Community detection has gained much attention during the past few decades. So many algorithms have been developed to tackle this problem. In previous related works the weight of the edges and directionality were not considered at the same time in the models. Considering weights and directionality makes the models more realistic and prevents the loss of information in the network. In this article, we propose an overlapping community detection algorithm for networks with weighted and directed edges. We used the concept of information flows among the vertices i.e. the more flows exist in a community, the stronger the community. We implemented the concept of flow using weighted closed flows starting from a given node and ending to the same node. By using the mentioned assumption we developed a new modularity measure called weighted flow modularity (WFM) based on M function modularity. In addition, we developed an overlapping score criteria which considers overlap in vertices and edges at the same time and is much faster in the terms of run time. We compared the community detection results in terms of accuracy and running time with Order statistics local optimization method (OSLOM) on 74 LFR benchmark networks using normalized mutual information score. We also implemented the community detection process using LCFE on real world datasets and evaluated the community detection results using EQ measure. The experimental analysis results show that the LCFE is more accurate in most cases and is competitive in other cases with OSLOM.

In this study, the selective oximation of structurally diverse aromatic aldehydes (versus ketones) to the corresponding aldoxime derivatives was investigated using the combination system of NH₂OH.HCl and bisthiourea complexes of cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc chlorides, M^II(tu)₂Cl₂, in a mixture of CH₃CN‒H₂O (1:1 mL). All reactions were carried out successfully at room temperature within the immediate time up to 130 min giving the products in high yields. Investigation of the results exhibited that the applied bis-thiourea metal complexes show the catalytic activity in order of Co(tu)₂Cl₂₂Cl₂₂Cl₂₂Cl₂ in their oximation reactions.

Economists have exploited the social accounting matrix in linear economic models to analyze the effect of some variables such as government spending, investment, and export on other economic indicators including total output, employment, household income, and economic growth. In this paper, the influence of investment injection on some economic indicators is analyzed. In addition, to gather different indicators in a general view, these economic indicators are applied as inputs and outputs in a data envelopment analysis model. Overall, to get to the best possible economic conditions, a fair revenue allocation method is used based on a data envelopment analysis model to determine each economic sector’s quota of investment. Next, a kind of fair-biased allocation method improving the economic conditions in comparison to the prior model is proposed. Finally, the whole process for Iran’s social accounting matrix and subsequent results are presented.

Patient punctuality significantly impacts resource utilization and patient waiting times, among other quality indicators, within psychiatry clinics. In pursuit of service improvement, this study endeavors to develop effective appointment scheduling systems that optimally distribute patients' needs during clinical sessions, thereby enhancing resource utilization and patient satisfaction. In developing these scheduling rules, three patient-related uncertainties are considered: preference, availability, and punctuality. Various scheduling rules are evaluated based on their average total cost under different scenarios. The HSBGDM rules have emerged as a balanced approach for clinic operations, effectively managing physician time but occasionally leading to overtime variations. Increased patient delays often exacerbate physician idle times, particularly under IBVST and VBVST rules. Hybrid rules, such as the HSBGDM series, adapt well, improving patient wait times and managing unscheduled patients. However, scheduling systems like REPDM may prolong waits, potentially impacting patient satisfaction. Systems prioritizing new appointments can increase physician idle times due to unpredictability. While accommodating unscheduled patients enhances service quality, it may also cause disruptions. This study provides valuable insights into scheduling dynamics, assisting administrators in balancing efficiency, cost, and patient satisfaction.

One of the most important solutions for dimensionality reduction in data preprocessing, and improving classification performance is gene selection in microarray data since they usually have several thousand genes with very few samples. Because of these characteristics, the complexity of classification models increases and their efficiency decreases. The gene selection problem inherently pursues two goals: reducing the number of genes and increasing the classification efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents a novel hybrid filter-wrapper solution based on the Fisher-score method and Multi-Objective Forest Optimization Algorithm (MOFOA). In the proposed method, as a preprocessing step, the Fisher-score method selects 500 discriminative genes by removing redundant/irrelevant genes. Then, MOFOA searches to find the subset of optimal genes using concepts such as repository, crowding-distance, and binary tournament selection. Moreover, the proposed method solves the gene selection problem and, at the same time, optimizes the kernel parameters in the SVM classification model. Six microarray datasets were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Afterward, a comparison was made between its results and those of the four multi-objective hybrid methods presented in the literature in terms of classification performance, the number of selected genes, running time, and hypervolume criteria. According to the results, in addition to selecting fewer genes, the proposed solution has achieved greater classification accuracy in most cases and has been able to obtain a performance similar to or better than that of other multi-objective gene selection approaches.

