This paper investigates the effects of different dimensions of innovation on the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main dimensions of the innovation retained in this study are related to different types of innovation, innovation activities, sources of internal and external information, and public support for innovation. In this study, we rely on the principal component analysis of innovation applied to a sample of 231 Tunisian SMEs. The results show that product innovation, organizational innovation and innovation activities were the key variables for enhancing the competitive advantage of SMEs. In contrast, external sources of information have no effects on the SMEs competitive advantage. The originality of this research is to provide a multidimensional framework of the effects of innovation on the competitive position of SMEs.

The main objective of this study was to determine the main policies and procedures related to internal marketing applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and the degree of employees' satisfaction. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study. The study reached several conclusions. Most notably; most of the internal marketing policies and procedures applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University are conducted moderately. The results of the study also showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of the application of marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University and the level of employees' satisfaction with the application of these policies and procedures. The study concluded to provide a set of recommendations necessary to activate the application of internal marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University to achieve its employees' satisfaction.

Every year about 95% of new products fail for a simple reason that most customers do not have the time or energy to think about the advantages or disadvantages of the products they place in their shopping carts, so they rely on shortcuts to make a purchase decision such as quality, beauty and excellence of product packaging. Packaging becomes part and parcel of our contemporary life especially in the continuous development for the conception of marketing. It becomes one of the basic dimensions for the concept of production because it plays big role to emphasize the mental image of the product on the consumer’s side. The importance of packaging leads several of marketing thinkers to consider it as enclosed marketing mix elements and one of corner stone in which goods depend on its success process. Therefore, the current study aims to study the concept and the importance of packaging and its role in attracting the consumer’s attention, and to determine the difficulties that the companies undergo in the field of packaging. The study depends on assembling the primary data on questionnaire designed especially for this purpose, and distributed to 600 consumers in Riyadh city. In addition to that secondary data is collected from resources related to the study subject. Simple statistical analysis is used to analyze the data. The results of research confirm the big role for the packaging in consumer attraction in study sample with all dimensions (design, color, size, and shape). The most important recommen-dation of the study is that to adopt a clear policy for packing in industrial organizations that cope with high technological development and the fast changing in consumer's tastes. It must be taken into the consideration the modern marketing orientations in product's packaging including the green marketing that depends on using material that has a little environmental effect at packaging process compared with traditional methods.

Construction projects more often are facing with unpredictable delays and it is one of the biggest challenges to mitigate such delays. The aim of the present study is to explore causes and effects of delays on construction projects executed in Pakistan. Empirical methodology is used and the data is collected from 37 construction companies and questionnaires are distributed to 172 professionals. Various statistical tools are applied such as multiple regression to analyze the data. The finding of this analysis show that significant causes of delay factors are associated and ordered as contractor, client, consultant, material and equipment respectively; however, there is not any effect of delay on factors such as, labor and general environment. Finally, it is analyzed that construction projects delay lead considerably to project time overrun, cost overrun, project abandonment, and litigation. All these factors can bring projects on great risk. The analysis of the study gave considerable under-standings to stakeholders of construction projects in order to formulate strategies to overcome delay and their impacts.

The current study examines the association between financial performance and leverage for 56 food processing firms listed in BSE over the period 2000-2018 using pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models. The results indicate that leverage was significantly and positively associated with the firm performance. The results obtained are thus robust across the estimation methods. The pecking order theory and the static trade-off theory, both seem to explain Indian food processing firms’ decisions among the alternative theories of capital structure.

It is a well-known fact that quality of work life (QWL) is considered as a philosophy to make the people more effective at workplace by understanding their psychological well-being and involvement or attachment. The main objective of the current investigation was to understand the degree of the QWL amongst the employees working in the Saudi Arabia. The random sampling method was applied to select the data from employees working in the public and private sectors. The QWL scale and biographical information sheet were used to gather the information from the employees. Based on the research objective and design of the investigation, factorial analysis, Cronbach’s alpha value for reliability check and other statistical techniques were used to explore the facts of the data. The results show that six factors such as autonomy, inter-group relation, recognition, economic benefits, self-respect and supervisory relations were most important determinants of QWL; married and public sector employees found to have high mean score on QWL as compared with their counterparts and majority of employees in the company were having low level of quality of work life. Certain mechanism was discussed to enhance the QWL of the employees to make the organization more effective and viable.

This research empirically attempted to assess the effect of brand familiarity and perceived ser-vice quality on brand image as well as to explore the position of brand image on student satis-faction in addressing previous efforts' mixed outcomes and bridging the gaps in the private higher education area. The data were collected from students of Jadara university in Jordan. PLS-SEM methods were used to test hypothesized relationships on a sample of 112 students. The findings show that familiarity with the brand and perceived quality of service had an important and beneficial connection with the image of the brand. Also, there was an important and positive connection between brand image and students’ satisfaction. The revision has dis-cussed the finding and an implication compared with past studies. These findings have significant implications for private higher education institutions that may be taken into considera-tion when developing their marketing plan. The finding will help design strategies to increase students’ satisfaction and improve brand image. It has also presented some of recommendations for upcoming investigation.

Economic growth is very basic need of any economy but its environmental effects should not be ignored. We investigate the environmental effects of economic growth and energy consumption of Saudi Arabia. The study uses data of a period 1968-2014 and cointegration test and corroborates a long- and short-run relationships. The results indicate that economic growth and energy consumption contributes in CO2 emissions in both long- and short-run. It means that increasing economic growth of the Kingdom has social cost on the economy in terms of pollution emissions. Based on findings, we recommend to use the alternative renewable sources of energy consumption to avoid the pollution effects of growth in Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to determine the relationship between the quality of tourism service provided to the customer and the dimensions of the quality of this service in the hotel industry in Al-Kharj governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study is accomplished through the use of descriptive analytical method and found a strong correlation between the quality of service provided, and the dimensions of this quality. The study pro-vides several recommendations, the most important of which paying more attention to the training and qualifi-cation of workers in the hotel sector and to strengthen the spirit of the team among them. The study also recommends the need to pay attention to the tangible aspects of hotel services and strengthen the relationship between the service provider and recipients.

In this review we systematized the theoretical and experimental data concerning the versatile approaches for the synthesis of N-acylphenothiazines. The aim of the study was to compile the literature reported worldwide in the past 20 years. This article also reviewed the analysis of pharmacological activities of these heterocycles as one of the promising chemotherapeutic objects for the modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. It has been hypothesized that the enormous biological potential of these moieties is due to the radical nature in the acyl moiety. Therefore, the present review will be a good contribution to the literature and will provide the platform for the medicinal chemistry researchers to carry out more studies aiming the N-acylphenothiazine moieties as the novel chemotherapeutic agents.