4
How to cite this paper
APA: Zhylko, V., Saliyeva, L., Slyvka, N., Grozav, A., Yakovychuk, N., Melnyk, D., Melnyk, O., Litvinchuk, M & Vov, M. (2025). Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity evaluation, DFT-calculation, and docking studies of 3-aryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles. Current Chemistry Letters, 14(1), 107-118.
Chicago/Turabian: Zhylko, V., Saliyeva, L., Slyvka, N., Grozav, A., Yakovychuk, N., Melnyk, D., Melnyk, O., Litvinchuk, M & Vov, M. 2025. "Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity evaluation, DFT-calculation, and docking studies of 3-aryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles." Current Chemistry Letters 14, no. 1 (2025): 107-118.
AMA: Zhylko, V., Saliyeva, L., Slyvka, N., Grozav, A., Yakovychuk, N., Melnyk, D., Melnyk, O., Litvinchuk, M & Vov, M. Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity evaluation, DFT-calculation, and docking studies of 3-aryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles. Current Chemistry Letters. 2025;14(1):107-118.
References
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2 Fascio M.L., Errea M.I., D'Accorso N.B. (2015) Imidazothiazole and related heterocyclic systems. Synthesis, chemical and biological properties. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 90 666-683.
3 Kamal A., Kashi Reddy M., Viswanath, A. (2013) The design and development of imidazothiazole-chalcone derivatives as potential anticancer drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Discovery. 8 (3) 289-304.
4 Buron F., Hiebel M.-A., Mérour J.-Y., Plé K., Routier S. (2018) Chapter Four - The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems With a Bridgehead Nitrogen. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 125, 301-356.
5 Amarouch H., Loiseau P. R., Bacha C., Caujolle R., Payard M., Loiseau P. M., Bories C., Gayral P. (1987) Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles: analogues du lévamisole. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 22 (5) 463-466.
6 Montalban-Bravo G., Jabbour E., Chien K., Hammond D., Short N., Ravandi F., Konopleva M., Borthakur G., Daver N., Kanagal-Shammana R., Loghavi S., Qiao W., Huang X., Schneider H., Meyer M., Kantarjian H., Garcia-Manero G. (2024) Phase 1 study of azacitidine in combination with quizartinib in patients with FLT3 or CBL mutated MDS and MDS/MPN. Leuk. Res. 142 107518.
7 Liu K.G., Robichaud A.J., Bernotas R.C., Yan Y., Lo J.R., Zhang M.Y., Hughes Z.A., Huselton C., Zhang G.M., Zhang J.Y., Kowal D.M., Smith D.L., Schechter L.E., Comery T.A. (2010) 5-Piperazinyl-3-sulfonylindazoles as potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 antagonists. J. Med. Chem. 53 (21) 7639-7646.
8 Da Pozzo E., La Pietra V., Cosimelli B., Da Settimo F., Giacomelli C., Marinelli L., Martini C., Novellino E., Taliani S., Greco G. (2014) p53 functional inhibitors behaving like pifithrin-β counteract the Alzheimer peptide non-β-amyloid component effects in human SH-SY5Y cells. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 5 (5) 390-399.
9 Krueger J.G., Suárez-Fariñas M., Cueto I., Khacherian A., Matheson R., Parish L.C., Leonardi C., Shortino D., Gupta A., Haddad J., Vlasuk G.P., Jacobson E.W. (2015) A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of SRT2104, a SIRT1 Activator, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis. PloS One. 10 (11) e0142081.
10 Dianat S., Moghimi S., Mahdavi M., Nadri H., Moradi A., Firoozpour L., Emami S., Mouradzadegun A., Shafiee A., Foroumadi A. (2016) Quinoline-based imidazole-fused heterocycles as new inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31 (sup3) 205-209.
11 Serafini M., Torre E., Aprile S., Massarotti A., Fallarini S., Pirali T. (2019) Synthesis, Docking and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Class of Imidazothiazoles as IDO1 Inhibitors. Molecules. 24 (10) 1874.
12 Shareef M.A., Sirisha K., Sayeed I.B., Khan I., Ganapathi T., Akbar S., Kumar C.G., Kamal A., Babu B.N. (2019) Synthesis of new triazole fused imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hybrids with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 29 (19) 126621.
