Timely and cost-effective supply of spare parts is the main purpose of spare parts inventory management and substitution is an effective way to fulfill demand on time. However, direct substitution of spare parts is not suitable for the high-tech industries due to the ever-changing nature of the product structures. Hence, parts should be transformed to be used as substitutes. This paper provides a novel spare parts inventory control model for the high-tech industries. In the proposed model, part transformation-based substitution is considered and the near-optimal values of spare part inventory levels (s, S) that minimize total cost are determined by using a simulated annealing-based simulation optimization approach. Computational analyses are performed for a hypothetical inventory system by considering transformation and no-transformation cases. The results reveal that transformation is very useful for the companies who endure long production lead times and high penalty costs associated with backorders.

The company always tries to improve competitiveness by improving company performance. Using upgraded digital technology makes it easier for internal and external companies to determine business strategies quickly and precisely. This study surveyed expedition companies in East Java, as many as 104 companies with the criteria of having a transportation fleet. Data collection using questionnaires and dissemination in collaboration with the Association of Express Delivery Service Companies, Post and Logistics Indonesia (ASPERINDO). Research respondents consist of employees or unit leaders who are competent in the substance of the survey. Data analysis uses the partial least square (PLS) method. The results showed that digital technology positively and significantly impacts supply chain collaboration, inventory management, and supply chain resilience. The company's ability to build supply chain collaboration impacts improving inventory management optimization, supply chain resilience, and supply chain performance. Furthermore, inventory management with the ability to control inventory well and on-time delivery does not impact supply chain resilience. However, good inventory management has a positive impact on supply chain performance. Likewise, shipping companies, by increasing supply chain resilience, have an impact on supply chain performance. The results of this study contribute to the theory of supply chain management and resource-based view. The practical contribution enlightens the middle and top management on the importance of digital technology with the suitability of investment and benefits obtained in improving supply chain performance.

The organizational performance at public hospitals differs from the corporate sector and faces maladministration. Further, performance at public hospitals is crucial as it directly affects human lives and endeavors for accessibility to medicines and equipment. This research is designed to determine the mediating role of inventory control practices in proficiency and organizational performance at public hospitals. This paper uses a quantitative research with a survey method using multistage cluster sampling which was performed on a sample size of 200. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the model for Structural Equation Modeling. The findings of this research indicate a significant positive effect and full mediation of inventory control practices between the study variables. Further, the significance indicated that competent and well-trained staff manages inventory efficiently for improved organizational performance through better service quality and reduced cost. An integrated second-order model of this research will benefit the public hospitals, healthcare industry at large, organizations managing mega structured inventory, and to the body of knowledge.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to evaluate the impact of purchase, storage and inventory management on the production costs of materials supply management in the Peruvian paper industry. A linear regression model was used under the ordinary least squares method to determine the causal relationship between the provisioning of materials and production costs. It was concluded that the evaluation of the effect between the study variables was inversely proportional, that is, as the management of purchase, storage, and inventory in companies improve, the production costs may also be reduced.

The primary objective of the research paper is to provide some insights on the concepts of intellec-tual capital and its important dimensions alongside to investigate the possible association between intellectual capital and attainment of competitive advantage. This study focuses on Iraqi hotel industry which is an under-research area in the context of intellectual capital and its relationship with competitive advantage. An adapted questionnaire was utilized to collect the responses from top and middle level managers of four and five-star hotels in Iraq. The reliability and validity of data collec-tion instrument were measured through Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability and Average Var-iance Extracted respectively. The competitive advantage was then regressed against Human, Rela-tional and Structural capital by application of Partial Least Square methodology. Results of the study showed a positive and strong connotation among intellectual capital and attainment of competitive advantage. The human capital had the highest contribution for competitive advantage in hotel sector of Iraq. The top management of hotels should take interest to develop, maintain and retain human capital to attain competitive advantage over competitors.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the degree of influence exercised by the Key Account Manager in the provisioning management in the main companies called Staple in Peru, during the events of COVID-19. The research was of type quantitative, cross-sectional and temporal, with a non-experimental design, using a multiple linear regression model and correlation analysis to determine the impact that exists between the variables. The data belongs to the Industrias San Miguel company, distributed in a weekly period from June 2019 to March 2021, which gives 88 observations. The results allow us to conclude that the Key Account Manager is an important manager of the supply of goods during the crisis caused by COVID-19 in staple companies.

The study objects for determining whether or not a relationship exists between inventory management of the listed pharmaceutical firms at Amman Stock Exchange, and the profitability of these firms, and whether or not inventory management affects firm profitability. Only three pharmaceutical firms were found listed at Amman Stock Exchange by the end of 2020, and therefore, the annual data of the three firms along the period 2009-2019 were collected and used in the analysis and hypothesis testing. Inventory turnover and average inventory holding period were used as indicators for inventory management at a reciprocal form, whereas, return on assets was used as a measure of firm profitability. Using the Pearson correlation method, the analysis and hypothesis testing demonstrated that a significant positive relationship exists between inventory turnover and return on assets, and a negative significant relationship exists between average inventory holding period and return on assets. Moreover, using the ordinary least square method, the study shows that inventory management has a positive significant effect on firm profitability. More studies regarding inventory management and firm profitability relationships, are recommended to be performed on other manufacturing industries than pharmaceutical firms.

This study focuses on the factors of financial supply chain (FSC), financial institutions, and inventory for supply chain efficiency through various cost dimensions. To address this objective, a questionnaire is developed, based on various items of selected variables and it is presented to a targeted sample of supply chain practitioners, business managers and industry experts. A final sample of 216 respondents is observed for both descriptive and inferential analysis. To check the significance of each indicator under FSC, financial institutions and inventory factors, confirmatory factor analysis is conducted. Empirical facts explain that factors like financial supply chain as risk prevention strategy had a significant influence on supply chain efficiency. Through inventory factors, communication with vendors for raw material also indicate a significant impact on efficiency of Supply Chain (SC). This study would help both industry experts and business managers integrate financial supply chain, inventory factors and financial institutions for cost efficiency of supply chain. The limitations of the study includes a limited sample size and restricted indicators of inventory management. Future studies can be implemented while addressing these limitations through improved econometric methods.

In this paper, a mathematical model for multi-product inventory management in a three-tier supply chain consisting of multi-supplier, a manufacturer, and several retailers is presented. The model determines different factors such as the optimum ordering of the raw materials and the optimal level of the production items with the optimal order of the products by retailers at each level of the chain, with the objective of minimizing inventory management costs in the supply chain. An algorithm is presented to determine the solution of the problem and the implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated using some numerical example.

The primary goal of this research is to examine the influence of the Internet of Things on Pharmaceutical Inventory Management in Jordan. The employees of the pharmaceutical companies in Jordan represent the population of the study. Accordingly, the study instrument was distributed to an appropriate sample of 620 employees of pharmaceutical companies in Jordan; the questionnaires used in the analysis were 432. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the study hypotheses. The study results indicated that all dimensions of the Internet of Things had an influence on inventory management. The greatest influence was for cloud computing. Based to the study findings, pharmaceutical companies in Jordan should provide high-quality Internet coverage in their offices and stores, as well as to invest in Internet of things technologies that allow the company to remotely monitor and control the physical components of the stores, attract employees with knowledge of modern Internet technologies, and provide the necessary training and development for their employees.