How to cite this paper
Shivakumara, N & Krishna, P. (2019). 5-[Substituted]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amines: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Evaluation of their DNA interactions.Current Chemistry Letters, 8(3), 157-168.
Refrences
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3. Sastry, K. V., Routhu, S. R., Datta, S. G., Nagesh, N., Babu, B. N., Nanubolu, J. B., ... & Kamal, A. (2016). Synthesis, DNA binding affinity and anticancer activity of novel 4 H-benzo [g][1, 2, 3] triazolo [5, 1-c][1, 4] oxazocines. Org. & Biomol. Chem., 14(39), 9294-9305.
4. Lamani, D. S., Venugopala Reddy, K. R., Bhojya Naik, H. S., Savyasachi, A., & Naik, H. R. (2008). Synthesis and DNA binding studies of novel heterocyclic substituted quinoline schiff bases: a potent antimicrobial agent. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids., 27(10-11), 1197-1210.
5. Martinez, A., Alonso, D., Castro, A., Arán, V. J., Cardelús, I., Baños, J. E., & Badia, A. (1999). Synthesis and Potential Muscarinic Receptor Binding and Antioxidant Properties of 3‐(Thiadiazolyl) pyridine 1‐Oxide Compounds. Archiv der Pharmazie: Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem, 332(6), 191-194.
6. Dai, H., Li, G., Chen, J., Shi, Y., Ge, S., Fan, C., & He, H. (2016). Synthesis and biological activities of novel 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives. Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett., 26(15), 3818-3821.
7. Demirbas, A., Sahin, D., Demirbas, N., & Karaoglu, S. A. (2009). Synthesis of some new 1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-ylmethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives and investigation of their antimicrobial activities. Eur. J Med. Chem., 44(7), 2896-2903.
8. Hu, Y., Li, C. Y., Wang, X. M., Yang, Y. H., & Zhu, H. L. (2014). 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem. Rev., 114(10), 5572-5610.
9. Luo, Y. P., & Yang, G. F. (2007). Discovery of a new insecticide lead by optimizing a target-diverse scaffold: tetrazolinone derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15(4), 1716-1724.
10. Chen, H., Li, Z., & Han, Y. (2000). Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity against Rhizoctonia s olani of 2-Alkyl (Alkylthio)-5-pyrazolyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (Thiadiazoles). J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(11), 5312-5315.
11. Zheng, Q., Mi, N., Fan, Z., Zuo, X., Zhang, H., Wang, H., & Yang, Z. (2010). 5-Methyl-1, 2, 3-thiadiazoles synthesized via Ugi reaction and their fungicidal and antiviral activities. J. Agri. Food Chem., 58(13), 7846-7855.
12. Li, Z. S., Wang, W. M., Lu, W., Niu, C. W., Li, Y. H., Li, Z. M., & Wang, J. G. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of nonsymmetrical aromatic disulfides as novel inhibitors of acetohydroxyacid synthase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23(13), 3723-3727.
13. Tripathy, R., Ghose, A., Singh, J., Bacon, E. R., Angeles, T. S., Yang, S. X., ... & Mallamo, J. P. (2007). 1, 2, 3-Thiadiazole substituted pyrazolones as potent KDR/VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17(6), 1793-1798.
14. Polkam, N., Rayam, P., Anireddy, J. S., Yennam, S., Anantaraju, H. S., Dharmarajan, S., ... & Balasubramanian, S. (2015). Synthesis, in vitro anticancer and antimycobacterial evaluation of new 5-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-amino derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25(7), 1398-1402.
15. Yadagiri, B., Gurrala, S., Bantu, R., Nagarapu, L., Polepalli, S., Srujana, G., & Jain, N. (2015). Synthesis and evaluation of benzosuberone embedded with 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4-triazole moieties as new potential anti proliferative agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25(10), 2220-2224.
16. Jakovljević, K., Matić, I. Z., Stanojković, T., Krivokuća, A., Marković, V., Joksović, M. D., ... & Joksović, L. (2017). Synthesis, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles derived from phenolic acids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 27(16), 3709-3715.
17. Gan, X., Hu, D., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., & Song, B. (2017). Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole-chalcone conjugates. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 27(18), 4298-4301.
18. Skrzypek, A., Matysiak, J., Niewiadomy, A., Bajda, M., & Szymański, P. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole analogues as novel AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 311-319.
19. McGleenon, B. M., Dynan, K. B., & Passmore, A. P. (1999). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease. Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 48(4), 471.
20. Wang, J., Zhang, H. Y., & Tang, X. C. (2009). Cholinergic deficiency involved in vascular dementia: possible mechanism and strategy of treatment. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 30(7), 879.
