One of the important tasks is to improve work ability, work motivation, performance and work productivity in business. The research objective is to examine the contribution and influence of work ability, work motivation, performance, and their impacts on work productivity. The research was conducted among all 105 cooperatives in the city of Pasuruan, East Java. The research method used survey methods and data analysis techniques using path analysis. The results showed that work ability and work motivation had significant effects on the performance (β=0.226, Sig. = 0.000). Work ability, work motivation, and performance had significant effects on work productivi-ty (β=0.481, α = 0.000). The ability to work had a significant direct effect on the performance (β=0.393, Sig. = 0.000). Work ability had a significant direct effect on productivity (β=0.578, Sig. = 0.043). Performance had a significant direct effect on work productivity (β=0.542, α = 0.000). Furthermore, work ability had a significant effect on work productivity through performance (t-value=2.083>1.983). Finally, work motivation had a significant indirect effect on productivity through performance (t-value=2.921>1.983).

This study examines the impact of unsystematic financial risk, including liquidity risk, credit risk, and operational risk, on financial stability in conventional banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan. Understanding and managing these risks is crucial for protecting investors, maintaining financial stability, encouraging foreign investment, and strengthening the financial sector in Jordan. The study adopts a descriptive approach to collect and describe data and utilizes cross-sectional panel data over five years from 2016 to 2021 to establish cause-and-effect relationships between study variables, while controlling for other relevant factors that may influence the relationship. The findings suggest that while liquidity risk may not directly impact financial stability, it remains a critical risk factor that requires attention in risk management strategies. Credit risk has a negative impact on financial stability, highlighting the importance of effective credit risk management strategies to maintain a stable financial system. The study finds that operational risk has no direct impact on financial stability. Still, unsystematic operational risks can have significant implications for individual financial institutions and may indirectly affect overall stability. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive risk management strategies to mitigate the negative impact of unsystematic financial risk on financial stability. Future research may consider analyzing the impact of other types of risks on financial stability.

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of employee optimism on the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative capability in the context of batik small and medium en-terprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. This study applied the convenience sampling method to survey 186 employees at batik SMEs in Central Java Indonesia through a self-administrated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using smart PLS v.3 to test the hypotheses. The result show that optimism partially mediated the idealized influence of transformational leader behavior on innovative capability. In ad-dition, optimism fully mediated the individualized consideration of transformational leader behavior on innovative capability. This present study provides both empirical and theoretical contribution fo-cusing on leader behavior, employee optimism and innovative capability.

The present investigation analyzes how the dynamism of the environment affect the relationship be-tween the capacity of adaptation and the pioneering behavior in the companies of the tourism sector in Peru. The empirical study was carried out in 238 tourist companies located in the cities of Lima, Arequipa and Cuzco considered as a cultural heritage of Perú. Regarding to the results achieved in the study, the proposed model allows detecting a direct, significant effect between the ability to adapt and pioneering behavior, whose relationship is accentuated through market dynamism and technological dynamism, and is weakened by competitive intensity. This work contributes to the ex-isting theory and demonstrates through practical application the linkage of the dimensions of the dy-namism of the environment as drivers of adaptive capacity in companies in the cultural tourism sec-tor that are necessary to obtain advantages for a behavior Pioneer in an existing competitive market.

The purpose of this research is to provide practical and theoretical insights about how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) adapt and further develop entrepreneurial activities, product innovation and SME business performance This study used a quantitative method using a questionnaire for data collection. The research data developed by distributed online questionnaires by social media. The number of samples used was 230 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used for data processing by SmartPLS 4.0. Based on the results of data analysis it is concluded that entrepreneurial competence has a significant effect on business performance and entrepreneurial competence has a significant effect on product innovation. Product innovation has also a significant effect on the performance of SME businesses.