13 Wang N.Y., Xu Y., Zuo W.Q., Xiao K.J., Liu L., Zeng X.X., You X.Y., Zhang L.D., Gao C., Liu Z.H., Ye T.H., Xia Y., Xiong Y., Song X.J., Lei Q., Peng C.T., Tang H., Yang S.Y., Wei Y.Q., Yu L.T. (2015) Discovery of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole HCV NS4B inhibitors exhibiting synergistic effect with other direct-acting antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem. 58 (6) 2764-2778.
14 Leoni A., Frosini M., Locatelli A., Micucci M., Carotenuto C., Durante M., Cosconati S., Budriesi R. (2019) 4-Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-1,4-DHPs and neuroprotection: preliminary study in hits searching. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 169 89-102.
15 Ahlemeyer N.A., Streff E.V., Muthupandi P., Birman V.B. (2017) Dramatic Acceleration of an Acyl Transfer-Initiated Cascade by Using Electron-Rich Amidine-Based Catalysts. Org. Lett. 19 (24) 6486-6489.
16 Okamoto S., Sakai Y., Watanabe S., Nishi S., Yoneyama A., Katsumata H., Kosaki Y., Sato R., Shiratori M., Shibuno M., Shishido T. (2014) Structure–activity relationship of dihydroimidazo-, dihydropyrimido, tetrahydrodiazepino-[2,1-b]-thiazoles, and -benzothiazoles as an acylation catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett. 55 (11) 1909-1912.
17 Yin X., Yang Z., Huang G., Bian J., Wang D., Wang Q., Teng M., Wang Z., Zhang J. (2019) Synthesis and properties of a series of iridium complexes with imidazolo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as primary ligands. New J. Chem. 43 5849-5856.
18 Li Y., Bionda N., Fleeman R., Wang H., Ozawa A., Houghten R.A., Shaw L. (2016) Identification of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24 (21) 5633-5638.
19 Chang L., Duy doL., Mébarek S., Popowycz F., Pellet-Rostaing S., Lemaire M., Buchet R. (2011) Synthesis and evaluation of thiophenyl derivatives as inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21 (8) 2297-2301.
20 Lecat-Guillet N., Ambroise Y. (2009) Synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as iodide efflux inhibitors in thyrocytes. ChemMedChem. 4 (11) 1819-1830.
21 Brough P.A., Cheetham S.C., Kerrigan F., Watts J.P. (2000) Thiazoloderivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. WO Patent 00/71549.
22 Dominguez C., Wityak J., Bard J., Kiselyov A., Brown C.J., Galan S.R.G., Prime M.E., Giles P.R., Gadouleau E.L.P., Krülle T.M., Clark-Frew D., Johnson P.D., Schaertl S., Herrmann F., Grimm S.K., Kahmann J.D., Scheich C., Coe S., Hayes S. (2016) Probes for imaging Huntingtin protein. WO Patent 2016/033445.
23 Abdel-Wahab B.F., Mohamed H.A. (2012) Imidazobenzothiazoles: synthesis and application. J. Sulfur Chem. 33 (3) 335-349.
24 Saliyeva L.N., Diachenko I.V., Vas’kevich R.I., Slyvka N.Yu., Vovk M.V. (2020) Imidazothiazoles and their Hydrogenated Analogs: Methods of Synthesis and Biomedical Potential. Chem. Heterocycl. Comp. 56 (11) 1394-1407.
25 Daina A., Giuliano C., Pietra C., Wang J., Chi Y., Zou Z., Li F., Yan Z., Zhou Y., Guainazzi A., Garcia Rubio S., Zoete V. (2018) Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists as Potential Treatment against Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. J. Med. Chem. 61 (24) 11039-11060.
26 Dylong A., Goldeman W., Sowa M., Ślepokura K., Drożdżewski P., Matczak-Jon E. (2016) Synthesis, crystal structures and spectral characterization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl-acetic acid and related analog with imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ring. J. Mol. Struct. 1117 153-163.
27 Xu Y., Wang H., Zhao J., Yang X., Pei M., Zhang G., Zhang Y., Lin L. (2019) A simple fluorescent schiff base for sequential detection of Zn2+ and PPi based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 383 112026.
28 Wang N.Y., Xu Y., Zuo W.Q., Xiao K.J., Liu L., Zeng X.X., You X.Y., Zhang L.D., Gao C., Liu Z.H., Ye T.H., Xia Y., Xiong Y., Song X.J., Lei Q., Peng C.T., Tang H., Yang S.Y., Wei Y.Q., Yu L.T. (2015) Discovery of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole HCV NS4B inhibitors exhibiting synergistic effect with other direct-acting antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem. 58 (6) 2764-2778.