21. Reddy, K. R., Mamatha, R., Babu, M. S., Shiva Kumar, K., Jayaveera, K. N., & Narayanaswamy, G. (2014). Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some triazole, thiadiazole, and oxadiazole substituted coumarins. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 51(1), 132-137.
22. Wang, G., Jin, L., Ye, J., & Li, X. (2010). Electrical and electrochemical properties of poly (2, 5-dimercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole)-polyaniline adduct intercalated graphite oxide composites. Mater. Chem. Phy., 122(1), 224-229.
23. Selvarasu, C., & Kannan, P. (2015). Bent Shaped 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole/Thiadiazole heterocyclic rings containing liquid crystals. J. Chem. Sci., 127(10), 1831-1838.
24. Kuo, H. M., Li, S. Y., Sheu, H. S., & Lai, C. K. (2012). Symmetrical mesogenic 2, 5-bis (6-naphthalen-2-yl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles. Tetrahedron, 68(36), 7331-7337.
25. Prajapati, A. K., & Modi, V. (2010). Bent-shaped mesogenic oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives from rod-shaped mesogenic hydrazide containing polar chloro group. Liq. Cryst., 37(4), 407-415.
26. Tomi, I. H. R., Al-Heetimi, D. T., & Jaffer, H. J. (2017). Asymmetric 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives: synthesis, characterization and studying their liquid crystalline properties. J. Mol. Stru., 1141, 176-185.
27. Solmaz, R., Kardaş, G., Yazıcı, B., & Erbil, M. (2008). Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole on mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Colloids and Surf., 312(1), 7-17.
28. Maradiya, H. R. (2002). Monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives. J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 67(11), 709-718.
29. Gowramma, B., Kulkarni, A., Gomathy, S., & Kandula, R. (2012). Synthesis And Anticonvul sant Screening Of Some Novel 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives. J. Pharma. Res., 5(1), 58-60.
30. Gupta, A., Singh, P., Kamble, B., Kulkarni, A., & Joghee Nanjan Chandrasekar, M. (2012). Synthesis, Docking and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 5-bromo-2-(5-aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione Derivatives Targeting ATP-binding Site of Topoisomerase II. Lett. Drug Design & Discovery, 9(7), 668-675.
31. Sennappan, M., Krishna, P. M., Hosamani, A. A., & Krishna, R. H. (2018). Synthesis, characterization, nucleic acid interactions and photoluminescent properties of methaniminium hydrazone Schiff base and its Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes. J. Mol. Stru., 1164, 271-279.
32. Reddy, N. G., Krishna, P. M., Kumar, S. S., Patil, Y. P., & Nethaji, M. (2017). Structure and spectroscopic investigations of a bi-dentate N′-[(4-ethylphenyl) methylidene]-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide and its Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes: Insights relevant to biological properties. J. Mol. Stru., 1137, 543-552.
33. Krishna, P. M., & Reddy, K. H. (2016). Synthesis, structural characterization and DNA studies of nickel (II) complexes of (2E)-4N-substituted-2-[4-(propan-2-yl) Benzyli dene] Hydrazinecarbothioamide Schiff's bases. J. Chem. Pharmaceut. Res., 8(10), 61-68.
34. Gopal Reddy, N.P., Murali Krishna, P. Kottam, N. (2015). Novel metaleorganic photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization and decomposition of organic dyes, Spectrochim. Acta A, 137:371-377.
35. Murali Krishna, P., Anil Kumar, G.N., Hussain Reddy, K., & Kokila, M.K. (2012) (2E)-N- methyl-2-(3-phenylpropylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide. Acta Crystallogr, E68:o2842.
36. Krishna, P. M., & Reddy, K. H. (2009). Synthesis, single crystal structure and DNA cleavage studies on first 4N-ethyl substituted three coordinate copper (I) complex of thiosemicarbazone. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 362(11), 4185-4190.
37. Krishna, P. M., Reddy, K. H., Pandey, J. P., & Siddavattam, D. (2008). Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and nuclease activity of binuclear copper (II) complexes of cuminaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. Transition Met. Chem., 33(5), 661-668.
38. Skrzypek, A., Matysiak, J., Niewiadomy, A., Bajda, M., & Szymański, P. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole analogues as novel AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 311-319.
39. Rehman, S. U., Sarwar, T., Husain, M. A., Ishqi, H. M., & Tabish, M. (2015). Studying non-covalent drug–DNA interactions. Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 576, 49-60.