The current study tries to identify the impact of COVID-19 on human resource management practices, business processes, and organizational sustainability. Furthermore, it identified the impact of sustainable HRM practices on hypermarkets' sustainability. The outbreaks of COVID-19 have considerably impacted organizations and businesses all over the world. Most companies were not ready to face such force majeure. Moreover, like everywhere else in the world COVID-19 has significantly affected HRM functions and organizational sustainability in the organizations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The research is based on a survey of 363 HR practitioners working in hypermarkets in the GCC countries to examine the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on organizational sustainability. The findings reveal the negative impact of COVID-19 on human resource management practices, business processes, and organizational sustainability. Furthermore, they identify the positive impact of sustainable HRM practices and effective business processes on hypermarkets' sustainability. Finally, the results show that effective business processes and sustainable HRM practices annihilate the negative effect of COVID-19 on organizational sustainability in hypermarkets operating in the GCC countries. This study is unique since it is conducted during the pandemic period and analyses the negative impact of Covid-19 on organizations in the GCC countries. Moreover, it suggests solutions to minimize the negative effect of COVID-19 on organizational sustainability.

The study discusses the influence of greenwash on green purchase intention and explores the me-diation roles of green confusion, green perceived risk and green trust. The research object of this study focuses in Jordanian food and beverage corporations. This research utilizes structural equa-tion modeling to undertake an empirical study. The results indicate that greenwash positively effects green confusion and green perceived risk. Besides, this study demonstrates that green confusion and green perceived risk mediate the negative relationship between greenwash and green purchase intention. It means that greenwash does not only have a directly negative effect on green purchase intention, but also have an indirectly negative effect on it via green confusion and green perceived risk. Finally, green trust does not influence green purchase intention and does not mediate the greenwash and green purchase intention relationship. Thus, this study suggests that companies should decrease their greenwash behaviors and should not only claim their "greenness" but also show the proof of their green products. These policies would reduce customer confusion and risk. It will raise the likelihood of green practices and claims by businesses, and contribute to improved green food and beverage purchasing intention.

This study's objective is to analyze the factors that influence whether or not small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use business intelligence. Based on an exhaustive assessment of the literature, the study offers a model dependent on the diffusion of innovation and augmented with factors expressing the idea of project management maturity (PMM). The research applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine data obtained from 112 Jordanian company workers. The findings showed that the adoption of business intelligence has a positive and significant relationship to the complexity, compatibility, and relative advantage of business intelligence; the level of project management maturity has a significant effect on the level of relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity; and the level of project management maturity is significantly associated with the change management and knowledge sharing practices in SMEs. However, we contend that further study has to be carried out, particularly in the context of developing nations, in order to get a comprehensive understanding of how different SMEs may effectively deploy and make use of business intelligence.

Little research has been devoted to focus on women’s leadership styles in particular especially in Kuwait. The aim of this study is therefore twofold: (i) to identify the different leadership styles of women in the public sector in Kuwait, and (ii) to examine if the identified leadership styles of wom-en vary in terms of the demographic characteristics of their subordinates. A quantitative study (questionnaire with 263 employees) is conducted in order to achieve the study objectives. The re-sults of the study show that women in public sector in Kuwait frequently displayed various leader-ship styles as perceived by their followers such as inspirational motivation, idealized influence (at-tribute) styles. Some other styles were displayed fairly often such as management by exception (ac-tive), idealized influence (behavior). Moreover, the dominated leadership styles that displayed fre-quently by women was the transformational style. The study found that the transformational leader-ship style of women varied in terms of the educational level and job title of their followers. Several recommendations were suggested based on these findings that may improve the effectiveness of women leadership in the public sector.

In the workplace of the twenty-first century, there has been a rise in interest in organizational learning. The purpose of this research is to add to the body of knowledge regarding organizational learning, by analyzing how TQM affects organizational learning. Also in this study, we intend to indicate the influence of strategic thinking as moderator on the relationship between TQM and organizational learning. Data were gathered from respondents (N = 306) who were employed in industrial sectors and registered with the Amman stock exchange in Jordan. Furthermore, the study results support the assumption that TQM affects organizational learning. Moreover, the findings confirmed that strategic thinking plays a moderating role in the relationship between organizational learning and TQM, supporting the moderation hypothesis as well. After presenting theoretical and practical implications of the research, limitations and future direction are discussed.