In industrialized countries, about 30% of the population may suffer from foodborne illnesses each year. Ma-laysia has proven to be a country that has very serious focus on food, but the people do not care much about their food safety. Food safety and hygiene is usually explained as the multiple conditions and ways to pre-serve food quality, so that foodborne diseases and contamination is prevented. University students face with high risk because of their unsafe behaviors in consuming food. There have been many studies accomplished on comprehension, behavior and implementation towards food safety among food handlers. The current research desires to determine the current knowledge, attitude and practice status among students in Management & Science University (MSU) on food safety. The study framework focuses on testing the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practices and whether or not attitude will be a mediating factor towards practices on food safety among university students in MSU. Using a quantitative and descriptive method, a structured questionnaire was distributed among 430 respondents. The result of the study was analyzed using regression test and indirect method. The result shows that the students had a good knowledge, attitude and practice status towards food safety and attitude was a partial mediating factor in the relationship between knowledge and practice.

The premium is a deterministic function to compensate for losses due to random events and it is an essential part of an insurance company operation. Numerous issues are faced by the Takaful operator in the practice of insurance, one of them is “validity of life insurance” which is still under discussion among Islamic scholars. Their conversation leads to the issue of approach which are utilised by the Takaful operator to create a sales illustration product. Based on their current discussion, there are still some hidden elements and some missing points related to the concept of loss and surplus sharing utilised by Takaful operator. Therefore, this paper focuses on the practice of Family Takaful for producing the sale illustration product which Shariah compliant. The study develops a new model of the premium for an equity-linked policy (Unit-linked product) by considering the properties of Takaful contracts namely Tabarru and Mudarabah. It aims to ensure that a new model developed can comprehensively demonstrate Shariah compliance. The model adapted and derived from the current Takaful Business Model. We add several assumptions to implicate the approach in a real problem associated with the ratio of profit-sharing (Mudarabah) and loss-sharing (Tabarru). Secondary data are used to test and produce a sales illustration product by utilising a new integrated model of the premium developed. Based on the empirical results, a new model of premium is used to create a sales illustration product that comprehensively complies with Shariah and also more profitable and beneficial when compared with a standard approach used by Takaful operator.

The development of the Islamic State (IS) in Southeast Asia creates changes in the social order in a direct and indirect manner. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the development of the Islamic State (IS) and analyze the influence of its development on social vulnerability in Southeast Asia. This study employed a mixed-method supported by the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and System Dynamics (SD). Based on the results of research from relevant experts, this study uncovered seven the most dominant and structured problems. Furthermore, there are fourteen elements related to the social vulnerability of the Islamic State (IS) in Southeast Asia. The social vulnerability value is 0.01 and is categorized as Low Vulnerability. The aspects that influence the development of Islamic State indicate that the existing social system in Southeast Asia is strong enough in encountering the influence of ideology and the development of the Islamic State.

Many real-world problems in manufacturing system, for instance, the scheduling problems, are formulated by defining several objectives for problem solving and decision making. Recently, research on dispatching rules allocation has attracted substantial attention. Although many dispatching rules methods have been developed, multi-objective scheduling problems remain inherently difficult to solve by any single rule. In this paper, a hybrid genetic-based gravitational search algorithm (GSA) in weighted dispatching rule is proposed to tackle a scheduling problem by achieving both time and job-related objectives. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select two appropriate dispatching rules to combine as a weighted multi-attribute function, while the GSA is used to optimize the contribution weightage of each rule in each stage of the flow shop. The results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly better than the traditional dispatching rules and the rules allocation algorithm. The proposed algorithm not only improved the quality of the schedule in multi-objective problems but also maintained the advantages of traditional dispatching rules in terms of ease of implementation.

As the most contributed sectors in agriculture, rice farming is facing various risks, namely uncertainty such as crop failure caused by climate change, including air temperature, weather, rainfall and others. Indonesia is categorised as an agricultural country with a tropical climate. By this season, the farmers can plant the rice. Rice farming is currently an inseparable part of most agricultural societies in Indonesia, especially in West Java. However, changes in air temperature, weather and annual rainfall, can increase the uncertainty and upward the risk of crop failure. Thus, the current study seeks to investigate the decision making for agricultural risk assessment (climate variable) through the formulation of a risk model for agricultural insurance in Indonesia. This study utilised the climate variables, which consist of air temperature, wind speed, maximum and minimum temperatures, and rainfall. For determining the magnitude of risk, we applied the Block Maxima method and Peak Over Threshold. The results of this study found that the highest risk of losses occurred in November, December, January, February and March with a value of 0.17485.

The development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) becomes the benchmark and leading position for developing countries’ economies. The digital transformation demands strategies, desires, and awareness of Information Technology (IT)-based market players and investments. Despite the transformation of a digital business platform, many SMEs have stumbled in the middle road. Therefore, this study aimed to determine priority indicators in assessing SMEs’ readiness towards digitalization and evolving a readiness model for SMEs based on the Decision Support System (DSS) approach. Multiple stakeholders’ viewpoints, particularly regarding academicians, governments, investors, market places, and SMEs’ business actors as targeted respondents, were scrutinized quantitatively and qualitatively to verify the proposed factors. The priority weights of factors have been examined from economic and IT perspectives and derived through deploying the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) method. This study reveals the rank of measures necessary to assess the readiness of the digital revolution of SMEs. Transaction preparedness in SMEs’ cultural, educational, financial, and technological infrastructure views grows into the principal components during this assessment with 0.30 of vector value, accompanied by marketing and micro-environment at 0.24, management at 0.20, macro-environment at 0.03 and business activities at 0.02, respectively. For the recommendation purposes, the rubric segmented SME fitness into three levels, low, middle, and high performance. The prototype system DSS-SMEsReadiness was then evolved in order to simplify the adoption of the DSS method in the SME performance measurement model. The software analysis demonstrates that this application would assist decision-makers to ascertain SMEs’ readiness to digitalize. The future recommendation provides SMEs and stakeholders with knowledge transfers and acclimatization for taking the appropriate option about their business strategy, management resources, skills, and assistance programs for SMEs. This model attempts to reduce SME digitalization disruptions and achieve a digital business’s growth and sustainability in a nutshell.

University educational system plays an important role for the development of any country. Most industries normally rely on highly educated people with different skills and the universities are also responsible for training leading edge technology skills. During the past few years, there have been tremendous efforts to empower Vietnamese universities and to put more efforts to increase their ranking internationally. The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate leadership style on higher education institutions and the role of the leader in promoting academic research at Vietnamese universities. Excellent and effective leadership is needed to develop employees as a sustainable competitive advantage. The leaders of organizations normally have difficulty in speeding up the performance of their followers. Individual performance is studied and evaluated in both scholarly and practical literature. Employee engagement is not only a moderator concept established in organizational theory, but it also offers a variety of views and theories. This paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 232 students to measure the effect of transformational leadership in higher educational organizations. Regression analysis is used to measure the effects of different components of transformational leadership on the performance of organizations. The survey results indicate that the Transformational leadership could actually be effective when they are allowed autonomy in organizations, especially on the budget. In summary, the results of the investigation clarify the role and importance of transformational leadership in organizations.

Banks in Jordan are facing a crisis related to their employees, where it has recently become clear that employees are leaving their jobs in increasing numbers. Thus, this study examined the impact of the human resources management (HRM) practices (compensation, performance appraisal, promotion, and training & development) on employee’s turnover intention and the mediating role of career satisfaction. The survey questionnaire was gathered from 394 employees located in 25 banks in Jordan. The study used PLS-SEM to get the results and examine the hypotheses. The findings indicate that HRM practices (compensation, performance appraisal, promotion, and training & development) negatively impact employees’ turnover intention, and career satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between HRM practices (compensation, performance appraisal, promotion, and training & development) and employee’s turnover intention. The study recommends that banks in Jordan provide a high compensation, fair performance appraisal, fast promotion systems, sufficient training & development program and high level of career satisfaction to maintain the human element and reduce the employees’ turnover intention. Future studies may include other practices such as employee empowerment, teamwork, employment security information sharing, and job description.

The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating mechanism of customer satisfaction (CS) on customer relationship management (CRM) and customer loyalty (CL) among Nigerian consolidated banks. This paper used a survey research design, and the study unit of analysis consists of selected customers among Nigerian consolidated banks. This study used a purposive sampling technique whereby structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 750 customers of the 5 focused banks in Kano State, Nigeria. Partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the study hypotheses. The outcome of the study revealed that CRM has a significant effect on CL while CS partially mediates CRM and CL relationship. This paper provides substantial results to practitioners to realize the role of developing a CRM strategy in the Nigerian banking industry. In line with that, the management of the banks should build sound CRM components such as process fit, customer information quality and information system support to deliver sound services in order to operate and compete in the banking ecosystem effectively. This paper has made a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge in the CS, CL, and CRM literature by operationalizing it within the Nigerian banking industry.

A value chain plays a crucial role in increasing production efficiency due to business uncertainty and high competition between business entities. Of these, the business must carry out the activities effectively and efficiently to achieve maximum profit. However, the study that focuses on the moderating role of the value chain in its relationship to firm performance is still limited. Thus, the present study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty toward firm performance and the mediating role of the value chain in the relationship between intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty to firm performance. This study was designed using a quantitative approach through an online survey. A total of 207 staff from non-financial state-owned enterprises consists of 10 clusters and 76 companies. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square method (SEM-PLS) and assisted by statistical software, namely SmartPLS 3.3.3. The result indicated that intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty have a significant effect on firm performance. Also, this study found that a value chain moderates the relationship of intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty toward firm performance. In conclusion, this study has successfully examined the effect of intellectual capital and environmental uncertainty on firm performance—also, the role of a value chain in the relationship of studied variables. In addition, the findings of this study showed that a value chain is an important tool for companies to improve their business performance.