40. Ozluer, C., & Kara, H. E. S. (2014). In vitro DNA binding studies of anticancer drug idarubicin using spectroscopic techniques. J. Photochem. Photobiol.: B: Biology, 138, 36-42.
41. Hajian, R., Ekhlasi, E., & Daneshvar, R. (2012). Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on the interaction of epirubicin with fish sperm DNA. J. Chem., 9(3), 1587-1598.
42. Zhou, J. H., Xia, S. Q., Chen, J. R., Wang, X. S., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, H. J., ... & Zhang, J. P. (2004). Surface binding and improved photodamage of the lanthanum ion complex of hypocrellin A to calf thymus DNA. J. Photochem. Photobiol.: A, 165(1-3), 143-147.
43. Zhang, Q. Q., Zhang, F., Wang, W. G., & Wang, X. L. (2006). Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies of a binuclear copper (II) complex with phenanthroline. J. Inorg. Biochem., 100(8), 1344-1352.
44. Song, Y. F., & Yang, P. (2001). Mononuclear tetrapyrido [3, 2-a: 2′, 3′-c: 3′′, 2′′-h: 2′′′, 3′′′-j] phenazine (tpphz) cobalt complex. Polyhedron, 20(6), 501-506.
45. Han, M. J., Duan, Z. M., Hao, Q., Zheng, S. Z., & Wang, K. Z. (2007). Molecular light switches for calf thymus DNA based on three Ru (II) bipyridyl complexes with variations of heteroatoms. J. Phy. Chem. C, 111(44), 16577-16585.
46. Nayab, P. S., Pulaganti, M., Chitta, S. K., Abid, M., & Uddin, R. (2015). Evaluation of DNA binding, radicals scavenging and antimicrobial studies of newly synthesized N-substituted naphthalimides: spectroscopic and molecular docking investigations. J. Fluoresc., 25(6), 1905-1920.
47. Lakowicz, J.R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin, 278–282.
48. Ling, X., Zhong, W., Huang, Q., & Ni, K. (2008). Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of pazufloxacin with calf thymus DNA. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biology, 93(3), 172-176.
49. Sarwar, T., Husain, M. A., Rehman, S. U., Ishqi, H. M., & Tabish, M. (2015). Multi-spectroscopic and molecular modelling studies on the interaction of esculetin with calf thymus DNA. Molecular BioSystems, 11(2), 522-531.
50. Panchangam, M. K. (2017). Synthesis, structural characterization and DNA studies of trivalent cobalt complexes of (2E)-4N-substituted-2-[4-(propan-2-yl) benzylidene] hydrazinecarbothioamide. Mediterranean J. Chem., 6(3), 88-97.
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2. KR, S. G., Mathew, B. B., Sudhamani, C. N., & Naik, H. B. (2014). Mechanism of DNA binding and cleavage. Biomed., 2(1), 1-9.
3. Sastry, K. V., Routhu, S. R., Datta, S. G., Nagesh, N., Babu, B. N., Nanubolu, J. B., ... & Kamal, A. (2016). Synthesis, DNA binding affinity and anticancer activity of novel 4 H-benzo [g][1, 2, 3] triazolo [5, 1-c][1, 4] oxazocines. Org. & Biomol. Chem., 14(39), 9294-9305.
4. Lamani, D. S., Venugopala Reddy, K. R., Bhojya Naik, H. S., Savyasachi, A., & Naik, H. R. (2008). Synthesis and DNA binding studies of novel heterocyclic substituted quinoline schiff bases: a potent antimicrobial agent. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids., 27(10-11), 1197-1210.
5. Martinez, A., Alonso, D., Castro, A., Arán, V. J., Cardelús, I., Baños, J. E., & Badia, A. (1999). Synthesis and Potential Muscarinic Receptor Binding and Antioxidant Properties of 3‐(Thiadiazolyl) pyridine 1‐Oxide Compounds. Archiv der Pharmazie: Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem, 332(6), 191-194.
6. Dai, H., Li, G., Chen, J., Shi, Y., Ge, S., Fan, C., & He, H. (2016). Synthesis and biological activities of novel 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives. Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett., 26(15), 3818-3821.
7. Demirbas, A., Sahin, D., Demirbas, N., & Karaoglu, S. A. (2009). Synthesis of some new 1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-ylmethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives and investigation of their antimicrobial activities. Eur. J Med. Chem., 44(7), 2896-2903.
8. Hu, Y., Li, C. Y., Wang, X. M., Yang, Y. H., & Zhu, H. L. (2014). 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem. Rev., 114(10), 5572-5610.