29 Šačkus A., Bričkutė D., Paliulis O., Sløk F.A. (2015) Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of α-aminoadipic Acid and its Esters Based on Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Thiazole. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 52 (4) 1032-1036.
30 Samala G., Devi P.B., Saxena S., Meda N., Yogeeswari P., Sriram D. (2016) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24 (6) 1298-1307.
31 Lu X., Tang J., Liu Z., Li M., Zhang T., Zhang X., Ding K. (2016) Discovery of new chemical entities as potential leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 26 (24) 5916-5919.
32 Roslan I.I., Ng K.H., Chuah G.K., Jaenicke S. (2017) Reagent-controlled regiodivergent intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with β-ketoesters and β-ketoamides. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 13 2739-2750.
33 Gomha S.M., Edrees M.M., El-Arab E.E. (2017) Synthesis and Preliminary In-Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some Novel bis-Heterocycles Incorporating Thienothiophene. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 54 (1) 641-647.
34 Varma R.S., Kumar D., Liesen P.J. (1998) Solid state synthesis of 2-aroylbenzo[b]furans, 1,3-thiazoles and 3-aryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles from α-tosyloxyketones using microwave irradiation. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 4093-4096.
35 Liu Z., Chen Z., Zheng, Q. (2003) Hypervalent Iodine in Synthesis 92. A Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted-5,6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles by Cyclocondensation of Alkynyl(Phenyl)Iodonium Salts and Imidazolidine-2-Thione. J. Chem. Res. 2003 715-717.
36 Foti M.C. (2007) Antioxidant properties of phenols. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 59 (12) 1673-1685.
37 Marano S., Minnelli C., Ripani L., Marcaccio M., Laudadio E., Mobbili G., Amici A., Armeni T., Stipa P. (2021) Insights into the Antioxidant Mechanism of Newly Synthesized Benzoxazinic Nitrones: In Vitro and In Silico Studies with DPPH Model Radical. Antioxidants. 10 1224.
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43 El-Sheshtawy H.S., Ibrahim M.M., El-Mehasseb I., El-Kemary M. (2015) Orthogonal hydrogen/halogen bonding in 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazole-2(3H)-thione-I2 adduct: An experimental and theoretical study. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mol. Biomol. Spectroscopy. 143 120-127.
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1 Tojo S., Kohno T., Tanaka T., Kamioka S., Ota Y., Ishii T., Kamimoto K., Asano S., Isobe Y. (2014) Crystal Structures and Structure-Activity Relationships of Imidazothiazole Derivatives as IDO1 Inhibitors. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 5 (10) 1119-1123.
2 Fascio M.L., Errea M.I., D'Accorso N.B. (2015) Imidazothiazole and related heterocyclic systems. Synthesis, chemical and biological properties. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 90 666-683.
3 Kamal A., Kashi Reddy M., Viswanath, A. (2013) The design and development of imidazothiazole-chalcone derivatives as potential anticancer drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Discovery. 8 (3) 289-304.
4 Buron F., Hiebel M.-A., Mérour J.-Y., Plé K., Routier S. (2018) Chapter Four - The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems With a Bridgehead Nitrogen. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 125, 301-356.
5 Amarouch H., Loiseau P. R., Bacha C., Caujolle R., Payard M., Loiseau P. M., Bories C., Gayral P. (1987) Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles: analogues du lévamisole. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 22 (5) 463-466.
6 Montalban-Bravo G., Jabbour E., Chien K., Hammond D., Short N., Ravandi F., Konopleva M., Borthakur G., Daver N., Kanagal-Shammana R., Loghavi S., Qiao W., Huang X., Schneider H., Meyer M., Kantarjian H., Garcia-Manero G. (2024) Phase 1 study of azacitidine in combination with quizartinib in patients with FLT3 or CBL mutated MDS and MDS/MPN. Leuk. Res. 142 107518.
7 Liu K.G., Robichaud A.J., Bernotas R.C., Yan Y., Lo J.R., Zhang M.Y., Hughes Z.A., Huselton C., Zhang G.M., Zhang J.Y., Kowal D.M., Smith D.L., Schechter L.E., Comery T.A. (2010) 5-Piperazinyl-3-sulfonylindazoles as potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 antagonists. J. Med. Chem. 53 (21) 7639-7646.
