How to cite this paper
Ahmed, A & El-Mahdy, A. (2022). Improving seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays, L.) seed by soaking in water and moringa oleifera leaf extract.Current Chemistry Letters, 11(2), 147-156.
Refrences
1 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Zaki R. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Sayed M., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and toxicological studies on distyryl-substituted heterocyclic insecticides. Eur. Chem. Bull., 10 (4) 225-229.
2 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Insecticidal Bioefficacy Screening of Some New Pyridine Derivatives. ACS Omega, 4 (5) 8406-8412.
3 Tolba M. S., Sayed M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and Ahmed M. (2021) Design, synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some new thienopyrimidines. Org. Commun., 14 (4) 334-345.
4 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2020) Synthesis and biological activity of 2-((3-Cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)acetamide and its cyclized form. Alger. j. biosciences, 01 (02) 046-050.
5 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abdul-Malik M. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., Zawam S. A., and Tolba M. S. (2022) Synthesis of new distyrylpyridine analogues bearing amide substructure as effective insecticidal agents. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 23-28.
6 Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2017) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 2: Synthesis of some piperidinium and morpholiniumcyanopyridinethiolates and their insecticidal activity. J. Saud. Chem. Soc., 21 (1) 95–104.
7 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Zaki R. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Chemical design and toxicity evaluation of new pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines as potential insecticidal agents. Toxicol. Rep., 6 (2019) 100-104.
8 Gad M. A., Aref S. A., Abdelhamid A. A., Elwassimy M. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Biologically active organic compounds as insect growth regulators (IGRs): introduction, mode of action, and some synthetic methods. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 393-412.
9 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and characterization of some distyryl-derivatives for agricultural uses. Eur. Chem. Bull., 10 (1) 35-38.
10 Tolba M. S., Sayed M., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Gaber T. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Ahmed M. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of some new thiazolopyrimidinederivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 471-478.
11 Al-Taifi E. A., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2016) Some reactions of 3-cyano-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2(1H)-thione; Synthesis of new tetrahydroquinolines and tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolines. Assiut University Journal of Chemistry (AUJC), 45 (1) 24-32.
12 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Sayed M., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of selective pyridine compounds as
bioactive agents. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (3) 255-260.
13 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abdul-Malik M. A., Abd-Ella A. A., Al-Taifi E. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Mohamed S. K., Zawam S. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2021) A concise review on some synthetic routes and applications of pyridine scaffold compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 337-362.
14 Tolba M. S., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Ahmed M., Hassanien R., Sayed M., Zaki R. M., Mohamed S. K., Zawam S. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) Synthesis, reactions, and applications of pyrimidine derivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 121-138.
15 Abdelhafeez I. A., El-Tohamy S. A., Abdul-Malik M. A., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and El-Dars F. M. S. (2022) A review on green remediation techniques for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contaminated soil. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 43-62.
16 Tolba M. S., Abdul-Malik M. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Geies A. A., Radwan Sh. M., Zaki R. M., Sayed M., Mohamed S. K., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) An overview on synthesis and reactions of coumarin based compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 29-42.
17 Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2014) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 1: Synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Agric. Food Chem., 62 (41) 9982–9986.
18 Abdelhamid A. A., Elsaghier A. M. M., Aref S. A., Gad M. A., Ahmed N. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Preparation and biological activity evaluation of some benzoylthiourea and benzoylurea compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 371-376.
19 Abdalla M. M. (2014) Boosting the growth of rocket plants in response to the application of Moringa oleifera extracts as a bio stimulant. Life Sci. J., 11 (11) 1113-1121.
20 Abdul-Baki A. A., and Anderson J. O. (1973) Vigour determination of soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci., 13 630- 633.
21 Afzal I., Hussain B., Basra S. M., and Rehman H. (2012) Priming with MLE reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize. Seed Sci. and Technol., 40 (2) 271-276.
22 Ahmed D. M., and Nimer A. M. (2002) Effects of Acacia Senegal (L., Wild) on sandy soils. A case study of El Damokya Forest, Northern Kordofan State. Univ. Khartoum J. Agric. Sci., 10 106-118.
23 AOSA. (1983) Association of Official Seed Analysts.Seedvigour testing hand book. Contribution, No. 32 to the Handbood of seed testing.
24 Aziza A., Haben A., and Becker M. (2004) Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of barley under condition of P and Zn deficiency. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167 630-636.