9. Luo, Y. P., & Yang, G. F. (2007). Discovery of a new insecticide lead by optimizing a target-diverse scaffold: tetrazolinone derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15(4), 1716-1724.
10. Chen, H., Li, Z., & Han, Y. (2000). Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity against Rhizoctonia s olani of 2-Alkyl (Alkylthio)-5-pyrazolyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (Thiadiazoles). J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(11), 5312-5315.
11. Zheng, Q., Mi, N., Fan, Z., Zuo, X., Zhang, H., Wang, H., & Yang, Z. (2010). 5-Methyl-1, 2, 3-thiadiazoles synthesized via Ugi reaction and their fungicidal and antiviral activities. J. Agri. Food Chem., 58(13), 7846-7855.
12. Li, Z. S., Wang, W. M., Lu, W., Niu, C. W., Li, Y. H., Li, Z. M., & Wang, J. G. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of nonsymmetrical aromatic disulfides as novel inhibitors of acetohydroxyacid synthase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23(13), 3723-3727.
13. Tripathy, R., Ghose, A., Singh, J., Bacon, E. R., Angeles, T. S., Yang, S. X., ... & Mallamo, J. P. (2007). 1, 2, 3-Thiadiazole substituted pyrazolones as potent KDR/VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17(6), 1793-1798.
14. Polkam, N., Rayam, P., Anireddy, J. S., Yennam, S., Anantaraju, H. S., Dharmarajan, S., ... & Balasubramanian, S. (2015). Synthesis, in vitro anticancer and antimycobacterial evaluation of new 5-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-amino derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25(7), 1398-1402.
15. Yadagiri, B., Gurrala, S., Bantu, R., Nagarapu, L., Polepalli, S., Srujana, G., & Jain, N. (2015). Synthesis and evaluation of benzosuberone embedded with 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4-triazole moieties as new potential anti proliferative agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25(10), 2220-2224.
16. Jakovljević, K., Matić, I. Z., Stanojković, T., Krivokuća, A., Marković, V., Joksović, M. D., ... & Joksović, L. (2017). Synthesis, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles derived from phenolic acids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 27(16), 3709-3715.
17. Gan, X., Hu, D., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., & Song, B. (2017). Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole-chalcone conjugates. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 27(18), 4298-4301.
18. Skrzypek, A., Matysiak, J., Niewiadomy, A., Bajda, M., & Szymański, P. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole analogues as novel AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 311-319.
19. McGleenon, B. M., Dynan, K. B., & Passmore, A. P. (1999). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease. Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 48(4), 471.
20. Wang, J., Zhang, H. Y., & Tang, X. C. (2009). Cholinergic deficiency involved in vascular dementia: possible mechanism and strategy of treatment. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 30(7), 879.
21. Reddy, K. R., Mamatha, R., Babu, M. S., Shiva Kumar, K., Jayaveera, K. N., & Narayanaswamy, G. (2014). Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some triazole, thiadiazole, and oxadiazole substituted coumarins. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 51(1), 132-137.
22. Wang, G., Jin, L., Ye, J., & Li, X. (2010). Electrical and electrochemical properties of poly (2, 5-dimercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole)-polyaniline adduct intercalated graphite oxide composites. Mater. Chem. Phy., 122(1), 224-229.
23. Selvarasu, C., & Kannan, P. (2015). Bent Shaped 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole/Thiadiazole heterocyclic rings containing liquid crystals. J. Chem. Sci., 127(10), 1831-1838.
24. Kuo, H. M., Li, S. Y., Sheu, H. S., & Lai, C. K. (2012). Symmetrical mesogenic 2, 5-bis (6-naphthalen-2-yl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles. Tetrahedron, 68(36), 7331-7337.
25. Prajapati, A. K., & Modi, V. (2010). Bent-shaped mesogenic oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives from rod-shaped mesogenic hydrazide containing polar chloro group. Liq. Cryst., 37(4), 407-415.
26. Tomi, I. H. R., Al-Heetimi, D. T., & Jaffer, H. J. (2017). Asymmetric 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives: synthesis, characterization and studying their liquid crystalline properties. J. Mol. Stru., 1141, 176-185.
27. Solmaz, R., Kardaş, G., Yazıcı, B., & Erbil, M. (2008). Adsorption and corrosion inhibitive properties of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole on mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Colloids and Surf., 312(1), 7-17.
28. Maradiya, H. R. (2002). Monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives. J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 67(11), 709-718.
29. Gowramma, B., Kulkarni, A., Gomathy, S., & Kandula, R. (2012). Synthesis And Anticonvul sant Screening Of Some Novel 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives. J. Pharma. Res., 5(1), 58-60.
