The Project Management Office (PMO) has different roles, but if it is concluded that the existence of this PMO will be needed by the project. Factors contributing to project performance include support from the PMO. PMO at PT. XYZ will begin to be implemented starting in 2019. From 2019 to 2022 work on 3 project assignments from the local government. In practice, there were problems where 2 of the three projects experienced delays in completion and 1 other project experienced payment delays, where the risks to the project have not been optimally managed. This study aims to identify the role of the project management office (PMO) owned by PT. XYZ, identify risks in PMO management and identify the role of PMO that has the most influence on risk-based project performance at PT. XYZ. The research method used in this study is a survey method for several respondents where the previous questionnaire was validated by experts and a pilot survey was carried out and the results of the questionnaire will be analyzed using the SEM method. This is to be able to provide results if risk control in PMO management is carried out effectively or on target so that it can improve project performance at PT. XYZ.

As a capital market investment, stocks have risks that must be managed. Therefore, investors should consider the returns and risks of investment products. This study aims to estimate the risk of insurance companies' loss when investing. The method used to estimate the level of risk is Value at Risk (VaR) based on Extreme Value Theory (EVT). The data used is secondary data in the form of daily stock closing prices from two insurance companies, AXA General Insurance and BRI Insurance, from January 2016 to January 2022. The data were used to estimate the risk value according to the EVT principle. As a result, Insurance AXA General Insurance, with 5.91% liquidity, has the lowest VaR value with a 99% confidence level, while BRI Insurance has 5.04%. We concluded from these results that AXA General Insurance has a lower investment risk. It means that each company has a different risk value. Therefore, investors should know these risk factors when choosing a company.

Life insurance is designed to reduce the risk of financial loss due to unforeseen consequences related to the insured's death. In life insurance, the insurer provides death benefits as a claim when the insured suffers death. The claim is the compensation for a risk loss. Individual claim in one-period insurance is called aggregation claim, while aggregation claim is a collective risk. Collective risk is usually measured using a variance. However, the variance risk measure cannot often accommodate any event risk because there is a risk of claims beyond the amount of variance. Using the proposed method CVaR and confidence level are taken from α = 0.25% until 4%. This study found that the proposed method CVaR scored more fairly than Collective Risk. In conclusion, this study indicated that the collective risk model is just included using mean and variance without any confidence level. Therefore, only one result for the Collective Risk model, which automatically shows the model using mean, variance and standard deviation, could not accommodate all risk events.

This research examines the relationship between consumer attitudes and decisions. By examining the attitude forming variables, among others, usefulness, ease of use and risk which directly influence attitudes and the direct influence of consumer attitudes on consumer decisions. The population in this study is a large number of consumers and the amount is not known with certainty, the researchers, for the sample using a random sampling method which is part of the non-probability sampling technique with the criteria of respondents who have shopped in offline retail and online retail, over 17 years old and domiciled in Jakarta. Samples taken amounted to 160 with 32 questions for each respondent. The results show that usefulness and ease of use affect consumer attitudes. While ease of use is the most powerful variable and has the biggest contribution that influences attitude. In this research hypothesis there is one hypothesis that is rejected, namely the effect of risk on attitude attitudes, the results of the study found that risk has no effect on attitude.

The palm oil industry has a strategic role in economic development in Indonesia, especially in alleviating poverty and creating other businesses that can support the industry. Operational activities in the palm oil industry are closely related to environmental issues (deforestation, land-use change, and air pollution) and social conflict. The certification program is an effort for the palm oil industry to implement sustainable development. The certified palm oil industry will increase industrial profitability in the long run to increase investor interest in the future. The decision to choose palm oil industry stocks that carry out sustainable practices and generate maximum returns is an exciting issue, but how investors can choose the right stocks and the minimum risk level. This study aims to apply the decision-making model to choose the optimal stock in the palm oil industry, which involves sustainable certification and risk criteria. The method used in this study was the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) based on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) data. Determinants of stock selection decisions from previous research are considered criteria for decision making. Through the PROMETHEE method, a list of the rankings of the oil palm industry shares can be generated. The sustainable certification and risk criteria can be used as a reference for relevant stakeholders such as investors. Further studies need to be developed by adding non-financial criteria in the firm and developing the criteria to differentiate each other.