Hub networks play a crucial role in optimizing transportation costs in air and road systems. Their main objective is to strategically locate hubs and allocate non-hub nodes within the network. The modular hub location problem is a specific area of hub network design that focuses on accurately calculating transportation costs, considering factors like trip numbers and capacity constraints in network routes. This study proposes a mixed-integer programming model to address the modular hub location problem with multiple allocations. It considers dependent and independent costs associated with vehicles per trip between hub network routes, considering specific vehicle capacities. Two datasets are utilized for validation: the CAB dataset representing 25 nodes of US airports and the TR dataset representing the Turkish transportation system with 81 nodes. To tackle the NP-hard nature of hub location models and the computational complexity of the proposed model, two solutions are developed. Firstly, a novel LP relaxation-based method using GAMS software provides near-optimal solutions for medium-sized instances. Additionally, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) implemented in MATLAB handles larger instances. The GA's efficiency is enhanced by tuning its parameters using the Taguchi method. Results analysis shows that both proposed algorithms yield high-quality solutions within significantly reduced timeframes compared to the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The LP relaxation-based method performs well for medium-sized instances, while the GA approach is efficient for larger instances after parameter tuning with the Taguchi method.

In recent years, many studies on the multi-agent scheduling problems in which agents compete for using the shared resources, have been performed. However, relatively few studies have been undertaken in the field of the multi-agent scheduling in a flowshop environment. To bridge the gap, this paper aims at addressing the two-agent scheduling problem in a two-machine flowshop. Because of the importance of delay penalties and efficient resource utilization in many manufacturing environments, the objective is to find an optimal schedule which has the minimum total tardiness for the first agent’s jobs, under the makespan limitation for the second agent. Since this problem is strongly NP-hard, several theorems and properties of the problem are proposed to apply in exact and meta-heuristic methods. Also, for some instances of the problem for which exact methods cannot achieve optimal solutions in a reasonable amount of time, a tabu search algorithm is developed to achieve near-optimal solutions. Computational results of the tabu search algorithm show that the average absolute error value is lower than 0.18 percent for instances with 20 to 60 jobs in size.

Nowadays, special attention has been paid to the environmental and social issues in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, research on the sustainable supply chain is greatly expanded dramatically over the years. In some industries like food industry, these issues are more significantly emphasized because of the particular characteristics the food products. In this paper, we considered a multi-objective model for designing the sustainable supply chain in the processed food industry with fixed shelf-life products. Model objectives include economic with profit maximization as an economic index, environmental with the index of carbon dioxide emissions and wastewater treatment in manufacturing sector and social objectives with maximizing the amount of jobs created as a social index. For the proposed model, in addition to determining the optimal location of the facility and the flow rate between facility, the type of delivery of products is determined either directly from plant or indirectly from distribution centers with mechanized transportation system. Finally, the model is implemented in a processed food industry as a case study in Iran and is solved via the augmented ε-constraint method.

A single machine batch processing problem with release dates to minimize the total completion time (1|rj,batch|Σ Cj ) is investigated in this research. An original mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to optimally solve the problem. Since the research problem at hand is shown to be NP-hard, several different meta-heuristic algorithms based on tabu search (TS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to solve the problem. To find the most performing heuristic optimization technique, a set of test cases ranging in size (small, medium, and large) are randomly generated and solved by the proposed meta-heuristic algorithms. An extended comparison analysis is carried out and the outperformance of a hybrid meta-heuristic technique properly combining PSO and genetic algorithm (PSO-GA) is statistically demonstrated.

Nowadays, there is a growing attention on export activities and they are considered as a good strategy for companies to grow from supportive domestic sales to foreign developing markets, while offering greater flexibility, cost, and lowering different risks compared to other external development methods. With the internationalization of the global economy, the focus has been on improving export performance, which reflects the company's success in the economic field. An important point about Iran's exports, which should not be overlooked, is the decline on the reliance of the national economy on revenues from oil exports and the achievement of economic independence. Therefore, support for the export industries, especially non-oil exports, is one of Iranian priorities for increasing economic growth and creating foreign exchange earnings. In the meantime, the economic performance of pharmaceutical companies is very important because the growth and development of this sector and the export of these products bring significant foreign exchange earnings. This paper focuses on the data gathered from the managers and exporters of the pharmaceutical companies and using some statistical tests to determine the effective components on export promotion. The study considers 18 factors and extracts five important factors including profitability and economic growth, developmental quality, encouragement and financial performance. The study also uses analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and DEMATEL techniques to rank these factors and their sub-components. Quality is considered as the most important factor according to the implementation of AHP and profitability and economic growth are determined to be the most influencing factors according to DEMATEL.