30. Gupta, A., Singh, P., Kamble, B., Kulkarni, A., & Joghee Nanjan Chandrasekar, M. (2012). Synthesis, Docking and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 5-bromo-2-(5-aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) isoindoline-1, 3-dione Derivatives Targeting ATP-binding Site of Topoisomerase II. Lett. Drug Design & Discovery, 9(7), 668-675.
31. Sennappan, M., Krishna, P. M., Hosamani, A. A., & Krishna, R. H. (2018). Synthesis, characterization, nucleic acid interactions and photoluminescent properties of methaniminium hydrazone Schiff base and its Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) complexes. J. Mol. Stru., 1164, 271-279.
32. Reddy, N. G., Krishna, P. M., Kumar, S. S., Patil, Y. P., & Nethaji, M. (2017). Structure and spectroscopic investigations of a bi-dentate N′-[(4-ethylphenyl) methylidene]-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide and its Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) complexes: Insights relevant to biological properties. J. Mol. Stru., 1137, 543-552.
33. Krishna, P. M., & Reddy, K. H. (2016). Synthesis, structural characterization and DNA studies of nickel (II) complexes of (2E)-4N-substituted-2-[4-(propan-2-yl) Benzyli dene] Hydrazinecarbothioamide Schiff's bases. J. Chem. Pharmaceut. Res., 8(10), 61-68.
34. Gopal Reddy, N.P., Murali Krishna, P. Kottam, N. (2015). Novel metaleorganic photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization and decomposition of organic dyes, Spectrochim. Acta A, 137:371-377.
35. Murali Krishna, P., Anil Kumar, G.N., Hussain Reddy, K., & Kokila, M.K. (2012) (2E)-N- methyl-2-(3-phenylpropylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide. Acta Crystallogr, E68:o2842.
36. Krishna, P. M., & Reddy, K. H. (2009). Synthesis, single crystal structure and DNA cleavage studies on first 4N-ethyl substituted three coordinate copper (I) complex of thiosemicarbazone. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 362(11), 4185-4190.
37. Krishna, P. M., Reddy, K. H., Pandey, J. P., & Siddavattam, D. (2008). Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and nuclease activity of binuclear copper (II) complexes of cuminaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. Transition Met. Chem., 33(5), 661-668.
38. Skrzypek, A., Matysiak, J., Niewiadomy, A., Bajda, M., & Szymański, P. (2013). Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole analogues as novel AChE and BuChE inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 311-319.
39. Rehman, S. U., Sarwar, T., Husain, M. A., Ishqi, H. M., & Tabish, M. (2015). Studying non-covalent drug–DNA interactions. Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 576, 49-60.
40. Ozluer, C., & Kara, H. E. S. (2014). In vitro DNA binding studies of anticancer drug idarubicin using spectroscopic techniques. J. Photochem. Photobiol.: B: Biology, 138, 36-42.
41. Hajian, R., Ekhlasi, E., & Daneshvar, R. (2012). Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on the interaction of epirubicin with fish sperm DNA. J. Chem., 9(3), 1587-1598.
42. Zhou, J. H., Xia, S. Q., Chen, J. R., Wang, X. S., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, H. J., ... & Zhang, J. P. (2004). Surface binding and improved photodamage of the lanthanum ion complex of hypocrellin A to calf thymus DNA. J. Photochem. Photobiol.: A, 165(1-3), 143-147.
43. Zhang, Q. Q., Zhang, F., Wang, W. G., & Wang, X. L. (2006). Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies of a binuclear copper (II) complex with phenanthroline. J. Inorg. Biochem., 100(8), 1344-1352.
44. Song, Y. F., & Yang, P. (2001). Mononuclear tetrapyrido [3, 2-a: 2′, 3′-c: 3′′, 2′′-h: 2′′′, 3′′′-j] phenazine (tpphz) cobalt complex. Polyhedron, 20(6), 501-506.
45. Han, M. J., Duan, Z. M., Hao, Q., Zheng, S. Z., & Wang, K. Z. (2007). Molecular light switches for calf thymus DNA based on three Ru (II) bipyridyl complexes with variations of heteroatoms. J. Phy. Chem. C, 111(44), 16577-16585.
46. Nayab, P. S., Pulaganti, M., Chitta, S. K., Abid, M., & Uddin, R. (2015). Evaluation of DNA binding, radicals scavenging and antimicrobial studies of newly synthesized N-substituted naphthalimides: spectroscopic and molecular docking investigations. J. Fluoresc., 25(6), 1905-1920.
47. Lakowicz, J.R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin, 278–282.
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