8 Da Pozzo E., La Pietra V., Cosimelli B., Da Settimo F., Giacomelli C., Marinelli L., Martini C., Novellino E., Taliani S., Greco G. (2014) p53 functional inhibitors behaving like pifithrin-β counteract the Alzheimer peptide non-β-amyloid component effects in human SH-SY5Y cells. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 5 (5) 390-399.
9 Krueger J.G., Suárez-Fariñas M., Cueto I., Khacherian A., Matheson R., Parish L.C., Leonardi C., Shortino D., Gupta A., Haddad J., Vlasuk G.P., Jacobson E.W. (2015) A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of SRT2104, a SIRT1 Activator, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis. PloS One. 10 (11) e0142081.
10 Dianat S., Moghimi S., Mahdavi M., Nadri H., Moradi A., Firoozpour L., Emami S., Mouradzadegun A., Shafiee A., Foroumadi A. (2016) Quinoline-based imidazole-fused heterocycles as new inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31 (sup3) 205-209.
11 Serafini M., Torre E., Aprile S., Massarotti A., Fallarini S., Pirali T. (2019) Synthesis, Docking and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Class of Imidazothiazoles as IDO1 Inhibitors. Molecules. 24 (10) 1874.
12 Shareef M.A., Sirisha K., Sayeed I.B., Khan I., Ganapathi T., Akbar S., Kumar C.G., Kamal A., Babu B.N. (2019) Synthesis of new triazole fused imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hybrids with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 29 (19) 126621.
13 Wang N.Y., Xu Y., Zuo W.Q., Xiao K.J., Liu L., Zeng X.X., You X.Y., Zhang L.D., Gao C., Liu Z.H., Ye T.H., Xia Y., Xiong Y., Song X.J., Lei Q., Peng C.T., Tang H., Yang S.Y., Wei Y.Q., Yu L.T. (2015) Discovery of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole HCV NS4B inhibitors exhibiting synergistic effect with other direct-acting antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem. 58 (6) 2764-2778.
14 Leoni A., Frosini M., Locatelli A., Micucci M., Carotenuto C., Durante M., Cosconati S., Budriesi R. (2019) 4-Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-1,4-DHPs and neuroprotection: preliminary study in hits searching. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 169 89-102.
15 Ahlemeyer N.A., Streff E.V., Muthupandi P., Birman V.B. (2017) Dramatic Acceleration of an Acyl Transfer-Initiated Cascade by Using Electron-Rich Amidine-Based Catalysts. Org. Lett. 19 (24) 6486-6489.
16 Okamoto S., Sakai Y., Watanabe S., Nishi S., Yoneyama A., Katsumata H., Kosaki Y., Sato R., Shiratori M., Shibuno M., Shishido T. (2014) Structure–activity relationship of dihydroimidazo-, dihydropyrimido, tetrahydrodiazepino-[2,1-b]-thiazoles, and -benzothiazoles as an acylation catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett. 55 (11) 1909-1912.
17 Yin X., Yang Z., Huang G., Bian J., Wang D., Wang Q., Teng M., Wang Z., Zhang J. (2019) Synthesis and properties of a series of iridium complexes with imidazolo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as primary ligands. New J. Chem. 43 5849-5856.
18 Li Y., Bionda N., Fleeman R., Wang H., Ozawa A., Houghten R.A., Shaw L. (2016) Identification of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24 (21) 5633-5638.
19 Chang L., Duy doL., Mébarek S., Popowycz F., Pellet-Rostaing S., Lemaire M., Buchet R. (2011) Synthesis and evaluation of thiophenyl derivatives as inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21 (8) 2297-2301.
20 Lecat-Guillet N., Ambroise Y. (2009) Synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as iodide efflux inhibitors in thyrocytes. ChemMedChem. 4 (11) 1819-1830.
21 Brough P.A., Cheetham S.C., Kerrigan F., Watts J.P. (2000) Thiazoloderivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. WO Patent 00/71549.
22 Dominguez C., Wityak J., Bard J., Kiselyov A., Brown C.J., Galan S.R.G., Prime M.E., Giles P.R., Gadouleau E.L.P., Krülle T.M., Clark-Frew D., Johnson P.D., Schaertl S., Herrmann F., Grimm S.K., Kahmann J.D., Scheich C., Coe S., Hayes S. (2016) Probes for imaging Huntingtin protein. WO Patent 2016/033445.
23 Abdel-Wahab B.F., Mohamed H.A. (2012) Imidazobenzothiazoles: synthesis and application. J. Sulfur Chem. 33 (3) 335-349.
