This paper examines how expert system may negatively or positively influence ethical based decision making process in an organization. Expert system ethical characteristics are chosen; including lack of human intelligence, lack of emotions, accidental bias and lack of values. Depending on quantitative approach; and through distributing a questionnaire on (132) GM, Deputy GM, project manager and officer, it appeared that expert systems' characteristics negatively influenced on the degree of ethics within the organizational setting. According to analysis, it appears that lack of values and human intelligence were among the characteristics that hinder the ethical stream adoption within an organization leading to ethics problems and mal-functioning on the decision making process. On the other hand, lack of emotions appeared to have good impact on the ethical efforts within an organization. Researchers recommended taking extra measures of surveillance in terms of ethics for individuals who are supposed to develop and monitor expert systems.

The main objective of this study was to determine the main policies and procedures related to internal marketing applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and the degree of employees' satisfaction. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study. The study reached several conclusions. Most notably; most of the internal marketing policies and procedures applied at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University are conducted moderately. The results of the study also showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of the application of marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University and the level of employees' satisfaction with the application of these policies and procedures. The study concluded to provide a set of recommendations necessary to activate the application of internal marketing policies and procedures at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University to achieve its employees' satisfaction.

The objective of this research was to study the communication factors affecting the tourism services in Loei, Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan provinces of Thai-land. Purposive sampling was applied, and the sample group comprised 300 accommodation business receptionists and package tour sales staff. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the data, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings indicated that the EFA extracted two factors; namely the channel and receiver, which consisted of five variables, and the message and sender, which consisted of five variables that affected the tourism services. Additionally, the results of the CFA showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data (APC=0.90; Average R2= 0.80; GoF = 0.75). The message and sender affected the tourism ser-vices the most, followed by the channel and receiver. Therefore, the relevant agencies and business owners should pay attention to the tourism personnel in terms of message and sender by promoting training and learning to construct understanding in the sent message, be responsible as the sender, and apply the appropriate strategies to send or present the message to the tourism personnel.

This study seeks to explain the impact of strategic capabilities on organizational ambidexteri-ty, in the presence of knowledge management. The study population consists of managers of commercial banks in Jordan. The sample included (200) respondents by distributing the study questionnaires to them, where the returned questionnaires and valid to statistical analysis were (168). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as an inferential statistical analysis technique to test the hypotheses of the study. The result of this study referred that knowledge management mediates the relationship between strategic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity. Hence, all dimensions of strategic capabilities (marketing capability, market-linking capability, technology capability, and management capability) have a statistical impact on both knowledge management dimensions (knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge application, and knowledge storage) and the dimensions of organizational ambi-dexterity (exploitation and exploration). Therefore, the study recommends managers and decision-makers of commercial banks in Jordan to focus on strategic capabilities that enhance their abilities to identify and acquire opportunities from the business environment by building good relationships with both customers and suppliers. Besides, improving their employees’ capacity to deal with new knowledge and apply it to create novel products and services.

This research represents an empirical investigation of the impact theorized by a laissez fair leadership approach on organizational innovation through studying its effect on administrative and technical innovation. Also, this study probes the role played by organizational structure within this context through further examination to address the mixed results reported in the literature, while contributing to understanding the interplay of these variables within the health services sector. For the purpose of this research, the authors drew on a random sampling technique to gather data from Jordanian hospitals. Data used for this research represents 270 employees working in the Jordanian health sector. Structure equation modelling technique was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate positive effect of laissez fair leadership on technical and administrative innovation, similar to organizational structure positive impact. Also, the research results were found to support the notion that organizational structure mediate the relationship between laissez fair leadership and innovation. Finally, implications of this research for practitioners and researchers are formulated.

The positive impact of knowledge management on innovation performance is no longer a mystery. However, the moderating role of knowledge hoarding remains undisclosed. There-fore, the present study aims to explore the moderating role of knowledge hoarding on the ef-fect of knowledge management on innovation performance. On the ground of its design as a descriptive research, a questionnaire-based survey was developed, validated, and administered to a sample of 314 managers chosen from commerce and service organizations. Using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results indicated that knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, dissemination, storage, sharing and application) exerted significant effects on innovation performance. Moreover, Knowledge hoarding exerted a significant negative effect on innovation performance. However, the re-sults indicate that knowledge hoarding did not moderate the effect of knowledge management processes on innovation performance. This finding can be explained by the fact that, despite the negative impact of knowledge hoarding on innovation performance, this effect did not af-fect the relationship between knowledge management processes and innovation performance and this may be due to the nature of knowledge hoarded by employees in terms of relevance and scarcity. In the light of these findings, the study recommends that it is necessary to determine whether employees hoard knowledge, and distinguish how important this knowledge is for innovation performance. In fact, this is the contribution of the current study to knowledge management literature.

This study investigates the aspects of e-payment security concerning e-commerce consumers’ purchase intentions. This study further involves college students in Semarang – Indonesia as representatives of the millennial generation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Wrap-PLS is employed to analyze the data. The findings show a fit model to explain e-commerce customers’ purchase intentions. The results of this study reveal a better mediating effect of perceived usefulness on e-payment security and customers’ purchase intentions. Perceived ease of use also has a significant indirect effect, through e-payment security, on e-commerce customers’ purchase intentions. In addition, understanding the ease and usability of the security aspects of the payment affects e-commerce consumers' purchase intentions. The results also give a heightened awareness of security in electronic transactions.

Presently, online users usually tend to use the Internet to get some details information and forward their purchasing experience on social media platforms. This activity helps other users create their own purchasing plans simpler. However, there are not many studies on accepting and forwarding e-WOM. This paper examines the effect of EWOM elements containing tie strength, message credibility, and source credibility on acceptance of e-WOM (AEWOM). The study also investigates the effects of other EWOM elements including customers' mood on forwarding e-WOM (FEWOM). Moreover, this study examines the mediator effect of (AE-WOM) between (tie strength, message credibility, and source credibility) and FEWOM together with the moderator effect of gender differences between AEWOM and FEWOM. In the current paper a sample of 381 students is selected at the Jordanian university. The findings show positive relationships among all variables. The research also offers recommendations to marketers in order to improve the value of content which is generated by online users.

This paper examines the effect of industrial park development on people's livelihoods through different impacting channels; including employment, production means and infrastructure. The result of the research shows that industrial park development had a positive influence on people's livelihoods through additional employment, non-farm investments, access to policies, household labor, etc. However, industrial park development also causes negative impacts on people's livelihoods causing unemployment. Data for research is collected from households including land acquisition and no land acquisition living around industrial parks. Research findings can be considered as a basis to help develop the positive influence and restrict the negative influence of industrial park development on people's livelihoods in Vietnam.

This paper offers an empirical study of the role of work motivation in mediating the effect of education-training and leadership style on the performance of Ministry of Education employees in Timor-Leste. Data were obtained from 86 employees as samples through questionnaires. We applied the SEM-PLS to analyze the proposed relationship model. Empirical results show that work motivation mediated the influence of leadership style on employee performance, but not for education-training. The results can provide valuable insight for public service management.