Pyrazolones are a class of heterocyclic compounds that contain a pyrazole ring fused to a ketone group. Recent scientific research has focused extensively on the potential anti-inflammatory properties of pyrazolone compounds due to their diverse pharmacological effects in alleviating inflammation and reducing fever. This motivated us to focus on the preparation of these derivatives in a simple and eco-friendly manner. A convenient new green methodology was modified for the preparation of 1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione by the sonicated MCR of diethyl malonate, phenylhydrazine, and a catalytic amount imidazole as homogenous organic catalyst in water green solvent in a good yield. On the other hand, some of 4-arylidinepyrazolidinedione derivatives are prepared in the same manner via the treatment of a mixture of diethyl malonate, phenylhydrazine, aromatic aldehydes, and a catalytic amount of imidazole in an aqueous medium. Our target synthesized pyrazolidinediones were elucidated via elemental and several spectral analyses. Due to the importance of pyrazolidinediones in the field of treating inflammation and relieving pain, a number of prepared compounds were chosen to test their efficacy as anti-inflammatory agents using carrageenan-induced foot edema in rats and compare the results with indomethacin, the standard drug. We found that the majority of derivatives yield promising results spanning from good to wonderful, so derivatives (15k, 15b, 15h, 15a, and 15j) yield the best results while derivative (15i) yields an average result. As for the derivative (15f), it yields the lowest results compared to the standard drug. This is due to the difference in the structural composition of these derivatives, which increases the likelihood of their use as anti-inflammatory derivatives.

Oxo derivatives of pyrazolines and pyrazolidines are important heterocyclic compounds due to their unique biological activities and have been widely applied in pharmaceutical and agromedical fields. In this review, we provide an account of some recent advances in the field of pyrazolone chemistry, specifically on the reported synthesis methods of pyrazolinone (3-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazole) and 3,5-pyrzolidinediones (3,5-dioxotetrahydropyrazoles) derivatives.