25 Bartlett M. S. (1937) Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and applied biology. Suppl. J. R. Stat. Soc., 4 (2) 137-183.
26 El Atta H. A., and Bashir I. A. (1999) Adverse effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) leaf extract on germination and seedling growth of wheat. J. Agric. Sci., 7 (2) 70-80.
27 Ellis R. H., and Roberts E. H. (1981) The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 2 373-409.
28 Esmaeilpour A., and Damme P. V. (2016) Evaluation of seed soaking times on germination percentage, germination rate and growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings. Acta Hortic., 1109 107-112.
29 Farooq M., Jabran K., Rehman H., and Hussain M. (2008) Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and berseem. Allelopath. J., 22 385-390.
30 Finch-Savage W. E., Dent K. C., and Clark L. J. (2004) Soak conditions and temperature following sowing influence the response of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds to on-farm priming (pre-sowing seed soak). Field Crops Res., 90 (2/3) 361-374.
31 Fuglie L. J. (2000) New Uses of Moringa Studied in Nica ragua: ECHO's Technical Network Site-networking global hunger solutions. ECHO. Development Notes (EDN), 1-6. http://edn.link/edn-68
32 Fuglie L. J. (1999) The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Revised edition. Church World Service, Dakar. pp. 68.
33 Abou El-Nour H. H., and Ewais N. A. (2017) Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract (MLE) on Pepper Seed Germination, Seedlings Improvement, Growth, Fruit Yield and its Quality. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 6 (2) 448-463.
34 Howladar S. M. (2014) A novel Moringa oleifera leaf extract can mitigate the stress effects of salinity and cadmium in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) plants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 100 69-75.
35 ISTA. (1993) International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. and Technol. 2 supplement, 25-254.
36 ISTA. (1999) International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. and Technol. 2 supplement, 333 0251-0952.
37 Khaleel R. I., Ismail N., and Ibrahim M. H. (2013) The impact of waste water treatments on seed germination and biochemical parameter of Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 91 453-460.
38 Mabhaudhi T., and Modi A. T. (2011) Can hydro-priming improve germination speed, vigour and emergence of maize landraces under water stress?. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 1 20-28.
39 Maron J. L., Waller L. P., Hahn M. A., Diaconu A., Pal R. W., Muller-Scharer H., Klironomos J. N., and Callaway R. M. (2013) Effects of soil fungi, disturbance and propagule pressure on exotic plant recruitment and establishment at home and abroad. J. Ecol., 101 (4) 924-932.
40 Mehboob W., Rehman H., Basra S. M. A., and Afzal I. (2011) Role of seed priming in improving performance of spring maize. In: Proceedings of the international seminar on crop management: issues and options, Univ. of Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan pp, 55.
41 Muhammad A. I. (2015) Improving germination and seedling vigour of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with different priming techniques. Am.-Eurasian j. agric. environ. sci., 15 (2) 265- 270.
42 Nikishina T. V., Popov A. S., Kolomeitseva G. L., and Golovkin B. N. (2001) Effect of cryoconservation on seed germination of rare tropical Orchids. Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 48 (6) 810-815.
43 Nouman W., Siddiqui M. T., and Basra S. M. A. (2012) Moringa oleifera leaf extract: an innovative priming tool for rangeland grasses. Turk. J. Agric. For., 35 65-75.
44 Patane C., Saita A., Tubeileh A., Cosentino S. L., and Cavallaro V. (2016) Modeling seed germination of unprimed and primed seeds of sweet sorghum under PEG-induced water stress through the hydrotime analysis. Acta Physiol. Plant., 38 (5) 1-12.
45 Phiri C. (2010) Influence of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on germination and early seedling development of major cereals. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 1 (5) 774-777. http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA
46 Rady M. M., Gamal F., Mohamed A. M., and Yasmin H. M. (2015) Integrated application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract alleviates the salt-induced adverse effects in common bean plants. J. Agric. Technol., 11 (7) 1595-1614.
47 Rehman H., Nawaz M. Q., Basra S. M. A, Afzal I., Yasmeen A., and Hassan F. U. (2014) Seed priming influence on early crop growth, phenological development and yield performance of linola (Linum usitatissimum L.). J. Integr. Agric., 13 (5) 990-996.
48 Snedecor G. W., and Cochran W. G. (1992) Statistical Methods. 8th ed., Iowa State Univ., Press, Ames. Iowa, USA.
49 Wahid A., and Farooq M. (2012) Is seed invigoration economical and practical?. J. Agric. Soc. Sci., 8 (2) 79-80.
50 Wang H. Y., Chen C. L., and Sung J. M. (2002) Both warm water soaking and solid priming treatments enhance anti-oxidation of bitter gourd seeds germinated at sub-optimal temperature. Seed Sci. Technol., 31 47-56.
51 Saber A. F., Sayed M., Tolba M. S., Kamal A. M., Hassanien R., and Ahmed M. (2021) A Facile Method for Preparation and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Various Heterocycles Containing Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine. Synth. Commun., 51 (3) 398-409.
52 Ahmed M., Sayed M., Saber A. F., Hassanien R., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Tolba M. S. (2020) Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thienopyrimidine Derivatives. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd., Accepted Manuscript (DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852587).
53 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Zaki R. M., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2017) Synthesis, Reactions and Spectral Characterization of Novel Thienopyrazole Derivatives. Eur. Chem. Bull., 6 (12) 550–553.
54 Zaki R. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2019) Efficient synthesis, reactions and spectral characterization of novel pyrazolo[4’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their related heterocycles. Heterocycl. Commun., 25 (1) 39–46.
55 Saber A. F., Zaki R. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Radwan S. M. (2020) Synthesis, reactions and spectral characterization of some new biologically active compounds derived from thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 57 (1) 238–247.
56 Zaki R. M., El-Dean A. M. K., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2018) A Convenient Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity of Some New 6H-Pyrazolo[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]triazine Compounds as Antibacterial, Anti-Fungal and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 29 2482-2495.
57 Saber A. F., Kamal El‐Dean A. M., Redwan S. M., and Zaki R. M. (2020) Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of fused pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[3, 2‐d]pyrimidine. J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 67 (7) 1239-1246.
58 Abd-Ella A. A., Metwally S. A., Abdul-Malik M. A., El-Ossaily Y. A., Abd Elrazek F. M., Aref S. A., Naffea Y. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) A review on recent advances for the synthesis of bioactive pyrazolinone and pyrazolidinedione derivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., Accepted Manuscript (DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.2.004).
2 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Insecticidal Bioefficacy Screening of Some New Pyridine Derivatives. ACS Omega, 4 (5) 8406-8412.
3 Tolba M. S., Sayed M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and Ahmed M. (2021) Design, synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some new thienopyrimidines. Org. Commun., 14 (4) 334-345.
4 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2020) Synthesis and biological activity of 2-((3-Cyano-4,6-distyrylpyridin-2-yl)thio)acetamide and its cyclized form. Alger. j. biosciences, 01 (02) 046-050.
5 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abdul-Malik M. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., Zawam S. A., and Tolba M. S. (2022) Synthesis of new distyrylpyridine analogues bearing amide substructure as effective insecticidal agents. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 23-28.
6 Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2017) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 2: Synthesis of some piperidinium and morpholiniumcyanopyridinethiolates and their insecticidal activity. J. Saud. Chem. Soc., 21 (1) 95–104.
7 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abd-Ella A. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Zaki R. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2019) Chemical design and toxicity evaluation of new pyrimidothienotetrahydroisoquinolines as potential insecticidal agents. Toxicol. Rep., 6 (2019) 100-104.
8 Gad M. A., Aref S. A., Abdelhamid A. A., Elwassimy M. M., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Biologically active organic compounds as insect growth regulators (IGRs): introduction, mode of action, and some synthetic methods. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 393-412.
9 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and characterization of some distyryl-derivatives for agricultural uses. Eur. Chem. Bull., 10 (1) 35-38.
10 Tolba M. S., Sayed M., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Gaber T. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Ahmed M. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of some new thiazolopyrimidinederivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 471-478.
11 Al-Taifi E. A., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2016) Some reactions of 3-cyano-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2(1H)-thione; Synthesis of new tetrahydroquinolines and tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolines. Assiut University Journal of Chemistry (AUJC), 45 (1) 24-32.
12 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Sayed M., and Abd-Ella A. A. (2021) Synthesis and spectral characterization of selective pyridine compounds as
bioactive agents. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (3) 255-260.
13 Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Abdul-Malik M. A., Abd-Ella A. A., Al-Taifi E. A., Hassanien R., El-Sayed M. E. A., Mohamed S. K., Zawam S. A., and Bakhite E. A. (2021) A concise review on some synthetic routes and applications of pyridine scaffold compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 337-362.
14 Tolba M. S., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Ahmed M., Hassanien R., Sayed M., Zaki R. M., Mohamed S. K., Zawam S. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) Synthesis, reactions, and applications of pyrimidine derivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 121-138.
