Electron impact (EI) mass spectrometer apparatus has been used to monitor the relative intensities of ion clusters of the type Xn(H2O)n where X is 3-arylpyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5,7(6H,8H)-diones (1a-d), 3-aryl-7-thioxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5-ones (2a-d) and n = 1, 2. The m/z of selected fragments obtained from 1a-d and 2a-d show a clustered water molecule due to strong intermolecular H-bonding between fragment and clustered water molecule.

2-(5-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)hydrazine was converted to corresponding 3H-indole by Fischer method utilizing the isopropyl methyl ketone in acetic acid. The reaction of 3H-indole with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent furnished aminomethylene malonaldehyde in excellent yield while the reactions of malonaldehyde with hydrazine, arylhydrazines, amines, cyanoacetamide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, led to the corresponding pyrazole derivatives, enamines, cyanopyridone, and cyanoacetamide derivatives respectively.

An efficient, green, and facile four-component reaction for the preparation of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives through the condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine in the presence of commercially available organocatalyst sodium benzoate under aqueous condition is reported. The products are produced with high yields and in shorter reaction times. It also is mild, safe, green and environmental friendly.

The dicompartmental macrocyclic ligand (L2)2- was prepared by [1:1] cyclic condensation of N,N?-dimethyacetate-N,N?-ethylene-di(5-methyl-3-formyl-2-hydroxybenzylamine with 1,3-diaminopropane. The ligand includes dissimilar N(amine)2O2 and N(imine)2O2 coordination sites sharing two phenolic oxygen atoms and containing two methyl acetate pedant arms on the amine nitrogen donor atoms. A series of mono- and bimetallic complexes were synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance measurement, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. It was found that during the cyclization process the copper (II) displaced from the N(amine)2O2 to the N(imine)2O2 coordination site and one of the methyl acetate pedant arms is dissociated. The heterodinuclear complex of [ZnL2Cu(?-OAc)]+ was prepared by a transmetallation reaction on the [ZnL2Zn(?-OAc)]+ by Cu(II). The characterization results showed that the two metal ions are bridged by two phenolic oxygen atoms and an acetate group, providing distorted five-coordination geometries for the both metal ions.

In the current work, beach sand (BS) and beach sand coated with polyaniline (BS/Pani) were used as an efficient green adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions. Methylene blue (MB) was chosen as a test probe for the evaluation of the selected adsorbents for dye removal efficiency. The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch system and the effect of some important empirical parameters affecting adsorption processes were then investigated. The experimental data were also analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Based on the correlation coefficient values obtained (R2), it was found that equilibrium data for both adsorbents fitted well with both models. Adsorption data were also examined by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models and their respective rate constants were estimated. It was found that sorption of MB dye onto BS/Pani is fitted very well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Using the equilibrium concentration constants obtained at different temperatures, important thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process were calculated. It was found that the chemically modified beach sand is an effective and low cost adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions.

The evaluation of the most appropriate flexibility in the manufacturing sector is one of the strategic issues that may affect the Flexibile Manufacturing System (FMS). In this paper, a Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method (MADM) methodology is structured to resolve this problem. The two decision making methods, which are Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Weighted Product Method (WPM), are integrated with Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in order to get the best use of information available. The aim of using AHP is to give the weights of the attributes and these weights are used in SAW & WPM method for ranking of flexibility in FMS. Furthermore, the method uses fuzzy logic to change the qualitative attributes into the quantitative attributes. 15 factors are taken to evaluation of 15 flexibility. In this report, we concluded that Product Flexibility has the most impact in 15 flexibilities and Programme Flexibility has the least impact in these 15 flexibilities by this methodology.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to measure the performance of a mining firm in province of Semnan, Iran based on fuzzy fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The proposed study of this paper uses strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) technique to analyze the firm and using DEMATEL rank various items based on their relative importance. Based on the results of our survey, cost reduction and increase investment in mining sector are the most important components of this survey. The study also compares the results with similar study, which has recently been accomplished and we believe the proposed model is capable of detecting possible threats and helping us provide possible actions.

There is an ongoing change on customers’ needs on selecting customers’ needs, which may influence requirements on designing products and services as well as export sale and company’s market shares in domestic and international market. In the present study, through descriptive approach with qualitative method and case study, we investigate important key factors influencing on new product development and products’ successive factors at overseas nutritional market. In addition by presenting a new model in accordance with the present condition of the organization we explore the closest product development model and affective factors influencing them. The study investigates 36 factors and extracts six important ones, which influence product development including intelligent information, process research and development, strategy introduced, participation strategy, market survey and differentiation strategy.

Ranking industry normally helps find hot sectors and attract potential investors to invest in appropriate plans. Ranking various industries is also a multiple criteria decision making problem. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to rank different industries using the art of data envelopment analysis (DEA). The inputs of our proposed DEA model include capital, employment and importance coefficient and outputs are exports, ecological effects and added value. In addition, exports, value added and environmental investment are used as outputs of DEA method. Since the results of DEA may consider more than one efficient unit, so we implement Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique to rank efficient units. In our case study, there were 15 different sectors from various industries and the implementation of DEA technique recommends 8 efficient units. The implementation of TOPSIS among these efficient units has suggested that Chemical industry could be considered as the most attracting industry for investment.

There are many opportunities and challenges in the area of Indian technical education due to liberalization and globalization of economy. One of these challenges is how to assess the performance of technical institutions based on multiple criteria. The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate an application of a structured approach to determine relative performance and ranking of seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) under multi-criteria environment. To evaluate the alternatives in respect to stakeholders’ preference we suggest a new methodology consisting of fuzzy AHP, DEA and TOPSIS. Fuzzy AHP technique is used to determine the weights of criteria and some linguistic terms are applied to assess performance under each criterion, then in order to determine the value of linguistic terms we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Finally TOPSIS method is used to aggregate performance scores under different criteria into an overall performance score for each institution and ranking the institution according to their overall performance score. The proposed fuzzy AHP–DEA–TOPSIS methodology is applicable to any multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem due to its generic nature.