Continuing the search for new antimicrobial agents with antibiofilm activity, bis-quaternary ammonium compounds based on natural (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid derivatives were synthesized. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ammonium salts was evaluated in vitro against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Bis-quaternary ammonium salts 1, 5, and 6 showed antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 25.0 to 200.0 μg/mL. Notably, these compounds demonstrated a high level of antibiofilm activity. Ammonium salts 1 and 6 reduced biofilm formation against S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa PA01, E. coli ATCC 25922, and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa by 92 - 97% at a concentration of 100.0 μg/mL. In addition, compounds 1 and 6 inhibited the biofilm formation of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolate by 60% and 63%, respectively.

With the growing environmental concerns and the rising number of electric vehicles, researchers and companies are paying more and more attention to green logistics. This paper studies the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with time-dependent speeds and soft time windows. The purpose is to minimize the total distance travelled, while penalizing early or late arrivals at the customers’ locations. For this purpose, we formulated the Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and developed a General Variable Neighborhood Search (GVNS) metaheuristic, an efficient way to tackle this problem. To prove the efficiency of our approach, we tested the GVNS against the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm and our MILP model, using a set of available benchmark instances. After an extensive experimental evaluation, we concluded that GVNS can find better quality solutions than other methods considered in this research or the same quality solution in less time.

The study of cycloaddition reactions between cyclopenta-1,3-diene and benzyl-acrylate, as well as benzyl-2-fluoroacrylate with and without the catalyst (TiCl4), was conducted using MEDT. The results of the energy profiles suggest that these reactions are stereoselective, meaning that they favor the formation of certain stereoisomers over others. Furthermore, the addition of TiCl4 as a catalyst appears to enhance the selectivity of these reactions, which is in line with experimental observations. Additionally, a docking study was carried out to predict the effect of stereochemistry and the presence of specific atoms, such as fluorine, on their ability to bind to viral proteins responsible for SARS-Covid-19 and HIV. Moreover, the notable affinity of Ligand 4 for HIV renders it a pivotal contender for extended research, possibly paving the way for enhanced antiretroviral drugs. Similarly, the encouraging affinity demonstrated by Ligand 1 towards the Covid-19 protein highlights its promise for Covid-19 drug development.

We have synthesized all drugs using previously identified active pharmacophores through molecular hybridization. This paper explains a simple method for making N-((2-(piperazine-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methyl)aniline analogs 5(A–L) through steps. We used mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR to do a spectrum analysis to confirm the structure of the synthesized end products. We evaluated all synthesized compounds for their in vitro antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitubercular activities. We have also examined the research on structure-activity relationships (SAR). Target chemicals demonstrate significant effectiveness against bacteria, fungal diseases, and malaria.

This paper recommends a new Many-Objective Teaching-Learning-Based Optimizer (MaOTLBO) to handle the Many-Objective Optimal Power Flow (MaO-OPF) problem of modern complex power systems while meeting different operating constraints. A reference point-based mechanism is utilized in the basic version of Teacher Learning-Based Optimizer (TLBO) to formulate the MaOTLBO algorithm and directly applied to DTLZ test benchmark functions with 5, 7, 10-objectives and IEEE-30 bus power system with six different objective functions, namely the minimization of the voltage magnitude deviation, total fuel cost, voltage stability indicator, total emission, active power loss, and reactive power loss. The results obtained from the MaOTLBO optimizer are compared with the well-known standard many-objective algorithms, such as the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition with Dynamical Resource Allocation (MOEA/D-DRA) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-version-III (NSGA-III) presented in the literature. The results show the ability of the proposed MaOTLBO to solve the MaO-OPF problem in terms of convergence, coverage, and well-Spread Pareto optimal solutions. The experimental outcomes indicate that the suggested MaOTLBO gives improved individual output and compromised solutions than MOEA/D-DRA and NSGA-III algorithms.

Benzotriazole, commonly referred to as BTAH, has garnered significant interest across several scientific disciplines due to its outstanding characteristics and wide-ranging applications. This document provides a concise overview of benzotriazole and its use in challenging corrosion scenarios. Furthermore, we emphasize the versatility of this molecule and the extensive research commitment associated with it. This thorough analysis examines the synthesis of benzotriazoles and their derivatives in-depth and encapsulates the numerous methods involved. Additionally, we conducted a thorough analysis of toxicity studies and the pertinent implications of benzotriazoles on human health, marine life, and the ecosystem. Our purpose is to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the potential dangers of this chemical by undertaking an extensive examination of associated risks and bad effects. During this review, we emphasize significant research discoveries and trends, offering useful insights into the current status of benzotriazole research and its future potential. The development of such research advances from 2010 to 2024.

Metaheuristic algorithms are easy, flexible and nature-inspired algorithms used to optimize functions. To make metaheuristic algorithms better, multiple algorithms are combined and hybridized. In this context, a hybrid algorithm (HSSAOA) was developed by adapting the exploration phase of the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) to the position update part of the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) of the leader salps/salps. And also, there have also been a few new additions to the SSA. The proposed HSSAOA was tested in three different groups using 22 benchmark functions and compared with 7 well-known algorithms. HSSAOA optimized the best results in a total of 16 benchmark functions in each group. In addition, a statistically significant difference was obtained compared to other algorithms.

Heterocyclic molecules are found in many parts of living things, so they are being used more and more in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidazoles, which are naturally occurring compounds, exhibit a diverse array of pharmaceutical properties that have been extensively documented. Benzimidazole derivatives serve as valuable intermediates or subunits in the synthesis of pharmaceutical or biologically significant compounds. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have been utilized in various therapeutic domains, encompassing but not limited to antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species. This study provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in benzimidazole-based compounds within the field of synthetic organic chemistry.

This study examines the joint impact of outsourcing, overtime, multi-delivery, rework, and postponement on a multiproduct fabrication problem. A growing/clear trend in today’s customer requirements turned into rapid response and desired quality of multi-merchandises and multiple fixed-amount deliveries in equal-interval time. To satisfy customers’ expectations, current manufacturing firms must effectively design/plan their multiproduct production scheme with minimum fabrication-inventory-shipping expenses and under confined capacity. Motivated by assisting manufacturing firms in making the right production decision, this study develops a decision-support delayed-differentiation model considering multi-shipment, rework, and dual uptime-reducing strategies (namely, overtime and outsourcing). Our delayed-differentiation model comprises stage one, which makes all common/standard parts of multi-end-merchandises, and stage two, which produces multiple end merchandise. For cutting making times, the study proposes subcontracting a portion of the common/standard part’s lot size and adopting overtime-making end merchandise in stage two. The screening and reworking tasks identify and repair faulty items to ensure customers’ desired quality. The finished lots of end merchandise are divided into a few equal-amount shipments and distributed to customers in equal-interval time. We employ mathematical derivation and optimization methodology to derive the annual expected fabrication- inventory-shipping expense and the cost-minimized production-shipping policy. A numerical demonstration is presented to exhibit our research scheme’s applicability and exposes the studied problem’s critical managerial insights, which help the management make beneficial decisions.

This review presents 1,3,4-oxadiazole which has considerable importance in the fields of pharmacy, medicine, corrosion and coordinate chemistry. 1,3,4-oxadiazole plays a vital role and is a simple substance for many pharmacokinetic compounds such as antifungal drugs, antibacterial drugs, most cancer tumors and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study describes many methods for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole.