The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of inorganic, organic nitrogen fertilizers and activators (Humic and Fulvic acid) on chemical composition and productivity of corn. This study was conducted at Shandweel Agricultural Research Stations, Sohag Governorate, Egypt, and is situated at 26.6⁰ N latitude and 37.7⁰ E longitude. Its altitude is about 70 m above mean sea level. Also, this study was performed during two successive summer seasons 2014 and 2015. The experiments were laid down in split-split plot design with four replications. The treatments were included mineral nitrogen application in three levels (i.e. 60, 90 and 120 kg N fed.^-1), organic and bio fertilizer application (without organic and bio fertilizer, 10 m³ FYM fed.^-1 and Microbeine inoculume) as well as foliar spray of humic acid (water spraying, humic and fulvic acid spraying). The obtained results revealed that the interaction effects of all factors under study were significant for all studied traits.

Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive seasons at the Experimental Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014, to study the Effect of Irrigation intervals and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments on Maize growth and yield components of maize. Results indicated that, scheduling at every 10 days produced the highest plant height, Flag Leaf area (cm²), Cob length (cm), Weight of 100-grains (g), Biological yield (T/fad.) and Grain yield (ard./fed.) followed by irrigation at 15 and 20 days interval, in contrast irrigation at 25 days interval produced the lowest values and foliar spray of zinc and silicon treatments produced the highest plant height-improved yield and yield components of maize crop. The best yield was obtained from zinc + silicon treatments followed by zinc, silicon treatments. In contrast, untreated treatments produced the lowest values. It can be concluded that the scheduling at every 10 days and application of foliar spray of zinc + silicon treatments as the effective one could be recommended for scheduling irrigation at every 10 days with application of foliar spray of zinc + silicon treatments of maize crop at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt to obtained the best results from maize grain yield.

This project was started when an unknown peak was being detected in the organic volatile impurity (OVI) analysis (using the head-space vapor sampling procedure) of bortezomib (BZB) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), in pharmaceutical companies. During the OVI analysis of the API of BZB, a huge-area peak with an unknown source appeared in the chromatograms of the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The data prepared by GC-MAS revealed that the considered huge peak was 3-methylbutanal (3MBut). But, investigating the synthesis procedures showed that during all the synthesis steps, 3MBut or any other solvent containing this impurity was not being applied. Thus, we had concluded that there is a possibility for emergence of this aldehyde from bortezomib itself. To find out which part of bortezomib might turn into 3MBut, we began to investigate all its molecular structure, and hypothesized that the α-amino-boronic acid part of the molecule turned into 3MBut. The experimental analysis and theoretical quantum chemical calculations confirmed that the α-amino-boronic acid center of bortezomib molecule undergoes a rare and unexpected aerobic oxidation by O2 molecule, even in catalyst and solvent-free conditions. The result of this project not only might make clear the passive source of the 3MBut peak of the OVI of bortezomib, but also, it would suggest to store this API in an inert oxygen-free atmosphere to improve the long-term and accelerated (thermal) stability of this very expensive anti-cancer drug.

Flibanserin (Addyi) is a medication used to treat women who have not gone through menopause who have low sexual desire. Specific and simple stability indicating method was developed and validated by high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of Flibanserin. Separation was carried out by using a mobile phase consisting of 0.01M Potassium phosphate monohydrate buffer (KH₂PO₄) pH 3.50 buffer: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40. The column used was Agilent C18, (150×4.6) mm, 5µm with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and temperature at 30°C. The detection was carried out at 248 nm and Flibanserin was eluted at around 2.8min. This method was validated as per ICH guidelines and validation included specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, forced degradation, and robustness. Forced degradation was conducted under the conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal, acid, base, and peroxide hydrolysis. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from 20 to 200µg/mL and the coefficient of determination (r²) was observed as 0.9998. The precision and accuracy of the method were within the acceptable range. The results of this study showed that the validated method is simple and accurate, which confirmed that the method is suitable for the determination of Flibanserin.

The present manuscript describes an in-depth analysis of various interactions present in the crystal structure of formyl coumarins using Crystal explorer 17.0. Element based interactions were quantified by the decomposition of generated 3D surfaces into 2D fingerprint regions. DFT methods were used to explore electrostatic parameters, global and local reactivity descriptors. Electrophilicity based charge transfer (ECT) analysis was done to explore the probability of charge transfer between formyl coumarins and DNA base pairs. The reactivity and selectivity of different formyl coumarins have been accessed using Fukui functions in their reduced form. Non-bonding orbital (NBO) analysis revealed the presence of various hyperconjugative interactions and their stabilization energy in formyl coumarins. Non-linear optical properties are presented in terms of first order hyperpolarizibility (β₀), where maximum β₀ is observed for C4 (1.64 × 10-30esu.) which is found to be 2 times greater than that of p-nitroaniline. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots are mapped in terms of electron density.

Field experiments were carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag, Egypt to study the effects of deficit irrigation and harvesting date chemical composition of three sugar beet varieties. A split block design with three replications was used. Main blokes were assigned to three irrigation water regimes (100%, 85%, and 70% of water requirement). The sub blot was occupied by three harvesting dates (180, 195 and 210 days). Sub- sub plots comprised three sugar beet varieties namely (RAVEL, SV1841and SA1686). Results indicated that reducing water supply reduced alpha - amino N present in the second season, Na present in the second season, and K present and sugar lost to molasses, but increased sucrose present, extractable present, QZ present, purity present, extractability present. Increasing harvesting date increased K present, sucrose present, extractable present, QZ present, purity present, extractability present but reduced alpha - amino N present, Na present and sugar lost to molasses in the second season. Sucrose present, extractable present, QZ present purity present and extractability present of RAVEL and SA1686 varieties were almost comparable but higher than those of SV1841 variety.

Analyzing a drug over its overlapped spectra utilizes sophisticated instruments and more toxic solvents, which has a deleterious effect on environmental safety. There is an alarming need to develop a simple, novel, and cost-effective method for determining combined substances that are non-toxic to the environment. So, the study aimed to develop four simple, fast and eco-friendly spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying clotrimazole and tinidazole in bulk and ointment dosage form. Stock solutions produced at concentrations of 7 to 13 and 17.5 to 32.5 µg/mL of clotrimazole and tinidazole in 10% v/v ethanol and scanned in the UV-visible range 200-450 nm, and used for all methods. The methods were validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and found to be within limits. Additionally, the outliers were tested by using the Grubbers test and found within limits. Finally, green evaluation studies show that the method is more environmentally friendly, as confirmed by four assessment tools.

In examining for unique insecticidal agents, two derivatives namely, 2-((3-cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide (2) and 3-amino-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (3) were synthesized from distyrylpyridine-2-thione (1). The new compounds were structurally clarified by spectral and elemental analysis data. The insecticidal activity of these compounds were carried out against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. It is demonstrated that the compounds 2 and 3 have noteworthy insecticidal activity against nymphs of cowpea aphid with LC50 values of 0.025-0.027 ppm and 0.005-0.006 ppm after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, respectively. Also, the compounds 2 and 3 have noteworthy insecticidal activity against adults of cowpea aphid with LC50 values of 0.112-0.129 ppm and 0.014-0.015 ppm after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, respectively, that were comparable to that of the control acetamiprid.

Oxygen-containing heterocycles are largely distributed in natural and synthetic compounds. Coumarins are among the most famous heterocycles which possess one oxygen atom in their rings. Coumarins are classified as multifunctional scaffold and are used as anti-oxidant reagents, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-HIV active, analgesic, anti-histaminic, insecticides, dyes, herbicides, sensitizers, perfumes, cosmetics and food additives. Due to their diverse applications in industrial and pharmaceutical fields, many chemists have given significant interest to these compounds. Herein, the review highlights various methods for the synthesis and interactions of coumarin moiety as one of the most efficient categories of heterocycles.

Organic pollutants cause many environmental problems to our environment because of their toxicity, non-degradation and ability to long-range transport. The most common organic pollutants are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are known as hydrocarbons. Effective techniques for the removal of hydrocarbons and heavy metals from soil have drawn great attention. Remediation techniques represent one of the most important of these techniques because of their gentle impact on the environment. The study highlights numerous methods for Physical and chemical remediation techniques with explanation of the ability of some plants and agricultural wastes for remediation.