This study aims to investigate the strategies employed by halal food manufacturers in Malaysia to mitigate operational supply risks. This study selected a sample of 369 respondents using a simple random sampling method to participate in the main survey. The collected dataset was analysed using covariance-based software (AMOS-SEM)) to test the study hypotheses. The findings of this research highlight that halal food manufacturers in Malaysia proactively adopt measures to manage operational supply risks from suppliers. Notably, they utilize behaviour-based and buffer-based strategies to effectively minimize the impact of these risks. This study focused on supply-related risks. To secure the integrity of halal, the firms must address demand-related risks and governmental and organizational risks to ensure the halalness of halal products. Therefore, it is crucial to consider risk management for all parts of the supply chain to guarantee the halal compliance of food products. The study highlights halal firms' need for behaviour-based and buffer-based risk management strategies to mitigate price, quality, and delivery risks while ensuring brand reputation and consumer trust through collaboration, information sharing, and supplier performance evaluation. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the operational supply risks faced by halal food manufacturers, offering insights into the unique challenges and vulnerabilities within the halal food supply chain. By specifically focusing on Malaysia, this research contributes to the limited existing literature in this specific context, further enriching our knowledge in this field.

This study aims empirically to analyze mitigation strategies for operational supply risk among halal food manufacturers in Malaysia. A survey of 369 halal food manufacturers is used to test a research model that proposes a relationship between operational supply risk and risk consequences as well as the mediating role of risk mitigation strategies. Structural equation modeling reveals that in the absence of a risk mitigation strategy (behavior-based management, buffer-based management, and traceability-based management), operational risk consequences are significantly influenced by operational supply risk. The analysis also showed the mitigation strategies reduce risk events by its interaction between operational supply risk and risk consequences. This study shows significant data about the management of halal food manufacturing. Due to the limitations of this survey, further study is necessary to analyze how other halal's sectors manage their supply chain risk management.

Halal industry in Malaysia provides a great opportunity for food manufacturers to expand their businesses, globally. However, the business has faced with some difficulties to improve performance due to complexity in halal supply chain. This paper studies the adoption of halal food supply chain (HFSC) factors on business performance among halal food manufacturers in Malaysia. Data were collected randomly from Halal Development Council (HDC) directory website. Using regres-sion analysis, 103 responses were analyzed to determine the effects of adoption factors of HFSC on business performance. The results indicate that the context of technological, organizational and environmental can improve business performance of halal manufacturer. Perceived benefits in the context of technological gives the best predictor on business performance. In the context of organizational, readiness provides the best predictor of business performance. Meanwhile, halal market demand in the context of environmental gives the best predictor of business performance. The paper examines business performance in food industry; however other industries in halal are not focused. The results provide some insights into business performance among halal industry in Malaysia.