Mode I and mode II stress intensity factors (SIFs) through the thickness of edge crack in semi circular bend (SCB) and center cracked circular disc (CCCD) specimens have been analyzed using three dimensional finite element analysis. The effect of the CCCD and SCB specimen thickness on the through-thickness variations of SIFs has been studied. For all mode of mixity, the peak value of mode I SIF is found at mid plane of SCB specimen and for thin CCCD specimen, while, this location is shifted to be near the free surface plane in thick CCCD specimen. The variation of mode II SIF in CCCD and SCB specimens have a similar trend.

The novel equivalent material concept, proposed originally by the author, was utilized together with the mean stress and the point stress failure concepts to predict the load-carrying capacity of O-notched ductile steel plates under pure tension. Unlike for V and U-notches, it was found that the point stress criterion combined with the equivalent material concept could estimate successfully the limited available experimental results reported in literature regarding four O-notched plates made of very ductile steel. By using the model, one may predict well the onset of tensile crack initiation in O-notched ductile components without requiring performing experiments or elastic-plastic analysis.

Semi-submersible drilling platforms are huge bulk structures for extracting the oil products from great depth of seas. For such bulk structures, the Morrison’s equations are no longer valid for determining the loads applied to the semi-submersible drilling platforms. The diffraction theory should be used for evaluating the hydrodynamic interactions between the platform and the sea waves. In this theory, the Laplace equation is solved by considering the boundary conditions of the diffraction theory. In this paper, after a brief description of the diffraction theory, the hydrodynamic interactions between the Iran’s Amirkabir semi-submersible drilling platform and the regular linear waves of Caspian Sea is investigated numerically using boundary element method in the ANSYS/AQWA software. The induced waves exciting forces and moments with different wave heading angles are estimated for six degrees of freedom relative to the waves frequencies using the diffraction theory. The performed hydrodynamic analysis is also validated with the previous works performed for Spar platforms.

In this paper, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for an interfacial notch in a bi-material joint have been calculated using the experimental method of photoelasticity. A bi-material Brazilian disc specimen with a central interface notch was employed to determine the SIFs for different mode mixities. In this approach, SIFs were calculated experimentally for an Al/Polycarbonate bi-material Brazilian disc specimen and two different loading angles (i.e. modes I and II dominated loading conditions). The results of experimental approach were then compared with the numerical values of finite element method. Experimental results were in good consistency with the numerical values.

The amount of damage induced by brittle fracture of cracked bodies depends considerably on the path of fractures. Therefore, prediction of the trajectory of fracture using suitable theoretical fracture criteria is very important for cracked structures. In this paper, using higher-order terms of Williams’s series expansion and the maximum tangential stress criterion, the mixed mode I/II crack growth path of an angled crack plate subjected to biaxial far field loading is investigated theoretically. To evaluate the accuracy of the theoretical results, they are compared with the experimentally reported trajectories for the angled crack plate specimen. It is shown that by taking into account the higher order terms of the Williams series expansion a very good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical mixed mode fracture paths in the angled crack problem. It was also observed that the theoretically determined initial angle of crack growth is consistent with the experimental results.

Plain and nanofiber-interleaved glass/epoxy laminates clamped according to ASTM D7136 tested under impact loading to assess the improvement in impact resistance of composite laminates that have been interleaved by electrospun polyvinylidene ?uoride (PVDF) nanofibers with two different thicknesses. Composite specimens with stacking sequence [0/90/0/90]S were impacted at impact energy of 5J. Variation of the impact characteristics such as maximum contact load, maximum de?ection, maximum contact time, absorbed energy are depicted in the ?gures. The results showed that PVDF nanofibers are not a good choice for toughening epoxy and improving impact damage resistance of GFRP.

Generation of residual stress and structure deformation are the most important problems in the process of structure welding. Residual stresses inside and around the welded joints are harmful for integrity and proper functioning of the welded part. Tensile residual stresses near the weld zone may cause in developing brittle fracture, reduction of fatigue life or crack propagation caused by corrosion stresses. Welding residual stresses may even reach the yield stress of the part and can affect the thermal or mechanical working properties of it. Different thermal and mechanical approaches have been developed in the past in order to reduce these residual effects. Thus, both radiative and convective heat transfer methods have important roles in distribution of residual stresses during the welding process. In this study, convection and radiation effects on distribution of residual stress inside a welded part have been investigated for three different cases. In the first case, convection heat transfer was ignored and only effect of radiation on residual stress distribution was considered. In the second case, just the convection heat transfer applied on the model during the welding process. In another case, effects of radiation and convection heat transfer methods were investigated, simultaneously. Results of the current study showed that both radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms have a significant share on distribution of residual stresses inside the welded part. It was also shown that the share of convection is greater than that of radiation heat transfer method.

Numerous failure curves are presented in this manuscript to predict the onset of sudden fracture in V-notched brittle materials under combined tension-shear loading conditions. The curves were developed in a computational manner in terms of the notch stress intensity factors and based on the suitable failure concept of the maximum tangential stress (MTS) utilized frequently in the past by the author and his co-researchers for predicting mixed mode brittle fracture in extensive notched specimens. Three extensively used notch angles and various notch tip radii were considered in the computations. A wide range of brittle materials were also taken into account by defining and using the material critical distance. Through predicting load-bearing capacity and notch bifurcation angle utilizing only the two basic material properties namely the ultimate tensile strength and the plane-strain fracture toughness, engineers can design more rapidly and conveniently the V-notched brittle components with the aim to withstand reliably against sudden fracture.

This research gives an overview of an investigation into existing non-destructive testing (NDT) methods used to analyse composite materials. From the investigation and subsequent experimentation a new technique of failure identification in composite materials was developed. The new technique is a form of thermography whereby a temperature rise in a composite material during failure is detected via a thermal camera and a thermal image captured. By observing the thermal images captured of the event the location and the severity of the failure could be gained by only using the thermal images combined with a visual inspection to validate the results. By taking a thermal image and analysing the constituent red, green and blue colours that make up the image, the location of the defect could be pinpointed. This analysis method was developed using MATLAB® in order for the location of a defect to be found using only a thermal image of the composite during failure. The analysis showed that the information that yields the most accurate location of failure was the red part of the images.

Understanding mechanical properties of healthy and unhealthy cerebral vessels is a key element in the development of their science and the relevant clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Thirteen healthy samples were obtained from 23 middle cerebral arteries. The changes of force and deformation until the vessel rupture were recorded using a biaxial device. Thereafter, the stress-strain curve was plotted and fitted with a hyperelastic five-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model and the model parameters (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) were determined according to the best fit. For statistical comparison, the samples were divided into three age and two gender groups and subjected to non-parametric statistical analyses. Comparison of obtained results for different age groups showed that there is a significant difference between the "old" group and the other two groups (middle-aged and young). There was no significant difference between male and female groups. Therefore, the results demonstrate the changes of blood vessel wall properties with aging. The results also depicted that the arterial wall is stiffer in the circumferential direction than the axial direction. Anisotropy of cerebral vessels was confirmed by all of the tests. Therefore, the significance of the biaxial tests is in the spot light in the derived data. Moreover, good fitting of data illuminated that the use of multiple-parameter constitutive models is useful for mathematical demonstration of cerebral vessel tissue behavior. In conclusion, good fitting of data illuminated that the use of multiple-parameter constitutive models is useful for mathematical demonstration of cerebral vessel tissue behavior.