This paper performs an empirical study to study the effects of social capital on social contribution for a group of people of 18-year-orl who lived in a city of Meymand/Iran. The survey selects 300 people out of 5026 people based on a two-stage cluster sampling and distributed questionnaire among them. The results are analyzed based on descriptive and inductive terms, which indicate a positive and meaningful relation between social capital and social solidarity. However, there is a negative and meaningful relationship between social opposition and conflict with organizations while there are some opposite relationships among networks of social relationships instead of level of internal group relationships.

In current paper, an organized and quantitative approach is proposed for selection of quality management systems. The proposed model of this paper first uses fuzzy analytic hierarchical process to rank different quality management systems. Since there are normally various constraints associated with the selection of quality management, we propose a 0-1 programming for selecting an optimal mix of quality management systems. We also use the proposed model of this paper for a real-world case study of research center in aerial industries and the results are discussed.

In this paper, we present two regression functions to estimate gold coin futures price based on gold coin price, foreign exchange rate, price of gold traded globally and trend of time. The proposed model of this paper is used for price estimation of gold coin futures in Iran mercantile exchange (IME).
The proposed model of this paper is applied for historical data of future gold prices and the results are discussed. The preliminary results indicate that an increase on gold coin price could increase gold coin futures price. An increase on foreign exchange price has negative impact on gold coin futures and time horizon has positive impact on gold coin futures on IME.

The amount of damage induced by brittle fracture of cracked bodies depends considerably on the path of fractures. Therefore, prediction of the trajectory of fracture using suitable theoretical fracture criteria is very important for cracked structures. In this paper, using higher-order terms of Williams’s series expansion and the maximum tangential stress criterion, the mixed mode I/II crack growth path of an angled crack plate subjected to biaxial far field loading is investigated theoretically. To evaluate the accuracy of the theoretical results, they are compared with the experimentally reported trajectories for the angled crack plate specimen. It is shown that by taking into account the higher order terms of the Williams series expansion a very good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical mixed mode fracture paths in the angled crack problem. It was also observed that the theoretically determined initial angle of crack growth is consistent with the experimental results.

Generation of residual stress and structure deformation are the most important problems in the process of structure welding. Residual stresses inside and around the welded joints are harmful for integrity and proper functioning of the welded part. Tensile residual stresses near the weld zone may cause in developing brittle fracture, reduction of fatigue life or crack propagation caused by corrosion stresses. Welding residual stresses may even reach the yield stress of the part and can affect the thermal or mechanical working properties of it. Different thermal and mechanical approaches have been developed in the past in order to reduce these residual effects. Thus, both radiative and convective heat transfer methods have important roles in distribution of residual stresses during the welding process. In this study, convection and radiation effects on distribution of residual stress inside a welded part have been investigated for three different cases. In the first case, convection heat transfer was ignored and only effect of radiation on residual stress distribution was considered. In the second case, just the convection heat transfer applied on the model during the welding process. In another case, effects of radiation and convection heat transfer methods were investigated, simultaneously. Results of the current study showed that both radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms have a significant share on distribution of residual stresses inside the welded part. It was also shown that the share of convection is greater than that of radiation heat transfer method.

Numerous failure curves are presented in this manuscript to predict the onset of sudden fracture in V-notched brittle materials under combined tension-shear loading conditions. The curves were developed in a computational manner in terms of the notch stress intensity factors and based on the suitable failure concept of the maximum tangential stress (MTS) utilized frequently in the past by the author and his co-researchers for predicting mixed mode brittle fracture in extensive notched specimens. Three extensively used notch angles and various notch tip radii were considered in the computations. A wide range of brittle materials were also taken into account by defining and using the material critical distance. Through predicting load-bearing capacity and notch bifurcation angle utilizing only the two basic material properties namely the ultimate tensile strength and the plane-strain fracture toughness, engineers can design more rapidly and conveniently the V-notched brittle components with the aim to withstand reliably against sudden fracture.

Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and copper tetraphenylporphyrin (CuTPP) were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The CuTPP nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication and mixed solvent methods. These nanoparticles were characterized by AFM and SEM images and UV-Vis spectra. The catalytic activity of nanoparticles was investigated by oxidation of o-choloro and o-hydroxy benzyl alcohols in presence of molecular oxygen and isobutyraldehyde. The yields of oxidation of o-hydroxy benzyl alcohol by the two catalysts, CuTPP NPs and CuTPP, are 96.5% and ~ 2%, respectively. It is very obvious that the oxidation at the presence of CuTPP NPs catalyst is very high but selectivity for both reactants is 100%.?

A rapid one-pot method has been developed for the synthesis of azo dyes via ?sequential diazotization–diazo coupling of aromatic amines with coupling agents at room ?temperature in the presence of BF3.SiO2 as acidic catalyst. The obtained aryl diazonium salts bearing silica supported boron tri-flouride counter ion? was sufficiently stable to be kept at room ?temperature in the dry state.?

A regioselective synthesis of ethyl 6-aryl-3-propylpyridazine-4-carboxylates by one-pot three-component reaction of ethyl butyrylacetate with various arylglyoxals in the presence of hydrazine hydrate at room temperature in water was described.

A series of new 2-arylquinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized in high yield by condensation of aryl-1,2-diamines with arylglyoxals in DMF at 50-120 oC.