24 Saliyeva L.N., Diachenko I.V., Vas’kevich R.I., Slyvka N.Yu., Vovk M.V. (2020) Imidazothiazoles and their Hydrogenated Analogs: Methods of Synthesis and Biomedical Potential. Chem. Heterocycl. Comp. 56 (11) 1394-1407.
25 Daina A., Giuliano C., Pietra C., Wang J., Chi Y., Zou Z., Li F., Yan Z., Zhou Y., Guainazzi A., Garcia Rubio S., Zoete V. (2018) Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists as Potential Treatment against Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. J. Med. Chem. 61 (24) 11039-11060.
26 Dylong A., Goldeman W., Sowa M., Ślepokura K., Drożdżewski P., Matczak-Jon E. (2016) Synthesis, crystal structures and spectral characterization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl-acetic acid and related analog with imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole ring. J. Mol. Struct. 1117 153-163.
27 Xu Y., Wang H., Zhao J., Yang X., Pei M., Zhang G., Zhang Y., Lin L. (2019) A simple fluorescent schiff base for sequential detection of Zn2+ and PPi based on imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 383 112026.
28 Wang N.Y., Xu Y., Zuo W.Q., Xiao K.J., Liu L., Zeng X.X., You X.Y., Zhang L.D., Gao C., Liu Z.H., Ye T.H., Xia Y., Xiong Y., Song X.J., Lei Q., Peng C.T., Tang H., Yang S.Y., Wei Y.Q., Yu L.T. (2015) Discovery of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole HCV NS4B inhibitors exhibiting synergistic effect with other direct-acting antiviral agents. J. Med. Chem. 58 (6) 2764-2778.
29 Šačkus A., Bričkutė D., Paliulis O., Sløk F.A. (2015) Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of α-aminoadipic Acid and its Esters Based on Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Thiazole. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 52 (4) 1032-1036.
30 Samala G., Devi P.B., Saxena S., Meda N., Yogeeswari P., Sriram D. (2016) Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as Mycobacterium tuberculosis pantothenate synthetase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24 (6) 1298-1307.
31 Lu X., Tang J., Liu Z., Li M., Zhang T., Zhang X., Ding K. (2016) Discovery of new chemical entities as potential leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 26 (24) 5916-5919.
32 Roslan I.I., Ng K.H., Chuah G.K., Jaenicke S. (2017) Reagent-controlled regiodivergent intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with β-ketoesters and β-ketoamides. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 13 2739-2750.
33 Gomha S.M., Edrees M.M., El-Arab E.E. (2017) Synthesis and Preliminary In-Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some Novel bis-Heterocycles Incorporating Thienothiophene. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 54 (1) 641-647.
34 Varma R.S., Kumar D., Liesen P.J. (1998) Solid state synthesis of 2-aroylbenzo[b]furans, 1,3-thiazoles and 3-aryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles from α-tosyloxyketones using microwave irradiation. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 4093-4096.
35 Liu Z., Chen Z., Zheng, Q. (2003) Hypervalent Iodine in Synthesis 92. A Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted-5,6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles by Cyclocondensation of Alkynyl(Phenyl)Iodonium Salts and Imidazolidine-2-Thione. J. Chem. Res. 2003 715-717.
36 Foti M.C. (2007) Antioxidant properties of phenols. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 59 (12) 1673-1685.
37 Marano S., Minnelli C., Ripani L., Marcaccio M., Laudadio E., Mobbili G., Amici A., Armeni T., Stipa P. (2021) Insights into the Antioxidant Mechanism of Newly Synthesized Benzoxazinic Nitrones: In Vitro and In Silico Studies with DPPH Model Radical. Antioxidants. 10 1224.
38 Firsch M.J., Trucks G.W., and Schlegel H.B. (2016) Gaussian 09, Revision A.02, Wallingford CT.
39 Gázquez J.L., Cedillo A., Vela A. (2007) Electrodonating and Electroaccepting Powers. J. Phys. Chem. A, 111 (10) 1966-1970.
40 Reina M., Castañeda-Arriaga R., Perez-Gonzalez A., Guzman-Lopez E., Tan D.-X., Reiter R., Galano A. (2018) A Computer-Assisted Systematic Search for Melatonin Derivatives with High Potential as Antioxidants. Melatonin Res. 1 1 27-58.
41 Pérez, P., Domingo, L. R., José Aurell, M., & Contreras, R. (2003) Quantitative characterization of the global electrophilicity pattern of some reagents involved in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron, 59 (17) 3117–3125.
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