15 Abdelhafeez I. A., El-Tohamy S. A., Abdul-Malik M. A., Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A., and El-Dars F. M. S. (2022) A review on green remediation techniques for hydrocarbons and heavy metals contaminated soil. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 43-62.
16 Tolba M. S., Abdul-Malik M. A., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Geies A. A., Radwan Sh. M., Zaki R. M., Sayed M., Mohamed S. K., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) An overview on synthesis and reactions of coumarin based compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 11 (1) 29-42.
17 Bakhite E. A., Abd-Ella A. A., El-Sayed M. E. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2014) Pyridine derivatives as insecticides. Part 1: Synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against Cowpea Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Agric. Food Chem., 62 (41) 9982–9986.
18 Abdelhamid A. A., Elsaghier A. M. M., Aref S. A., Gad M. A., Ahmed N. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2021) Preparation and biological activity evaluation of some benzoylthiourea and benzoylurea compounds. Curr. Chem. Lett., 10 (4) 371-376.
19 Abdalla M. M. (2014) Boosting the growth of rocket plants in response to the application of Moringa oleifera extracts as a bio stimulant. Life Sci. J., 11 (11) 1113-1121.
20 Abdul-Baki A. A., and Anderson J. O. (1973) Vigour determination of soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci., 13 630- 633.
21 Afzal I., Hussain B., Basra S. M., and Rehman H. (2012) Priming with MLE reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize. Seed Sci. and Technol., 40 (2) 271-276.
22 Ahmed D. M., and Nimer A. M. (2002) Effects of Acacia Senegal (L., Wild) on sandy soils. A case study of El Damokya Forest, Northern Kordofan State. Univ. Khartoum J. Agric. Sci., 10 106-118.
23 AOSA. (1983) Association of Official Seed Analysts.Seedvigour testing hand book. Contribution, No. 32 to the Handbood of seed testing.
24 Aziza A., Haben A., and Becker M. (2004) Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of barley under condition of P and Zn deficiency. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167 630-636.
25 Bartlett M. S. (1937) Some examples of statistical methods of research in agriculture and applied biology. Suppl. J. R. Stat. Soc., 4 (2) 137-183.
26 El Atta H. A., and Bashir I. A. (1999) Adverse effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) leaf extract on germination and seedling growth of wheat. J. Agric. Sci., 7 (2) 70-80.
27 Ellis R. H., and Roberts E. H. (1981) The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 2 373-409.
28 Esmaeilpour A., and Damme P. V. (2016) Evaluation of seed soaking times on germination percentage, germination rate and growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings. Acta Hortic., 1109 107-112.
29 Farooq M., Jabran K., Rehman H., and Hussain M. (2008) Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and berseem. Allelopath. J., 22 385-390.
30 Finch-Savage W. E., Dent K. C., and Clark L. J. (2004) Soak conditions and temperature following sowing influence the response of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds to on-farm priming (pre-sowing seed soak). Field Crops Res., 90 (2/3) 361-374.
31 Fuglie L. J. (2000) New Uses of Moringa Studied in Nica ragua: ECHO's Technical Network Site-networking global hunger solutions. ECHO. Development Notes (EDN), 1-6. http://edn.link/edn-68
32 Fuglie L. J. (1999) The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Revised edition. Church World Service, Dakar. pp. 68.
33 Abou El-Nour H. H., and Ewais N. A. (2017) Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract (MLE) on Pepper Seed Germination, Seedlings Improvement, Growth, Fruit Yield and its Quality. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 6 (2) 448-463.
34 Howladar S. M. (2014) A novel Moringa oleifera leaf extract can mitigate the stress effects of salinity and cadmium in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) plants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 100 69-75.
35 ISTA. (1993) International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. and Technol. 2 supplement, 25-254.
36 ISTA. (1999) International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Sci. and Technol. 2 supplement, 333 0251-0952.
37 Khaleel R. I., Ismail N., and Ibrahim M. H. (2013) The impact of waste water treatments on seed germination and biochemical parameter of Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 91 453-460.
38 Mabhaudhi T., and Modi A. T. (2011) Can hydro-priming improve germination speed, vigour and emergence of maize landraces under water stress?. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 1 20-28.
39 Maron J. L., Waller L. P., Hahn M. A., Diaconu A., Pal R. W., Muller-Scharer H., Klironomos J. N., and Callaway R. M. (2013) Effects of soil fungi, disturbance and propagule pressure on exotic plant recruitment and establishment at home and abroad. J. Ecol., 101 (4) 924-932.