Despite the importance of risk management in the banking sector, little research has been devoted to the Ara-bian settings. This paper investigates the effect of risk management practices (i.e., understanding risk and risk management, risk analysis and assessment, risk identification, risk monitoring, and credit risk analysis) on Jordanian commercial banks’ performance. The study utilizes a quantitative approach by obtaining survey data from risk managers and employees in risk management departments (n=23) of commercial banks. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied on the data and the results showed that the components of risk management practices had positive and significant impacts on the performance of banks. In sum, the findings corroborate existing work in the Western settings and underscore the importance of risk management in the Arabian banking context.

The study aims to test the impact of risk on supply chain cooperation in the agriculture sector in Vietnam. The research paper used the quantitative research method through analysing structural equation modelling (SEM), with a dataset of 518 observations. The survey subject is the experienced and knowledgeable manager in supply chain management in the agricultural sector. The result found that risk has impacted not only directly and negatively on the supply chain cooperation but also indirectly through intermediary factors, namely commitment and the participant's opportunistic behaviour. In addition, the study has also proved that in some cases, the participant's dependency mentality in work and opportunistic behaviour lead to the opposite impact of commitment on trust and level of supply chain cooperation in agriculture. Based on this result, the study also makes recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the supply chain cooperation in the agricultural sector in Vietnam. The findings contributed to both theory and practice. It pointed out the impact of risk on the supply chain cooperation in the agricultural sector, as well as the mediating role of commitment and opportunistic behaviour in this relationship.

Online grocery shopping has emerged as a prominent choice, significantly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study delves into the factors impacting customer satisfaction in the realm of online grocery shopping, focusing on the mediating influence of perceived risk. The research, conducted with a sample size of 462, employed a convenience sampling technique for data collection. The data analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS. The findings reveal that perceived product quality plays a pivotal role in positively and significantly influencing customer satisfaction within the online grocery shopping sphere. Conversely, perceived convenience, while positively correlated, exhibits insignificance in impacting customer satisfaction. Furthermore, this study highlights the existence of full mediation between perceived convenience and customer satisfaction, mediated by a variable, as evidenced by the non-zero values in the range of .040 to .105. This research underscores the importance for businesses engaged in online grocery retail to prioritize convenience as an essential element to enhance customer satisfaction.

The implementation of major projects is complicated by the multiplicity of beneficiaries, owners, and all participants in the project as well as the technical overlap between the various engineering, financial and administrative works, while the specific features of the construction activity have a clear influence in shaping the nature of construction projects because the implementation processes were associated with a deep and long-term intervention in the natural environment, where construction is a burden on the environment, both in the construction phase and during the maintenance and liquidation phases: it requires depreciation of a large number of material resources. Through that, this study focused on clarifying the most important concepts of risk management and modern strategies in risk analysis and how to respond to them and monitor projects. The study then presented a questionnaire for the risks facing major projects in Egypt. Through analyzing the results of the questionnaire, a qualitative risk analysis was conducted that can be used to prioritize response to risks, in addition to conducting a Monte Carlo simulation based on theoretical foundations and providing a new process for prioritizing project risks related to sustainability, where the (Primavera Risk Analysis) program was used to clarify the impact of risks on project time and cost. All analyses are based on the theoretical background regarding risk, risk management process, and project life cycle approach in the sustainable construction sector. with the help of this study, it is possible to address ways of mitigating the harmful effects on the environment through the implementation of sustainable management in the planning of future projects and better management of current projects.

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the entire global financial market in an unprecedented way. Due to disruptions in the global market, the Jordanian financial market also responded to the pandemic and observed sudden volatility. The outbreak of the virus has led the management of the Jordanian market (Amman Securities Exchange / ASE) to halt trading on the secondary market during the period 17 March 2020 – 9 May 2020. Hence, using daily closing prices of listed firms, this paper empirically examines the market’s liquidity cost before its closure (2 January 2020 – 16 March 2020) and after (10 May 2020 – 31 December 2020). The premise of this objective rests on the fact that the trading activity on the secondary market, following the resumption of trading is carried- out within uncertain circumstances. The data used in this study comes from the daily trading reports published by ASE. All listed companies are included in the analysis. Based on the daily closing bid and ask prices, we calculate the daily spreads during two sub-periods (2 January 2020 – 16 March 2020 and 10 May 2020 - 31 December 2020). We then regress the daily spreads on daily stock prices, number of daily contracts, risk, and where the companies list their shares (first or second market). The main findings of this paper are threefold. First, liquidity cost in the ASE is relatively high. Second, following the resumption of trading on the secondary market, liquidity cost has increased. Third, other known determinants of liquidity cost are significant and have the expected coefficient signs. The fact that liquidity cost in the ASE is high, and higher even after the resumption of trading, necessitates some clear policy measures. These include a reduction in the currently used minimum tick.