A sequence of thioxotetrahydropyrimidenes derivatives, N-(4-chloro/methoxyphenyl)-3-formyl-6-methyl-4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides (4a-l) were synthesized by the formylation of N-(4-chloro/methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides (3a-l) by dry dimethyl formamide (DMF) and phosphorous oxychloride at room temperature. Formerly, compounds (3a-l) were synthesized by the condensation of N-(4-chloro/methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide (1), various aromatic aldehydes (2a-f) and thiourea with catalytic amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid under reflux temperature. The structures of the synthesized various thioxotetrahydropyrimidenes have been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was showing that the compounds 4a, 4e, 4g, 4h, 4i and 4l displayed inspirational antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

Nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community due to their unique properties and applications. The small size metal oxides have opened up the door for intensive research to utilize their properties for biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and metal oxide nanomaterials like MgO, ZnO, NiO and its silver doped nanocomposites (Ag-MgO, Ag-ZnO, Ag-NiO) have been prepared using solid state combustion method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a fuel. The structure of as prepared oxides and its silver doped nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) tool and morphology by Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) tool as well as Transmission electron micrograph tool respectively. Presence of the metals in the oxides and its Ag composite was confirmed by the EDX pattern. Bonding nature in the composite is well studied by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) tool. Antibacterial activity studies of the nanocomposites are carried out against various bacteria.

Fused pyrimidines play an imperative role in our life due to their biological importance in the struggle of microorganisms. A series of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-d] thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (4a-j) were synthesized by cyclization of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-aryl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiones (3a-j) with 1,2-dibromoethane in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Earlier, compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (2), different substituted benzaldehyde and thiourea with catalytic amount of con. HCl in methanol. Compound 2 was synthesized by condensation of ethyl acetoacetate (1) and phenylhydrezine in presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid at reflux temperature. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial and antifungal activity at concentration of 500 μg/ml. It was exposed that most of the compounds displayed inspiring antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

The Zinc doped calcium borate (Zn-CaB) was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Zinc was known to exhibit a good antimicrobial effect without causing any environmental issues. However, the antimicrobial activity of zinc is relatively low as compared to silver or copper analogues. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to incorporate zinc in the matrix of calcium borates to enhance the antibacterial effect. Cosmetic products were made using the zinc-calcium-borates and the antibacterial/antifungal activity was evaluated and compared with the commercial products. The studies revealed that the antibacterial activity of Zn-CaB was equivalent to that commercially available product with a maximum of 99% reduction in bacterial strains and above 95% reduction in fungal strains. An attempt was made to incorporate a bacteriostatic effect on fabric by adding zinc-calcium-borates to detergent which exhibited prolonged antibacterial activity, even after 3 washing cycles. The cosmetic products were also evaluated for their thermal and photostability.

A series of N-acetyl pyrazole derivatives, 1-acetyl-3-aryl-5-[5'-(4-nitrophenyl)-2'-furyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (5a-j) were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction between 1-aryl-3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-furyl]prop-2-en-1-ones (4a-j) and hydrazine hydrate in glacial acetic acid at reflux temperature. Before that, compounds (4a-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (3) with various aromatic ketones by using alkali as catalyst. The constitution of the synthesized products has been characterized by using elemental analysis, Infrared,¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. All the products have been screened for their in-vitro biological assay like antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger at a concentration of 40 µg/ml. It was exposed that the compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5g, 5h and 5j showed motivating antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the used reference standard.

Several Plant products have been found to be a part of phytomedicines since time immemorial. These plant products can be derived from barks, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, and seeds. It has been found that the light radiation affects the antimicrobial activity of herbal products. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts. In addition to these studies we also check the effect of UV light radiation on the anti microbial activity of leaf extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various active phytochemicals in the extracts of aerial part of Calotropis gigantea. Ethanol, chloroform and hexane extract of leaves were tested against Clostridium botulinum, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Arthrographis cuboid, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger by the agar disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts generally reduces significantly after exposure to the UV radiations.

A series of some new (E)-2-(arylbenzylidene)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)acetohydrazides 4(a-j) have been conveniently synthesized by intermolecular oxidative cyclization of (E)-2-(arylbenzylidene)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]acetohydrazides promoted by iodobenzene diacetate as an oxidant. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their inhibitory action against clinically isolated strains i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, Escherichia coli and Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 4f (21-28 mm, 73.8 %), 4i (20-24 mm, 72.4 %) and 4j (21-27 mm, 71.6 %) demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains.