn contribute to the growth domestic product (GDP) of Bangladesh. Hence, SMEs are considered as a key reactor of economic growth in Bangladesh. Grounded on the literature and theoretical fact, a model was developed and intended to examine this relationship. A quantitative survey technique was exercised and the data were collected from the randomly selected 384 owners of SMEs in Dhaka–Bangladesh. The data were analyzed by using SEM-AMOS. Based on the statistical results, EO and OC were significantly related to SME performance and OC was found to mediate the relationship between EO and SME performance. This study will help entrepreneurs as well as policy makers make better decisions for maximizing SME performance through improving OC in the competitive global economy.

This research presents a new bi-level bi-objective production-routing-inventory model for a medi-cine supply chain. In this case, the production is executed by multi-separated producers in a multi-production line for different kinds of medicines which will be saved in stores for delivering to cus-tomers. The capacitated vehicle routing problem is considered in designing a distribution system from stores to customers. The goal of this model is to make a suitable trade-off between the customer satisfaction and the budget cost. This problem has been formulated in a bi-level form where the first objective function is the minimization of the budget during the scheduled time and the second one is the minimization of the shortage amount associated with the lost sale of medicine demands delivering to drug stores. Uncertainty is considered as a nature of the main parameters of the problem. Then the robust approach was used to handle the associated uncertainty of related parameters and the resulted problem is solved by Benders decomposition algorithm. The results indi-cate that the model make an improvement in medicine supply chain.

The simultaneous scheduling decisions between production systems and material handling systems are highly significant for a substantial reduction in makespan and improvement in throughput of flexible manufacturing system resources. In the absence of appropriate scheduling of production resources, the optimum utilization of FMS resources is not harnessed which turns into wastage of resources. In the present study, investigations are carried out for the sustainable multi-objective scheduling of automatic guided vehicle and flexible manufacturing system by the application of a grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO). Initially the Giffler and Thompson (GT) algorithm [Giffler, B., & Thompson, G. L. (1960). Algorithms for solving production scheduling problems. Operations research, 8(4), 487-503.] along with four different priority hybrid dispatching rules (PHDRs) are applied for the development of the production center schedule thereafter the grey wolf optimization algorithm is applied for the yield of the sustainable multi-objective schedul-ing of automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) and the FMS together with an objective to minimize the total distance travel and number of backtracking of cruising automatic guided vehicle in the U type flexible manufacturing system facility. The applied methodology is evaluated by conducting computational experiments on a benchmark flexible manufacturing system configuration considered from the literature. The results obtained from the computational experiments clearly show that the proposed application of grey wolf optimization algorithm outperforms the other applied procedures in the literature.