40 Mehboob W., Rehman H., Basra S. M. A., and Afzal I. (2011) Role of seed priming in improving performance of spring maize. In: Proceedings of the international seminar on crop management: issues and options, Univ. of Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan pp, 55.
41 Muhammad A. I. (2015) Improving germination and seedling vigour of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with different priming techniques. Am.-Eurasian j. agric. environ. sci., 15 (2) 265- 270.
42 Nikishina T. V., Popov A. S., Kolomeitseva G. L., and Golovkin B. N. (2001) Effect of cryoconservation on seed germination of rare tropical Orchids. Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 48 (6) 810-815.
43 Nouman W., Siddiqui M. T., and Basra S. M. A. (2012) Moringa oleifera leaf extract: an innovative priming tool for rangeland grasses. Turk. J. Agric. For., 35 65-75.
44 Patane C., Saita A., Tubeileh A., Cosentino S. L., and Cavallaro V. (2016) Modeling seed germination of unprimed and primed seeds of sweet sorghum under PEG-induced water stress through the hydrotime analysis. Acta Physiol. Plant., 38 (5) 1-12.
45 Phiri C. (2010) Influence of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on germination and early seedling development of major cereals. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 1 (5) 774-777. http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA
46 Rady M. M., Gamal F., Mohamed A. M., and Yasmin H. M. (2015) Integrated application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract alleviates the salt-induced adverse effects in common bean plants. J. Agric. Technol., 11 (7) 1595-1614.
47 Rehman H., Nawaz M. Q., Basra S. M. A, Afzal I., Yasmeen A., and Hassan F. U. (2014) Seed priming influence on early crop growth, phenological development and yield performance of linola (Linum usitatissimum L.). J. Integr. Agric., 13 (5) 990-996.
48 Snedecor G. W., and Cochran W. G. (1992) Statistical Methods. 8th ed., Iowa State Univ., Press, Ames. Iowa, USA.
49 Wahid A., and Farooq M. (2012) Is seed invigoration economical and practical?. J. Agric. Soc. Sci., 8 (2) 79-80.
50 Wang H. Y., Chen C. L., and Sung J. M. (2002) Both warm water soaking and solid priming treatments enhance anti-oxidation of bitter gourd seeds germinated at sub-optimal temperature. Seed Sci. Technol., 31 47-56.
51 Saber A. F., Sayed M., Tolba M. S., Kamal A. M., Hassanien R., and Ahmed M. (2021) A Facile Method for Preparation and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Various Heterocycles Containing Thieno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine. Synth. Commun., 51 (3) 398-409.
52 Ahmed M., Sayed M., Saber A. F., Hassanien R., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Tolba M. S. (2020) Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thienopyrimidine Derivatives. Polycycl. Aromat. Compd., Accepted Manuscript (DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852587).
53 Kamal El-Dean A. M., Zaki R. M., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2017) Synthesis, Reactions and Spectral Characterization of Novel Thienopyrazole Derivatives. Eur. Chem. Bull., 6 (12) 550–553.
54 Zaki R. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2019) Efficient synthesis, reactions and spectral characterization of novel pyrazolo[4’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their related heterocycles. Heterocycl. Commun., 25 (1) 39–46.
55 Saber A. F., Zaki R. M., Kamal El-Dean A. M., and Radwan S. M. (2020) Synthesis, reactions and spectral characterization of some new biologically active compounds derived from thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carboxamide. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 57 (1) 238–247.
56 Zaki R. M., El-Dean A. M. K., Radwan S. M., and Saber A. F. (2018) A Convenient Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity of Some New 6H-Pyrazolo[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]triazine Compounds as Antibacterial, Anti-Fungal and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 29 2482-2495.
57 Saber A. F., Kamal El‐Dean A. M., Redwan S. M., and Zaki R. M. (2020) Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of fused pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[3, 2‐d]pyrimidine. J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 67 (7) 1239-1246.
58 Abd-Ella A. A., Metwally S. A., Abdul-Malik M. A., El-Ossaily Y. A., Abd Elrazek F. M., Aref S. A., Naffea Y. A., and Abdel-Raheem Sh. A. A. (2022) A review on recent advances for the synthesis of bioactive pyrazolinone and pyrazolidinedione derivatives. Curr. Chem. Lett., Accepted Manuscript (DOI: 10.5267/j.ccl.2022.2.004).